International antitrust litigation : conflict of laws and coordination / edited by Jürgen Basedow, Stéphanie Francq and Laurence Idot.
2012
K3850 .I566 2012 (Map It)
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Title
International antitrust litigation : conflict of laws and coordination / edited by Jürgen Basedow, Stéphanie Francq and Laurence Idot.
Published
Oxford ; Portland, Or. : Hart Pub., 2012.
Call Number
K3850 .I566 2012
ISBN
9781849460392 (cloth)
1849460396 (cloth)
1849460396 (cloth)
Description
lx, 460 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)681711731
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Szladits Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Szladits Fund
Table of Contents
Series Editors' Preface
v
Table of Abbreviations
xxi
Table of Cases
xxv
Table of Legislation
xlv
Table of Treaties, Conventions and Agreements etc
lix
1.
Introduction / Laurence Idot
1
I.
Context
1
II.
Why Analyse Antitrust Disputes in the Light of Private International Law?
1
A.
The International Aspect of Antitrust Litigation
1
B.
The Characteristics of Antitrust Litigation
2
C.
Examples and Issues
3
i.
Example A
3
ii.
Example B
4
iii.
Example C
4
iv.
Example D
4
D.
The Normative Context
7
III.
Aims of the Research Project
8
IV.
Content and Structure of the Book
9
V.
Working Method
10
A.
Who is Who?
10
B.
Working Method
11
C.
Methodological Premises
12
pt. I
INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST LITIGATION - CONFLICT-OF-LAWS ISSUES
15
I.1.
Jurisdiction in EU Cross-Border Litigation
15
2.
How to apply Articles 5(1) and 5(3) of the Brussels I Regulation to Private Enforcement of Competition Law: a Coherent Approach / Blanca Vila Costa
17
I.
Introduction
17
II.
Introductory Proposal: There Is No Need to Amend the Brussels I Regulation with a View to Facilitating Private Enforcement of Competition Law
19
III.
Interpretative Proposals Concerning Article 5(1)
23
IV.
Interpretative Proposals Concerning Article 5(3)
26
3.
International Cartels and the Place of Acting under Article 5(3) of the Brussels I Regulation / Jurgen Basedow
31
I.
Introduction
31
II.
Article 5(3) Regulation 44/2001
32
III.
Multistate Effects and Limited Jurisdictional Competence
32
IV.
Perspectives on the Place of Acting and Jurisdictional Competence
33
A.
Place of Agreement or Concerted Action
33
B.
Place of Implementation
34
C.
Seat of the Defendant as Place of Acting
35
V.
Variety of Cartel Forms
35
A.
(Quasi-)Incorporated Cartels
35
B.
Cartel Agreements Made outside of (Quasi-)Corporate Structures
36
C.
Single-Instance Cartel Agreements
37
D.
Complex Cartel Agreements
37
E.
Stable Place of Implementation
38
VI.
Summary: A Multiplicity of Places of Acting
39
4.
Jurisdiction Issues: Brussels I Regulation Articles 6(1), 23, 27 and 28 in Antitrust Litigation / Michael Wilderspin
41
I.
Introduction
41
A.
Purpose of this Paper
41
B.
The Relevant Provisions of the Brussels I Regulation
42
i.
Article 6(1) Brussels I Regulation
42
ii.
Article 23 Brussels I Regulation
43
iii.
The Provisions on Lis Pendens and Related Actions
43
II.
The Provimi Litigation
43
A.
Factual Background
43
B.
Applications to Strike Out the Actions
44
C.
Other Issues Which Are Either Implicit in the Judgment or Were Common Ground between the Parties
45
III.
Analysis of the Judgment of the High Court in Provimi in the Light of the European Court's Case-Law
46
A.
Article 6(1)
46
B.
Article 23
50
IV.
Recommendations to Be Made with Regard to Article 6(1) and Articles 23, 27 and 28 Brussels I Regulation
51
A.
Article 6(1)
51
B.
Article 23
53
C.
Article 27
56
D.
Article 28
58
I.2.
Applicable Law in The EU - Rome I and Rome II
61
5.
Private Enforcement of Antitrust Provisions and the Rome I Regulation / Stephanie Francq
63
I.
Introduction
63
II.
How Do Antitrust Rules Apply in Contractual Litigation?
64
A.
Basic Principles Governing the Designation of the Lex Contractus
64
i.
The Rules Governing the Identification of the Applicable Law
64
ii.
Exceptions
66
B.
Basic Principles Governing the Applicability of Competition Law
67
i.
Influence of Competition Law on the Substance and Validity of Contracts
68
a.
General Remarks: the Influence of Competition Law is Incidental in regard to the Contractual Regime
68
b.
Influence of EU Competition Law on Contractual Litigation
69
c.
Influence of Article 101(3) TFEU and Block Exemption Regulations
70
ii.
The Nature of Competition Law from the Point of View of Private International Law
73
C.
The Intervention of Competition Law Rules in International Contractual Litigation
74
i.
EU Competition Law
74
a.
Primary Law
74
b.
Secondary Law
76
ii.
National Competition Law
77
a.
The Interplay of Article 4 and Article 9 Rome I
77
b.
Conflict of Competition Laws of Different Legal Systems
79
D.
Conclusion
81
III.
Specific Issue: The Nullity of the Contract or Part Thereof and its Consequences
82
A.
Nullity of the Contract or Part Thereof
83
i.
Material Scope of the Provision on Nullity
83
ii.
The Law Applicable to Issues Related to the Nullity of the Contractual Agreement but Falling Outside the Scope of Article 101(2) TFEU
86
B.
Assessment of Damages and Nemo Auditur
88
i.
Taking into Account Substantive Overriding EU Requirements
88
ii.
Ascertaining the Applicable Law
89
C.
Conclusion
90
6.
International Antitrust Claims under the Rome II Regulation / Wolfgang Wurmnest
91
I.
Introduction
91
II.
Legislative History
93
III.
Foundations of Article 6 Rome II
96
A.
Determining the Scope of the Rome II Regulation
96
i.
General Remarks
96
ii.
Non-Contractual Obligations
96
iii.
Civil and Commercial Matters
97
B.
Article 6 Rome II in the General System of the Regulation
98
i.
Overview
98
ii.
Is Article 6(3) Rome II a Universal Provision?
100
C.
The Interplay between Articles 6(1) and 6(3) Rome II
103
i.
Background
103
ii.
No Need to Distinguish Articles 6(1) and (3) Rome II?
104
iii.
The Dividing Line between Unfair Competition and Restriction of Competition
105
D.
Necessary Legislative Amendments
107
IV.
Nature of the Rules Designated by Article 6(3) Rome II
107
A.
Problem Stated
107
i.
Various Aspects of Competition Law
107
ii.
Market Rules Determine their Own Scope of Application
109
B.
Solution for Articles 101, 102 TFEU
110
C.
Possible Solutions for Market Rules of National Origin
111
i.
Article 6(3) Rome II as an `Open Gate'
111
ii.
Market Rules as Overriding Mandatory Rules (Article 16 Rome II)
114
iii.
Market Rules as Rules of Safety and Conduct (Article 17 Rome II)
117
D.
Necessary Legislative Amendments
119
V.
The Law of the Affected Market, Article 6(3)(a) Rome II
119
A.
Defining the Relevant Market
120
B.
Nature of the Link Required
122
C.
Necessary Legislative Amendments
124
VI.
The Right to Choose the Law of the Forum, Article 6(3)(b) Rome II
124
A.
General Remarks
124
B.
Unwritten Limitations of the Concentration Rule?
125
i.
Problem Stated
125
ii.
Limitations with Regard to the Application of National Competition Law
126
iii.
Limitations with Regard to the Kind of Damage Sustained by the Plaintiff
127
C.
Necessary Legislative Amendments
128
VII.
Conclusion
128
7.
Relevance of the Distinction between the Contractual and Non-Contractual Spheres (Jurisdiction and Applicable Law) / Dominika Lawnicka
131
I.
Introduction
131
II.
Preliminary Question: Is the Debate Related to the Distinction between Contractual and Non-Contractual Spheres an Odd Issue in the Context of Actions for Damages Based on a Breach of EU Competition Law?
135
III.
Assessment of the Distinction between Contractual and Non-Contractual Claims Arising out of a Restriction of Competition
138
A.
Distinction of the Texts
139
B.
Distinctions as Far as the Reasoning and the Solutions are Concerned
139
i.
The Distinctions and the Issue of Determining Jurisdiction
139
a.
Tort
140
b.
Contract
140
ii.
The Distinction and the Issue of Applicable Law
140
a.
Differences Based on the Assessment of a Specific Policy
141
b.
Differences Based on the Specification of the Policy
141
c.
Differences between Solutions on the Basis of Examples
141
d.
Results of the Comparison
144
IV.
How the Distinction Conflicts with European Principles
145
A.
The European Principles Involved
145
i.
Specificity of the European Legal Order and Its Directions
145
ii.
Competition Policy as a Pillar of the Internal Market
146
a.
The Importance of the Basis
146
b.
The Effects of the Basis in Competition Law: the Specificity of Private Actions Based on Competition in the Member States
147
iii.
The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
147
a.
Predictability, Legal Certainty and Justice
147
b.
Fundamental Place of the European Citizen
148
c.
Simplification of Litigation
148
d.
No Distortion of Competition between Litigants
148
e.
Consistency among the European Texts
148
B.
The Elements of the Conflict
149
i.
The Difficult Implementation of the Distinction between Contractual and Non-Contractual Obligations Conflicts with Certainty, Predictability, Necessity of Simplification and Effectiveness of Competition Policy
149
a.
Conflicts Resulting from the Existence of the Primary Distinction between Contractual and Non-Contractual Obligations
149
b.
Conflicts Resulting from the Difficulties of Implementation of the Distinction within the Categories
151
ii.
The Variety of the Solutions Induced by the Existence of the Distinction Conflicts with Principles of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as well as with the Objective of Effectiveness of EU Competition Law
153
a.
Different Choice of Jurisdiction for the Plaintiff Conflicts with the Principle of Non-Distortion of Competition between the Litigants when they Sue for Damages on the Basis of a Breach of Competition Rules
153
b.
Possible Party Autonomy in Case of Contractual Obligations Conflicts with Competition Policy and with the Principles of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
153
c.
Different Connecting Factors and Different Reasonings whether the Obligation Is Contractual or Non-Contractual for the Same Prohibited Behaviour Conflicts with the Principle of Consistency and with the Necessity not to Distort Competition between the Litigants
154
d.
Possible Use of Article 4(4) Rome I Regulation for a Contractual Obligation Conflicts with the Necessary Predictability of the Solutions for the Plaintiff
154
e.
The Impossibility of Adoption of a Single Applicable Law to an Action Brought against Several Defendants (Namely Distributors) on the Basis of Several and Similar Contractual Obligations May Be Considered in Conflict with at Least Three European Principles
154
iii.
The Lack of Specific Rules for Contract Conflicts with the Objective of Effectiveness of European Competition Policy and the Principle of Consistency
154
V.
Proposals of Means of Convergence
155
A.
Formal Solution
155
i.
The Solution of Formal Unity of Competition Matters Through a Single Text
155
ii.
The Solution of Formal Diversity through Three Texts Containing Equivalent Provisions
156
B.
Substantive Common Solutions
156
VI.
Conclusion
157
I.3.
Alternative Forms of Litigation
159
8.
International Litigation and Competition Law: the Case of Collective Redress / Dimitrios-Panagiotis L. Tzakas
161
I.
Introduction
161
II.
The Requirements Emanating from EU Competition Law
162
III.
Current State of Collective Redress in the EU
165
A.
Collective Redress in the Legal Systems of the Member States
165
i.
Representative Actions
165
ii.
Collective Actions
167
B.
The Propositions of the European Commission
168
IV.
Specific Issues Raised by Collective Redress Instruments
170
A.
Representative Actions
170
i.
Recognition of the Representative Entity
170
ii.
Admissibility of the Type of Action
172
iii.
Defining the Eligible Representative Entities
172
a.
Conflict-of-Laws Issues
172
b.
Questions of Interchangeability or Substitution
175
c.
The Commission's Proposals
176
iv.
Represented Individuals
178
v.
Distribution of Damages
180
B.
Collective Actions
182
V.
Jurisdictional Aspects
183
VI.
Applicable Law
184
VII.
Recognition and Enforcement of Collective Redress Rulings
185
VIII.
Conclusion
189
9.
Arbitration and EU Competition Law / Assimakis P. Komninos
191
I.
Introduction
191
II.
Modernised EU Competition Law and Arbitration
192
A.
From Distrust to Embrace
192
B.
How Competition Law Issues Arise in Arbitration
194
C.
Arbitrability of EU Competition Law
194
D.
Competences of Arbitrators in the Decentralised System of Enforcement
196
III.
The Application of EU Competition Law by International Arbitration Tribunals
198
A.
EU Competition Law as Applicable Law in Trans-border Disputes in General
198
B.
The Specific Case of Arbitration
200
IV.
The Institutional Position of Arbitration in its Relationship with the European Commission
202
A.
Arbitration Is Not Covered by the Cooperation Duties of Regulation 1/2003
202
B.
General Exclusion of Arbitration from the Courts Cooperation Notice
204
C.
A Notice on Cooperation with Arbitrators?
206
V.
Conflicts of Resolution between Arbitration and Competition Authorities
207
A.
Arbitration and Article 16 Regulation 1/2003
207
B.
Arbitration and National Laws Conferring a Binding Effect on NCAs' Decisions
210
C.
Direct Intervention by the Commission as an Exceptional Corrective Mechanism
211
VI.
The Ultimate Safeguard: the Public Policy Control of Arbitral Awards
213
A.
Eco Swiss
213
B.
The Extent of the Public Policy Control
214
C.
A Proposed Balanced Approach for Review of Arbitral Awards
218
D.
Conclusion
221
I.4.
Beyond the EU
223
10.
Jurisdiction and Choice of Law in International Antitrust Law --- A US Perspective / Ralf Michaels
225
I.
Introduction
225
A.
The Value of a US Perspective
225
B.
Doctrinal Matters
227
II.
Personal Jurisdiction
228
A.
Personal Jurisdiction
228
i.
Targeting
228
ii.
Conspiracy
229
B.
Forum non Conveniens
230
III.
Applicable Law
231
A.
Actions for Monetary Damages
231
i.
Damages Claims as Part of Applicable Antitrust Law
231
ii.
Effects Doctrine
232
iii.
Concentration of Applicable Law
233
iv.
Application of Foreign Law
235
B.
Contract Validity
237
i.
Party Autonomy
238
ii.
Federal Antitrust Law and State Contract Law
238
iii.
US Antitrust Law and Foreign Contract Law
239
iv.
Foreign Antitrust Law and State Contract Law
239
IV.
Conflict-of-Laws Issues in Class Action Certification
240
A.
Jurisdiction Over Non-Resident Class Members
240
B.
Applicable Law
241
C.
Recognition of Foreign Judgments: The Question of Preclusion
243
V.
Conclusion
244
11.
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments / Catherine Kessedjian
245
I.
Introduction
245
II.
Which Model to Choose?
246
A.
The United States
246
B.
The European Union
249
III.
Specific Issues in Competition Law
251
A.
Punitive Damages
252
B.
Administrative Penalties in Addition to Civil Damages
254
C.
Judgment Handed Down After a Collective Action
255
IV.
Conclusion
256
pt. II
INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST LITIGATION -- COORDINATION ISSUES
257
II.1.
Coordination Between Competition Authorities and Courts
257
12.
Access to Evidence and Files of Competition Authorities / Laurence Idot
259
I.
Introduction
259
II.
Access to Evidence in the Context of the European Union
263
A.
Acknowledgement of a Right of Access
263
i.
Disclosure Inter Partes
263
a.
Situation in Positive Law (De Lege Lata)
263
b.
The Proposed Solutions (De Lege Ferenda)
268
ii.
Access to the Competition Authorities' Files
270
a.
Situation in Positive Law (De Lege Lata)
270
b.
Proposed Solutions (De Lege Ferenda)
272
B.
The Limits to the Right of Access
273
i.
Identification of the Limits Accepted in Competition Laws
273
a.
The Rights and Privileges Granted to Undertakings Involved in Administrative Proceedings
273
b.
The Restrictions on the Authorities' Right to Disclose
275
ii.
The Introduction of the International Dimension
276
a.
The Pre-Draft Solutions
277
b.
The Suggested Improvements
278
III.
Access to Evidence in a Truly International Context
279
A.
The Current Situation
280
i.
Access for a Claimant in a Private Action to Evidence Located Abroad
280
a.
The Limits of International Cooperation
281
b.
The Development of Unilateral Application
282
ii.
The Use in Foreign Proceedings of Documents Located in the United States
283
B.
The Possible Means
284
i.
Experience Gained from International Cooperation in Competition Matters
284
ii.
The Lessons to Be Learned from International Cooperation in Matters of Mutual Legal Assistance
286
13.
Exchange of Information and Opinions between European Competition Authorities and Courts -- From a Swedish Perspective / Robert Molden
289
I.
Introduction
289
A.
Introduction to the EU -- Framework of Regulation 1/2003
289
B.
Introduction to Swedish Competition Law Procedure -- The New Swedish Competition Act of 2008
291
II.
The Right of National Courts to Request a Preliminary Ruling from the Court of Justice in Competition Law Cases
293
A.
General Observations on Preliminary Rulings by the Court of Justice
293
B.
Swedish Courts' Requests for a Preliminary Ruling from the European Court of Justice in Competition Law Cases
294
i.
The STIM Case
294
ii.
The TeliaSonera ADSL Case
295
III.
The Right of NCAs and the Commission to Submit Amicus Curiae Observations to National Courts in Competition Law Cases
296
A.
General Points on Amicus Curiae Observations in Competition Law Cases
296
i.
The Garage Gremeau Case
297
ii.
The Case on Tax Deductibility of Commission Fines in the Netherlands
298
iii.
The Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetique Case
299
B.
Amicus Curiae Observations Issued by the SCA to Swedish Courts in Competition Law Cases
300
i.
The Soda-Club Case
300
IV.
The Right of National Courts to Request Opinions from the Commission in Competition Law Cases
301
A.
General Points on Requests of Opinions from the Commission by National Courts in Competition Law Cases
301
B.
Requests for Opinions from the Commission by Swedish Courts in Competition Law Cases
302
i.
The Ystad Harbour Case
302
ii.
The Ekfors Case
303
C.
The Right of Swedish Courts to Request Opinions from the Swedish Competition Authority in Competition Law Cases
304
i.
The SAS v Luftfartsverket Case
305
V.
The Right of National Courts to Request Information from the Commission in Competition Law Cases
306
VI.
The Obligation of Member States to Forward National Judgments on EU Competition Law to the European Commission
307
A.
General Points
307
B.
The Swedish Example: Non-Transparent Provisions
308
C.
The German Example: Transparent Provisions
309
VII.
Why National Courts Are Not Entitled by Regulation 1/2003 to Request Information and Opinions from NCAs -- Proposal to Consider Amending Regulation 1/2003 in this Respect
310
A.
A Puzzling Asymmetry between Articles 15(1) and 15(3)
310
B.
An Overview of the Legislative History of the Coordination Measures Embodied in Article 15 Regulation 1/2003
311
i.
The Obligation to Forward Copies of National Judgments on EU Competition Law to the Commission -- Article 15(2)
311
ii.
The Right of NCAs and the Commission to Submit Amicus Curiae Observations to National Courts -- Article 15(3)
312
iii.
The Right of National Courts to Request Information and Opinions from the Commission -- Article 15(1)
312
C.
Analysis of the Legislative Process
313
14.
Discovery in a Global Economy / Maurice E. Stucke
315
I.
Introduction
315
II.
Litigants Abroad Who Seek Discovery in the US
315
A.
When Does the US Court Have Statutory Authority to Order Discovery Under Section 1782(a)?
316
i.
Who Can Seek Discovery Under Section 1782?
317
ii.
What Foreign Proceedings Qualify Under Section 1782(a)?
318
iii.
When Can an Interested Person Seek Discovery under Section 1782?
319
iv.
What Kind of Discovery Is Available under Section 1782(a)?
320
B.
When Will the US Courts Exercise Their Discretion and Permit Discovery under Section 1782?
321
i.
Is the Person from Whom Discovery Is Sought a Participant in the Foreign Proceeding?
322
ii.
Comity Considerations
323
iii.
Is the Applicant's Discovery Request under Section 1782(a) an Attempt to Circumvent Foreign Proof-Gathering Restrictions or Other Policies of a Foreign Country or the United States?
324
iv.
Is the Discovery Request Unduly Intrusive or Burdensome?
325
III.
When Can Private Litigants in the US Seek Discovery Abroad?
326
A.
Does the US Court Have the Statutory Authority to Order the Requested Discovery?
326
i.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Versus the Hague Convention
327
ii.
Personal Jurisdiction
328
iii.
US Court's Subpoena Power
329
iv.
Seeking Discovery from Multi-National Corporations Operating Through Subsidiaries in Various Countries
329
B.
Should the US Court Exercise Its Discretionary Authority to Compel Production?
331
i.
EC's Leniency Program
331
ii.
Blocking Statutes
333
IV.
Friction from US Discovery
336
A.
Criticisms about the United States' Liberal Discovery Mechanisms for Foreign Litigants
338
B.
Policy Proposals
341
V.
Conclusion
342
II.2.
Coordination Within the European Competition Network
343
15.
The ECN and Coordination of Public Enforcement of EU Law -- Can Lessons Be Learned from International Private Law Jurisdiction Rules and Vice Versa? / Barry J. Rodger
345
I.
Introduction
345
II.
Regulation 1/2003 and the Functioning of the ECN
346
A.
The nature of the ECN
346
B.
ECN Functioning
346
III.
ECN `Case Allocation'
348
A.
The Network Notice
348
B.
2009 Commission Report on Regulation 1/2003
350
C.
Procedures, Sanctions and Inconsistent Outcomes: Divergence and Convergence
351
IV.
Leniency and Concurrency
354
V.
International Private Law and Conflicts of Jurisdiction
356
A.
Introduction
356
B.
Lis Alibi Pendens -- First Come First Served
357
C.
Forum Non Conveniens
358
VI.
Concluding Remarks
360
A.
Lessons from the US?
360
B.
The Private and Public Enforcement Context Compared
360
C.
Case Allocation Methods Compared
361
D.
Mutual Lessons?
362
E.
Future Issues in Case Allocation
363
16.
Regulation 1/2003 (and Beyond): Balancing Effective Enforcement and Due Process in Cross-Border Antitrust Investigations / Damien M.B. Gerard
365
I.
Introduction
365
II.
Issues and Approaches
366
A.
Coordination Issues: Dealing with Diversity and Uncertainty
367
i.
Diversity
368
ii.
Uncertainty
370
B.
Approaches: Managing Diversity to Ensure Legal Certainty
373
i.
Conflictualist Approach
373
ii.
Cumulative Approach
376
a.
The Position of Individuals in Cross-Border Investigations
376
b.
The Kerosene Case
379
c.
The European Courts and Evidence Obtained from Third Countries
380
iii.
Recognition Approach
381
a.
Recital 16 in the Broader Context of Enforcement Cooperation
382
b.
Recital 16 in the Broader Context of the European Integration Process
386
III.
Solution and Recommendations
387
A.
Solution: Successive Application of the Lex Fori Mitigated by the Convergence between National Procedural Enforcement Frameworks
387
i.
Control of Legality
388
ii.
Control of Admissibility
389
B.
Recommendations: Enhance Legal Certainty to Ensure a Proper Balance between Effective Enforcement and Due Process
390
IV.
Concluding Remarks
391
17.
Recognition of Foreign Decisions within the European Competition Network / Jurgen Basedow
393
I.
Introduction: Integration Policy and Recognition
393
II.
The Recognition of an NCA Decision by the NCA of another Member State
395
III.
The Recognition of an NCA Decision in Civil Proceedings of another Member State
396
IV.
The Recognition of Civil Judgments by a Civil Court of a Foreign Member State
398
V.
The Recognition of Civil Judgments by an NCA of a Foreign Member State
399
VI.
The Effect of Recognition
400
VII.
Conclusion
402
Policy Proposals
403
How to apply Articles 5(1) and 5(3) of the Brussels I Regulation to Private Enforcement of Competition Law: a Coherent Approach / Blanca Vila Costa
405
International Cartels and the Place of Acting under Article 5(3) of the Brussels I Regulation / Jurgen Basedow
407
Jurisdiction Issues: Brussels I Regulation Articles 6(1), 23, 27 and 28 in Antitrust Litigation / Michael Wilderspin
409
Rome I and Antitrust Litigation / Stephanie Francq
413
Rome II and Antitrust Litigation / Wolfgang Wurmnest
415
Relevance of the Distinction between the Contractual and Non-Contractual Spheres (Jurisdiction and Applicable Law) / Dominika Lawnicka
419
International Litigation and Competition Law: the Case of Collective Redress / Dimitrios-Panagiotis L. Tzakas
421
Arbitration and EU Competition Law / Assimakis P. Komninos
425
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments / Catherine Kessedjian
427
Access to Evidence and Files of Competition Authorities / Laurence Idot
429
Exchange of Information and Opinions between European Competition Authorities and Courts -- From a Swedish Perspective / Robert Molden
433
The ECN and Coordination of Public Enforcement of EU Law -- Can Lessons Be Learned from International Private Law Jurisdiction Rules and Vice-Versa? / Barry J. Rodger
435
Regulation 1/2003 (and Beyond): Balancing Effective Enforcement and Due Process in Cross-Border Antitrust Investigations / Damien M.B. Gerard
437
Recognition of Foreign Decisions within the European Competition Network / Jurgen Basedow
439
Index
441