Human rights in armed conflict : law, practice, policy / Gerd Oberleitner.
2015
KZ6471 .O24 2015 (Map It)
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Title
Human rights in armed conflict : law, practice, policy / Gerd Oberleitner.
Published
Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Call Number
KZ6471 .O24 2015
ISBN
9781107087545 (hardback)
1107087546 (hardback)
1107087546 (hardback)
Description
xx, 412 pages ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)886673097
Summary
"It is now widely accepted that international human rights law applies in situations of armed conflict alongside international humanitarian law, but the contours and consequences of this development remain unclear. This book revisits, organizes and contextualizes the debate on human rights in armed conflict and explores the legal challenges, operational consequences and policy implications of resorting to human rights in situations of inter- and intra-state violence. "-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 351-382) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
xi
Table of cases
xii
Table of legal instruments
xvi
List of abbreviations
xix
Introduction
1
pt. I
Human rights in armed conflict: history of an idea
9
1.
From medieval sources to modernity
11
1.1.
Mercy, chivalry, self-interest and justice
11
1.2.
Self-interest, common concern and justice
14
1.3.
Early modern Europe: war as a public activity
16
1.4.
War and peace in the emerging law of nations
19
1.5.
Enlightenment: national wars and individual rights
21
2.
The science of warfare and the progress of civilization
24
2.1.
The positivist nineteenth century
24
2.2.
Lieber Code
26
2.3.
Laws of war as a mission civilisatrice
28
2.4.
Martens Clause and the dictates of public conscience
31
2.5.
Inter arma caritas: Henri Dunant and the Red Cross
35
3.
1945: whither war?
38
3.1.
1914--1945: war as trauma and war as crime
38
3.2.
United Nations and the despicable laws of war
40
3.3.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights: human rights for peace
42
3.4.
"International humanitarian law": what's in a name?
44
3.5.
Geneva Conventions of 1949 and human rights
46
4.
Human rights in armed conflict
52
4.1.
Geneva, New York, Tehran: World Conference of Human Rights 1968
52
4.2.
International Committee of the Red Cross and human rights
59
4.3.
Additional Protocols of 1977
61
4.4.
Fundamental standards of humanity
64
4.5.
"Humanitarian rights": humanitarian law in human rights documents
68
4.6.
International Committee of the Red Cross and "Fundamental Guarantees"
71
4.7.
Role of civil society
76
4.8.
Humanity as grace and humanity as right
77
pt. II
Human rights and humanitarian law: theory
81
5.
Exclusivity: the misconceived idea of lex specialis
83
5.1.
Separation and self-contained regimes
83
5.2.
Special regimes and the fragmentation of international law
85
5.3.
Lex specialis in international law
87
5.4.
International Court of Justice and lex specialis
89
5.5.
Exclusivist position of the United States
93
5.6.
Lex specialis: an inadequate device
95
(a).
Distinguishing "general" and "special"
95
(b).
Norm conflict or norm interpretation?
99
(c).
A bi-directional relationship
101
(d).
Abandoning lex specialis: from dogma to pragmatism
103
6.
Complementarity: maximizing protection
105
6.1.
A variegated approach
105
6.2.
Interpretation, cumulative application and filling gaps
108
(a).
Systematic coherence
108
(b).
Civil and political rights
109
(c).
Economic, social and cultural rights
112
(d).
Indivisibility of human rights
115
6.3.
Maximum protection or graduated approach?
117
7.
Integration: the transformative influence of human rights
122
7.1.
Neither genus nor species
122
7.2.
Towards a human rights-based jus in bello
124
pt. III
Human rights and humanitarian law: challenges and commonalities
129
8.
The right to life: the limits of human rights in armed conflict?
131
8.1.
Paradigmatic differences: war-fighting and law enforcement
131
8.2.
Proportionality revisited
136
8.3.
Lawful killing or duty to capture?
139
8.4.
A unified use of force regime?
141
9.
The extra-territorial application of human rights: functional universality
144
9.1.
Reach of human rights
144
9.2.
Legal basis of the extra-territorial application of human rights
146
(a).
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
146
(b).
Jurisdiction in human rights treaties
152
(c).
Case law: territorial and personal jurisdiction
156
9.3.
A capability approach: towards functional universality
165
10.
War as emergency: derogation
169
10.1.
The idea and law of derogation
169
10.2.
"A threat to the life of the nation": war as a state of emergency
171
10.3.
Derogation gap and the limits of derogation
172
11.
Human rights and humanitarian obligations
176
11.1.
Reframing rights and obligations: respect, protect, fulfil
176
11.2.
The individual in humanitarian law
183
12.
Operationalizing human rights in armed conflict
186
12.1.
The idea of human rights and the image of the warrior
186
12.2.
Rights and risks
189
pt. IV
The dynamics of war and law
191
13.
The changing character of war
193
13.1.
War as risk management
193
13.2.
New wars, old laws
195
13.3.
Terrorism and "trans-national" conflicts
197
13.4.
War-fighting and law enforcement
199
13.5.
Armed force in peace support operations
201
14.
Governing internal armed violence
206
14.1.
Towards a human rights law of internal armed conflicts?
206
14.2.
Role of non-state actors
210
(a).
Legal obligations of non-state actors in armed conflicts
210
(b).
Developments in practice
213
15.
Human rights in situations of occupation
220
15.1.
Law of occupation: governing fragility in hostility
220
15.2.
Human rights and occupation law
222
15.3.
Identifying the duties of Occupying Powers
224
15.4.
Occupation between preservation and transformation
228
16.
Context: the humanization of international law
232
16.1.
Humanity in international law
232
16.2.
Human security and armed conflict
235
pt. V
Enforcement: practice and potential
239
17.
United Nations Human Rights Council: monitoring armed conflicts
241
17.1.
A mandate for armed conflicts?
241
17.2.
The Council's practice
243
17.3.
Special procedures of the Human Rights Council and armed conflict
246
17.4.
Special sessions, fact-finding missions and commissions of inquiry
253
17.5.
Universal Periodic Review
255
18.
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
259
19.
United Nations human rights treaty bodies
262
19.1.
Human Rights Committee
262
19.2.
Committee on the Rights of the Child
265
19.3.
Other human rights treaty bodies
268
20.
The Inter-American human rights system
271
20.1.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
271
(a).
Applying humanitarian law
271
(b).
Interpreting human rights law
282
20.2.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
288
(a).
Las Palmeras: delimiting interpretation
288
(b).
Beyond Las Palmeras
290
21.
The European Court of Human Rights
295
21.1.
From Cyprus v. Turkey to Al-Skeini: international conflicts and occupation
295
21.2.
Internal violence: the Kurdish cases
298
21.3.
Internal violence: Chechnya
302
21.4.
Exceptional references to humanitarian law
307
21.5.
A European human rights law of armed conflict?
309
22.
The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
312
23.
Monitoring and litigating humanitarian rights: prospects
316
23.1.
Lack of humanitarian law enforcement
316
23.2.
Human rights bodies in armed conflict: lessons learned
320
23.3.
Monitoring human rights and humanitarian law
322
23.4.
Duty to investigate and the "right to truth"
325
23.5.
Individual complaints and litigation
327
(a).
Importance of legal proceedings
327
(b).
Humanitarian norms before human rights bodies
330
(c).
Reforming individual complaints procedures?
333
23.6.
Remedy and compensation
334
23.7.
Human rights bodies in armed conflict: challenges and potential
336
Conclusion
340
Bibliography
351
Index
383