Unlocking EU law / Tony Storey and Chris Turner.
2014
KJE947 .S767 2014 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Title
Unlocking EU law / Tony Storey and Chris Turner.
Published
Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2014.
Call Number
KJE947 .S767 2014
Edition
4th edition.
ISBN
9780415747622 (hbk)
0415747627 (hbk)
9781444174199 (pbk)
1444174193 (pbk)
9780203780404 (ebk)
0415747627 (hbk)
9781444174199 (pbk)
1444174193 (pbk)
9780203780404 (ebk)
Description
lxvii, 522 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)812256161
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Variant Title
Unlocking European Union law
Added Author
Table of Contents
Guide to the book
xiii
Acknowledgements
xv
Preface
xvi
List of figures
xvii
Table of cases
xviii
Table of treaty articles and legislation
li
Table of international legislation
lix
Table of equivalents
lxi
1.
The Origins and Character of EU Law
1
1.1.
The origins of and background to the Treaties
1
1.1.1.
The background to the idea of a single Europe
1
1.1.2.
The origins of the Community
3
1.1.3.
The creation of the Treaties
4
1.2.
The basic aims and objectives of EC law and the concept of supranationalism
5
1.3.
The development of the Treaties (from the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty to the Treaty of Nice)
7
1.4.
Enlargement
11
1.5.
The EU Constitution
12
1.5.1.
The Constitutional Treaty
12
1.5.2.
The Reform Treaty (the Lisbon Treaty)
13
1.6.
The future
14
1.6.1.
Enlargement -- nationally
14
1.6.2.
Enlargement -- scope of legislation
15
1.6.3.
Towards full union
15
Further reading
19
2.
The Development From Community To Union
21
2.1.
Introduction
21
2.2.
The Community and the basic legal order
22
2.2.1.
The Community principles
23
2.2.2.
The Community policies
24
2.2.3.
Rules governing the institutions and procedure
25
2.2.4.
The General and Final Provisions
25
2.2.5.
Comment
26
2.3.
The Treaty on European Union
26
2.3.1.
The concept of a European Union
26
2.3.2.
The three-pillar structure of the Union
27
2.4.
The institutional and legal character of the EU
30
Further reading
32
3.
The Political and Legal Institutions of the European Union
33
3.1.
The origins and development of the institutions
33
3.2.
The Council of Ministers and the European Council
36
3.2.1.
The Council
36
3.2.2.
The European Council
39
3.3.
The European Commission
40
3.4.
The European Parliament
42
3.5.
Court of Justice of the European Union (and the General Court)
44
3.5.1.
The Court of Justice
44
3.5.2.
The General Court
46
3.6.
The other major institutions
48
3.6.1.
The Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)
48
3.6.2.
The Court of Auditors
49
3.6.3.
The Economic and Social Committee
49
3.6.4.
The Committee of the Regions
50
3.6.5.
The European Central Bank
50
3.6.6.
The European Investment Bank
50
3.6.7.
The European Ombudsman
50
Sample essay question
51
Further reading
54
4.
The Sources of EU Law
55
4.1.
Primary sources -- the Treaties
56
4.1.1.
The importance of the Treaties
56
4.1.2.
The Treaty for the Functioning of the European Union (incorporating the EC Treaty and the TEU)
57
4.2.
Secondary sources -- legislation under Article 288
58
4.2.1.
Introduction
58
4.2.2.
The different types of secondary legislation
58
4.3.
Tertiary sources
62
4.3.1.
The case law of the CJEU (formerly the ECJ)
62
4.3.2.
General principles of law
63
4.3.3.
Other tertiary sources
69
Sample essay question
70
Further reading
73
5.
The Legislative Process
75
5.1.
The role of the institutions
75
5.2.
The ordinary legislative procedure (formerly the co-decision procedure)
77
5.3.
Special legislative procedure (previously consultation)
80
Further reading
83
6.
Enforcement of EU Law (Through `Direct' and `Indirect' Actions)
85
6.1.
The nature and purpose of enforcement
85
6.2.
Indirect actions -- Article 258 infringement proceedings against Member States
86
6.2.1.
Actions against Member States under Articles 258 and 259
86
6.2.2.
Actions by the Commission under Article 258
87
6.2.3.
Actions by other Member States under Article 259
90
6.3.
Direct actions against EU institutions
91
6.3.1.
Article 263 TFEU actions against EU institutions for exceeding powers
91
6.3.2.
Article 265 actions against institutions for a failure to act
96
6.3.3.
Article 340 TFEU actions against institutions for damages
98
Sample essay question
103
Further reading
104
7.
Article 267 TFEU and The Preliminary Reference Procedure
105
7.1.
The relation with Member States
106
7.2.
The character of the reference procedure
107
7.2.1.
References seeking interpretation of EU law
107
7.2.2.
References challenging validity of EU law
109
7.2.3.
`Docket control': inadmissible references
110
7.3.
The meaning of `court' or `tribunal'
112
7.3.1.
The Dorsch Consult factors
112
7.3.2.
`Independence'
114
7.4.
The discretionary reference procedure
116
7.5.
The mandatory reference procedure
117
7.5.1.
Introduction
117
7.5.2.
Mandatory references and hypothetical questions
118
7.5.3.
Mandatory references and previous rulings
118
7.5.4.
Mandatory references and acte clair
119
7.5.5.
Acte clair and the courts in the UK
120
7.5.6.
Academic reaction to acte clair
121
7.6.
Reform of the preliminary reference procedure
122
7.6.1.
Conferral of jurisdiction on the General Court
123
7.6.2.
The urgent preliminary ruling procedure
124
7.6.3.
Other reform proposals
125
Sample essay question
127
Further reading
130
8.
The Relationship Between EU Law and National Law -- Supremacy
131
8.1.
The origins of supremacy and the link with supranationalism
131
8.1.1.
The basic meaning of `supremacy'
131
8.1.2.
The reasons for a doctrine of supremacy
132
8.2.
The development of a doctrine of supremacy
133
8.2.1.
The early definitions of `supremacy'
133
8.2.2.
The wider application of the doctrine of supremacy
135
8.2.3.
The extreme consequences of a doctrine of supremacy
137
8.3.
Supremacy and the UK
138
8.3.1.
UK membership of the European Union
140
8.3.2.
The attitude of English judges
140
8.3.3.
The European Union Act 2011
143
8.4.
Supremacy and other Member States
144
8.4.1.
Belgium and supremacy of EU law
144
8.4.2.
France and supremacy of EU law
145
8.4.3.
Italy and supremacy of EU law
145
8.4.4.
Germany and supremacy of EU law
146
Sample essay question
148
Further reading
149
9.
The Relationship Between EU Law and National Law -- Direct Effect
151
9.1.
Introduction
151
9.2.
The concept of direct effect
153
9.2.1.
The origins of direct effect
153
9.2.2.
The criteria for direct effect
155
9.2.3.
Vertical direct effect and horizontal direct effect
155
9.3.
The application of direct effect
157
9.3.1.
Direct effect and Treaty Articles
158
9.3.2.
Direct effect and Regulations
158
9.3.3.
Direct effect and Decisions
159
9.4.
The problem of enforceability of Directives
160
9.4.1.
Direct effect and Directives
160
9.4.2.
Indirect effect
167
9.4.3.
State liability for breach of EU law obligations
169
9.4.4.
`Incidental' horizontal effect
173
Sample essay question
178
Further reading
179
10.
The Internal Market
181
10.1.
The aims of the Internal Market
181
10.2.
The `Four Freedoms'
182
10.2.1.
Common features
182
10.2.2.
The free movement of capital
183
10.2.3.
The relationship between `services' and `goods'
187
10.2.4.
The relationship between `capital' and `goods'
189
Further reading
191
11.
Citizenship of The Union
193
11.1.
Introduction
193
11.2.
Nationality requirements: Article 20 TFEU
193
11.3.
Citizens' rights of free movement and residence: Article 21(1) TFEU
195
11.4.
Citizens' rights of exit, entry and residence: Directive 2004/38
205
11.4.1.
Rights of exit: Article 4
205
11.4.2.
Rights of entry: Article 5
206
11.4.3.
Rights of residence for up to three months: Article 6
206
11.4.4.
Rights of residence for more than three months: Article 7
206
11.4.5.
Registration: Articles 8--11
207
11.4.6.
Effect of death or departure of the citizen: Article 12
208
11.4.7.
Effect of divorce, annulment of marriage or termination of registered partnership: Article 13
208
11.4.8.
Retention of residence rights: Article 14
208
11.4.9.
Right of permanent residence: Articles 16--21
209
11.4.10.
Territorial restrictions: Article 22
211
11.4.11.
Equal treatment: Article 24
212
11.5.
The rights of a citizen's family members and Directive 2004/38
212
11.5.1.
The scope of the citizen's family: Article 2
212
11.5.2.
Other family members and partners in a durable relationship: Article 3(2)
219
11.5.3.
The concept of `primary carer'
221
11.5.4.
Rights to employment: Article 23
224
11.6.
Limitations on free movement -- the derogations in Directive 2004/38
225
11.6.1.
Scope of the derogations
226
11.6.2.
`Public policy'
227
11.6.3.
`Public security'
229
11.6.4.
`Public health'
230
11.6.5.
`Proportionality'
230
11.6.6.
`Personal conduct'
231
11.6.7.
Excluded situations
234
11.6.8.
Procedural safeguards
236
11.6.9.
Application to Member States' own nationals
241
11.7.
Citizens' political rights: Articles 22--25 TFEU
242
Sample essay questions
245
Further reading
248
12.
The Free Movement of Workers
249
12.1.
The objectives of Article 45 TFEU
250
12.2.
The scope of Article 45
251
12.3.
The definition of `worker'
253
12.3.1.
Part-time and low-paid employees
254
12.3.2.
Trainees
256
12.3.3.
Work-seekers
257
12.3.4.
The previously employed
259
12.3.5.
Frontier workers
259
12.4.
Equality in social and welfare provisions and Regulation 492/2011
260
12.4.1.
Eligibility for employment: Articles 3 and 4
260
12.4.2.
Article 7(1) -- prohibition of discrimination in employment
261
12.4.3.
Article 7(2) -- `social and tax advantages'
263
12.4.4.
Article 10 -- access for worker's children to education
269
12.5.
Purely internal situations
273
12.5.1.
Workers and the `purely internal' rule
273
12.5.2.
Workers' family and the `purely internal' rule
274
12.5.3.
Exceptions to the `purely internal' rule
274
12.5.4.
Circumventing the `purely internal' rule
277
12.6.
The public service exemption and Article 45(4) TFEU
278
12.7.
Justification for non-discriminatory rules
280
12.8.
Free movement of workers and professional sport
282
12.8.1.
Introduction
282
12.8.2.
Using EU law to challenge transfer restrictions
283
12.8.3.
Using EU law to challenge other sporting rules
284
Sample essay question
288
Further reading
291
13.
Freedom of Establishment and The Freedom to Provide and Receive Services Under Articles 49 and 56 TFEU
293
13.1.
Freedom of establishment and Article 49 TFEU
294
13.1.1.
The scope of Article 49 TFEU
294
13.1.2.
Rights of entry and residence and Directive 2004/38
295
13.2.
The problem of qualifications
296
13.2.1.
The law prior to 2007
296
13.2.2.
The Qualifications Directive 2005/36
296
13.2.3.
Obligation to assess equivalence
306
13.2.4.
Qualifications obtained outside the EU
309
13.3.
The freedom to provide services under Article 56 TFEU
311
13.3.1.
`Services'
311
13.3.2.
`Freedom to provide services'
311
13.3.3.
`Remuneration'
313
13.3.4.
What if the `service' is illegal?
314
13.3.5.
The scope of `cross-border' services
315
13.4.
Distinguishing establishment and services
316
13.5.
The freedom to receive services
317
13.6.
The `official authority' derogation in Article 51 TFEU
319
13.7.
Derogation on grounds of public policy, public security or public health in Article 52 TFEU
320
13.8.
Justification for non-discriminatory rules
322
13.9.
The free movement of lawyers
330
13.9.1.
Freedom of establishment under Article 49 TFEU
330
13.9.2.
The Lawyers' Establishment Directive 98/5
332
13.9.3.
The Lawyers' Services Directive 77/249
333
Sample essay question
334
Further reading
337
14.
The Free Movement of Goods and Articles 34 and 35 TFEU
339
14.1.
The removal of non-fiscal barriers to trade
339
14.2.
Prohibition of quantitative restrictions on imports -- Article 34 and exports -- Article 35 and all measures having equivalent effect
340
14.2.1.
Introduction
340
14.2.2.
Direct effect of Articles 34 and 35
340
14.2.3.
Scope of Articles 34 and 35
340
14.3.
The definition of `quantitative restrictions'
341
14.4.
Defining `measures equivalent to quantitative restrictions' (MEQRs) in Article 34: the Dassonville formula
342
14.4.1.
Distinctly applicable MEQRs
343
14.4.2.
Indistinctly applicable MEQRs
344
14.5.
Article 36 and the derogations from Articles 34 and 35
348
14.5.1.
The grounds under Article 36
348
14.5.2.
The second sentence of Article 36
354
14.5.3.
Article 36 and harmonising Directives
356
14.6.
The effects of the Cassis de Dijon principle
357
14.6.1.
Introduction
357
14.6.2.
The `mandatory requirements'
358
14.6.3.
Application to `indistinctly applicable' measures only?
366
14.7.
General rules concerning derogations: proportionality and mutual recognition
368
14.7.1.
Proportionality
368
14.7.2.
Mutual recognition
369
14.8.
The divisions in Keck and Mithouard: `Selling arrangements'
371
14.8.1.
Introduction
371
14.8.2.
Examples of selling arrangements
373
14.8.3.
Failure to satisfy the conditions in Keck and Mithouard
375
14.8.4.
Academic reaction to Keck and Mithouard
377
14.9.
Article 35 and exports
379
14.9.1.
`Distinctly applicable' rules
379
14.9.2.
`Indistinctly applicable' rules
380
Sample essay question
382
Further reading
386
15.
Article 28 TFEU and Customs Tariffs and Article 110 TFEU and Discriminatory Internal Taxation
387
15.1.
The Common Customs Policy
387
15.2.
Article 30 and prohibition of Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect
388
15.2.1.
Introduction
388
15.2.2.
Derogations from Article 30
389
15.2.3.
Repayment of illegal duties and charges
389
15.3.
The Common Customs Tariff
390
15.4.
Article 110 and the prohibition of discriminatory internal taxation
390
15.4.1.
The scope of Article 110
390
15.4.2.
Distinguishing Customs duties and taxes
392
15.4.3.
Discrimination against imports: Article 110(1)
393
15.4.4.
Indirect protection of domestic products: Article 110(2)
396
Sample essay question
397
Further reading
399
16.
EU Competition Law
401
16.1.
The basis of EU competition law
401
16.1.1.
The purpose of competition law
401
16.1.2.
The character of competition law
403
16.2.
Article 101 and provisions on restrictive practices
404
16.2.1.
The scope of Article 101
404
16.2.2.
The concept of `undertaking'
405
16.2.3.
The character of prohibited agreements
406
16.2.4.
The effect on trade between Member States
409
16.2.5.
The object or effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition
410
16.2.6.
Exemptions
412
16.3.
Article 102 and abuse of a dominant position
416
16.3.1.
The concept of abuse of a dominant position
416
16.3.2.
The concept of `undertaking'
417
16.3.3.
The definition of `dominance'
417
16.3.4.
The relevant market
419
16.3.5.
Calculation of market share
424
16.3.6.
The character of abuse
425
16.3.7.
Affecting trade between Member States
426
16.3.8.
Exemptions
426
16.4.
Merger control
426
16.4.1.
Merger control under Articles 101 and 102
426
16.4.2.
Merger control under Regulation 4064/89
428
16.4.3.
Procedure
429
16.4.4.
Reform of procedures on merger control
429
16.5.
Enforcement procedures and remedies in EU competition law
430
16.5.1.
Introduction
430
16.5.2.
The Commission and enforcement of competition law
431
16.5.3.
Enforcement of competition law by national authorities
432
Sample essay question
436
Further reading
437
17.
Social Policy
439
17.1.
Introduction
439
17.2.
Safety and health of workers at work: Directive 89/391
440
17.3.
Safety and health at work of pregnant workers: Directive 92/85
440
17.3.1.
Personal scope
441
17.3.2.
Material scope
441
17.4.
Protection of young workers: Directive 94/33
444
17.4.1.
Work by children
444
17.4.2.
Work by adolescents
445
17.4.3.
Work by young people
445
17.4.4.
Derogations
445
17.4.5.
Working time and night work
446
17.5.
Parental leave: Directive 96/34
446
17.6.
Protection for part-time workers: Directive 97/81
447
17.7.
Protection for fixed-term workers: Directive 1999/70
447
17.8.
Working time: Directive 2003/88
447
17.8.1.
Rest periods: Article 3
448
17.8.2.
Maximum weekly working time: Article 6(2)
449
17.8.3.
Annual leave: Article 7
450
17.8.4.
Night work: Article 8
454
17.8.5.
Derogations
454
Sample essay question
456
Further reading
458
18.
Discrimination Law and Article 157
459
18.1.
Introduction
459
18.2.
`Discrimination'
460
18.2.1.
`Direct discrimination'
460
18.2.2.
`Indirect discrimination'
460
18.2.3.
Discrimination based on `sex'
460
18.2.4.
Harassment
461
18.3.
Article 157 TFEU and equal pay
461
18.3.1.
The definition of `pay'
463
18.3.2.
Equal work or work of equal value
464
18.4.
Equal Treatment for men and women in employment -- Directive 2006/54
467
18.4.1.
Access to employment and vocational training: Article 14(1)(a) and (b)
468
18.4.2.
Employment and working conditions, including dismissals: Article 14(1)(c)
468
18.4.3.
Derogations
469
18.4.4.
Reversed burden of proof
470
18.5.
Justifications for indirect discrimination
471
18.5.1.
`A real need on the part of the undertaking'
471
18.5.2.
Rejected examples of `real needs'
471
18.6.
Positive action and positive discrimination
472
18.6.1.
Positive action
472
18.6.2.
Positive discrimination
473
18.7.
Pregnancy
474
18.7.1.
Maternity pay and related issues
475
18.7.2.
Refusal to employ a woman on grounds of pregnancy
475
18.7.3.
Dismissal from employment on grounds of pregnancy
476
18.7.4.
Dismissal from employment on grounds of pregnancy-related illness
477
18.7.5.
Discrimination in conditions of employment
478
18.8.
Equal treatment in matters of social security: Directive 79/7
479
18.8.1.
Personal scope
479
18.8.2.
Material scope
480
18.8.3.
The principle of equal treatment
481
18.8.4.
Derogation regarding `the determination of pensionable age'
482
18.9.
Equal treatment for self-employed persons: Directive 86/613
482
18.9.1.
Personal scope
482
18.9.2.
Material scope
483
18.10.
Equal treatment on grounds of sex in access to and supply of goods and services: Directive 2004/113
483
18.11.
Beyond sex: the EU's new anti-discrimination agenda
484
18.11.1.
Common elements
484
18.11.2.
Race and ethnic origin
488
18.11.3.
The Framework Directive
489
Sample essay question
497
Further reading
501
19.
The Wider Social Influence of The EU
503
19.1.
Protection of consumers
504
19.2.
Environmental protection
507
19.3.
Transport
509
19.4.
Research and technological development
510
19.5.
Education
510
19.6.
Public health
511
Further reading
513
Index
514