European migration law / Pieter Boeles, Maarten Den Heijer, Gerrie Lodder, Kees Wouters.
2014
KJE6044 .E953 2014 (Map It)
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Details
Title
European migration law / Pieter Boeles, Maarten Den Heijer, Gerrie Lodder, Kees Wouters.
Published
Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Portland, OR : Intersentia, [2014]
Call Number
KJE6044 .E953 2014
Edition
2nd edition.
ISBN
9781780681559 (hardback)
1780681550 (hardback)
9781780682532 (paperback)
1780682530 (paperback)
1780681550 (hardback)
9781780682532 (paperback)
1780682530 (paperback)
Description
xxi, 455 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)882277328
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Other Editions
Revision of: European migration law Antwerp : Intersentia, c2009
Record Appears in
Added Author
Added Corporate Author
Table of Contents
Series Preface
v
Preface to the Second Edition
ix
Contents - Summary
xi
Part I. Introduction
1.
Introduction
3
1.1.
General Remarks
3
1.1.1.
Outline
3
1.1.2.
Voluntary and Forced Migration
3
1.1.3.
Structure of the Book
4
1.2.
Basic Concepts of Migration Law
5
1.2.1.
What is Migration?
5
1.2.2.
State, Territory and Borders
6
1.2.3.
Nationality
8
1.2.4.
Statelessness
12
1.2.5.
State Sovereignty and Immigration Control
14
1.2.6.
The Position of Individuals Under International Law
16
1.2.7.
Discrimination and Distinction according to Nationality in Migration Law
19
1.3.
The Multi-Level Structure of European Migration Law
21
1.3.1.
Sources of European Migration Law
21
1.3.2.
The Relationship between National Law and Human Rights Treaties
22
1.3.3.
The Relationship between National Law and EU Law
23
1.3.4.
The Relationship between the ECHR and the EU
24
1.4.
European Migration: a Brief Historic Survey
25
1.4.1.
A Concise History of European Migration
25
1.4.2.
The Formation of European Migration Law
28
1.5.
EU Citizens and Third-Country Nationals: the Development of Movement of Persons in the EU
30
1.5.1.
Movement of Persons in the EU: an Ongoing Development with Ups and Downs
30
1.5.2.
Free Movement of the Market Citizen
30
1.5.3.
Intergovernmental Cooperation relating to Immigrants from Third Countries: Schengen and Dublin
32
1.5.4.
The Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam and Lisbon
34
1.5.5.
EU Citizens and Third-Country Nationals: Refining the Distinction
36
1.6.
The System of Entry, Residence and Return Under Union Law
37
1.6.1.
Introduction
37
1.6.2.
Entry into the Schengen Area
38
1.6.3.
Residence Rights
38
1.6.4.
Border Control and Internal Control Mechanisms
41
1.6.5.
Individual Control Measures: Expulsion, Detention, Entry Bans
41
1.7.
The Elementary Significance of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
42
1.7.1.
The Charter and Its Scope of Application
42
1.7.2.
Choosing between ECHR and Charter
44
Part II. Voluntary Migration
2.
Free Movement Of EU Citizens And Members Of Their Family
49
2.1.
Introduction
49
2.1.1.
Three Levels
49
2.1.2.
Reverse Order of Desciption
51
2.2.
The Citizens' Directive
51
2.2.1.
Right of Residence
51
2.2.2.
Family Members
52
2.2.3.
Administrative Formalities
55
2.2.4.
Termination of Residence
56
2.2.5.
Expulsion
57
2.2.6.
Prohibition to Leave
60
2.2.7.
Exclusion
61
2.2.8.
Procedural Safeguards
62
2.2.9.
Abuse of Rights
63
2.3.
Treaty Freedoms
65
2.3.1.
Free Movement Rights in the Case Law of the Court of Justice
65
2.3.2.
General Approach of the Court
66
2.3.3.
Free Movement of Workers
67
2.3.4.
Freedom of Establishment
69
2.3.5.
Freedom to Provide and Receive Services
70
2.3.6.
Posting of Workers Directive and Services Directive
72
2.3.7.
Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Nationality
73
2.3.8.
Rights of Family Members
74
2.3.9.
Strictly Internal Situations
79
2.4.
Union Citizenship
82
2.4.1.
The Fundamental Status of Union Citizenship
82
2.4.2.
Union Citizenship and the Deprivation of Nationality
83
2.4.3.
Union Citizenship and Residence Rights in Other Member States
84
2.4.4.
Union Citizenship and a Right to Equal Treatment concerning Social Assistance in Other Member States
87
2.4.5.
Union Citizenship and National Migration Law of the Member States
90
2.5.
Final Remarks
95
Further Reading
96
3.
Residence Rights Of Turkish Nationals Under The Association Agreement
97
3.1.
Association and Cooperation Treaties
97
3.1.1.
Introduction
97
3.1.2.
Migration Aspects of Association and Cooperation Treaties
97
3.1.3.
The European Economic Area and the Association with Switzerland
98
3.1.4.
Cooperation with Mediterranean Countries
99
3.1.5.
Europe Agreements
100
3.2.
The Association Treaty with Turkey
101
3.3.
Workers
104
3.3.1.
Gradual Access of Turkish Workers to the Labour Market
104
3.3.2.
'Worker'
104
3.3.3.
'Being Duly Registered as Belonging to the Labour Force'
105
3.3.4.
'Legal Employment'
106
3.3.5.
Termination of the Residence Right of a Worker
108
3.3.6.
Ceasing to Belong to the Labour Force
109
3.3.7.
Exceptions of Public Policy, Public Security and Public Health
111
3.4.
Family Members
112
3.4.1.
Rights of Family Members
112
3.4.2.
Independent Rights to Residence for Family Members
113
3.4.3.
Period of Legal Residence with a Turkish Worker
114
3.4.4.
Vocational Training
115
3.4.5.
Termination of Residence Rights of Family Members
116
3.5.
Standstill Clauses
118
3.5.1.
Impact of the Standstill Clauses
118
3.5.2.
The Standstill Clause of Article 41(1) Additional Protocol and the Rights of Self-Employed Turkish Nationals
120
3.5.3.
The Standstill Clause of Article 13 Decision 1/80
123
3.6.
Final Remarks
125
Further Reading
126
4.
Movement And Residence Rights Of Third-Country Nationals
127
4.1.
Introduction, Scope
127
4.2.
Family Reunification
129
4.2.1.
Introduction
129
4.2.2.
History
130
4.2.3.
Scope and Definitions
132
4.2.4.
The Sponsor
133
4.2.5.
Optional Conditions relating to the Sponsor
134
4.2.6.
Family Members Eligible for Family Reunification
136
4.2.7.
Optional Derogations relating to Children
137
4.2.8.
Optional Categories of Eligible Family Members
138
4.2.9.
Conditions for the Exercise of the Right to Family Reunification
140
4.2.10.
Public Policy, Public Security and Public Health
140
4.2.11.
Housing, Health Insurance, Means of Subsistence
142
4.2.12.
Integration Measures
143
4.2.13.
Grounds for Refusal, Non-Extension and Withdrawal
145
4.2.14.
Submission and Examination of the Application
147
4.2.15.
Access to Work and Education
149
4.2.16.
Autonomous Right of Residence
150
4.2.17.
Family Reunification of Refugees
151
4.2.18.
Family Reunification: Final Remarks
153
4.3.
Workers, Students and Researchers from Third Countries
154
4.3.1.
Introduction
154
4.3.2.
The Blue Card Directive
158
4.3.3.
Conditions, Procedure for Blue Card Applicants
160
4.3.4.
Rights of Blue Card Holders
162
4.3.5.
Family Members of Blue Card Holders
165
4.4.
The Researchers Directive
166
4.4.1.
Mobility Between Member States
168
4.4.2.
Additional Rights
168
4.5.
The Students Directive
169
4.5.1.
Mobility Between Member States
172
4.6.
The Single Application Procedures Directive
173
4.6.1.
Single Application Procedure, Permit
174
4.6.2.
Equal Rights
175
4.7.
Long-Term Residence
176
4.7.1.
Introduction
176
4.7.2.
History
177
4.7.3.
Scope
178
4.7.4.
Requirements for Long-Term Residence Status in the First Member State
181
4.7.5.
Equal Treatment in the First Member State
183
4.7.6.
Protection against Expulsion for Reasons of Public Order and Public Security in the First Member State
186
4.7.7.
Withdrawal and Loss of the Status in the First Member State
189
4.7.8.
Residence Rights in Other Member States
190
4.7.9.
Protection against Expulsion for Reasons of Public Order and Public Security in the Other Member State
193
4.7.10.
Withdrawal and Loss of Residence Permit in the Other Member State
194
4.7.11.
Family Members
194
4.7.12.
The Rights of the Long-Term Resident Under the Directive put in Perspective
196
4.7.13.
Long-Term Residence: Final Remarks
197
Further Reading
197
5.
Family Reunification And Protection Of Settled Migrants Under Article 8 ECHR
199
5.1.
Introduction
199
5.2.
Other Relevant Human Rights Sources
201
5.3.
Respect for Family Life Under Article 8 ECHR - Positive and Negative Obligations
202
5.4.
Family Life
204
5.5.
Private Life
207
5.6.
Interferences and Justifications
209
5.7.
Termination of Lawful Residence After Divorce or Separation when a Child is Involved
211
5.8.
Childrens' Interests and the Weight of Illegal or Fraudulent Stay
212
5.9.
Termination of Lawful Residence on Grounds of Public Order
215
5.10.
State Obligations to Accept New Immigrants to Reside for Reasons of Family Life
223
5.11.
Is there a Nationality-Linked Right to Live with One's Family in One's Own Country?
229
5.12.
Sufficient Means of Subsistence
232
5.13.
Non-Discrimination Within the Ambit of Family Life
234
5.14.
Concluding Remarks
240
Further Reading
240
Part III. Forced Migration
6.
The Common EU Asylum System
243
6.1.
Asylum in International Law
243
6.2.
The Harmonisation of EU Asylum Law
245
6.2.1.
Towards Harmonisation of Asylum Policies
246
6.2.2.
Legal Basis and Scope of the Common European Asylum System
250
6.2.3.
Overview of Secondary Asylum Legislation
253
6.2.4.
The Interrelated Character of the Regulation and the Directives
254
6.3.
Dublin Regulation
257
6.3.1.
The Allocation Criteria
258
6.3.2.
The Obligation to be a Safe State
260
6.3.3.
The Humanitarian and Discretionary Clauses
261
6.3.4.
Procedural and Administrative Principles: Taking Charge and Taking Back
263
6.3.5.
Eurodac: Fingerprints for Dublin
264
6.3.6.
Notes on the Dublin system
265
6.4.
Reception Conditions Directive
267
6.4.1.
Reception Conditions
269
6.4.2.
Detention of Asylum Seekers
271
6.4.3.
Reduction and Withdrawal of Reception Conditions
273
6.4.4.
Notes on the Reception Conditions Directive
274
6.5.
The Procedures Directive
275
6.5.1.
The Right to a Fair Asylum Procedure
276
6.5.2.
Basic Principles and Guarantees
278
6.5.3.
Procedures at First Instance
279
6.5.4.
Withdrawal and Appeals Procedures
284
6.5.5.
Notes on the Procedures Directive
285
6.6.
The Temporary Protection Directive
286
6.7.
Practical Cooperation and Burden Sharing
288
6.7.1.
The European Asylum Support Office
288
6.7.2.
Financial Burden Sharing
290
Further Reading
291
7.
Refugee Protection
293
7.1.
Introduction
293
7.2.
Background to the Refugee Convention
295
7.3.
The Definition of a Refugee
297
7.3.1.
General Observations
298
7.3.2.
Well-Founded Fear
299
7.3.3.
Acts of Persecution
300
7.3.4.
Reasons for Persecution
303
7.3.5.
Connection Between Acts of Persecution and the Reasons for Persecution
306
7.3.6.
People Fleeing Armed Conflict
307
7.4.
Common Criteria for International Protection
309
7.4.1.
International Protection 'Sur Place'
309
7.4.2.
Actors of Persecution and Serious Harm and Actors of Protection
311
7.4.3.
Internal Protection
313
7.5.
Evidence, Proof and the Benefit of Doubt
314
7.5.1.
The Burden of Proof
315
7.5.2.
Evidence
317
7.5.3.
The Benefit of the Doubt
318
7.6.
Exclusion, Cessation and Ending of Refugee Status
320
7.6.1.
Cessation Under Article 1C
321
7.6.2.
Exclusion Under Article 1D
324
7.6.3.
Exclusion Under Article 1E
326
7.6.4.
Exclusion Under Article 1F
327
7.6.5.
Denial and Termination of Refugee Status
334
7.7.
Content of Refugee Status
336
Further Reading
340
8.
Subsidiary Protection
341
8.1.
Introduction
341
8.2.
Non-Refoulement in Human Rights Law
343
8.3.
Qualification for Subsidiary Protection
347
8.3.1.
Real Risk
348
8.3.2.
Serious Harm
353
8.4.
Diplomatic Assurances
360
8.5.
Cessation, Exclusion and Ending of Subsidiary Protection
363
8.5.1.
Cessation of Subsidiary Protection
364
8.5.2.
Exclusion from Subsidiary Protection
365
8.5.3.
Denial and Termination of Subsidiary Protection
366
8.5.4.
Absolute Character of the Prohibition of Refoulement
366
8.6.
Content of Subsidiary Protection
369
Further Reading
371
Part IV. Enforcement And Procedural Protection
9.
External Border Controls, Visas And Expulsion Measures
375
9.1.
Introduction
375
9.1.1.
General Remarks
375
9.1.2.
Structure of the Chapter
376
9.2.
Border Controls
377
9.2.1.
Abolition of Controls at the Internal Borders
377
9.2.2.
Entry: the Schengen Borders Code
378
9.2.3.
Entry Conditions Under the Schengen Borders Code
378
9.3.
Visas
380
9.3.1.
Visas: Short-Term and Long-Term Visas
380
9.3.2.
Visas: the Schengen Visa
381
9.3.3.
Conditions for Obtaining a Schengen Visa
382
9.3.4.
Visas: the Legal Character of Short-Term Stay
383
9.4.
Return and Removal
385
9.4.1.
The Returns Directive
385
9.4.2.
Returns Directive: What is not Covered?
387
9.4.3.
The Return Decision as the Basis of the Returning Procedure
391
9.4.4.
Voluntary Return and Removal
393
9.4.5.
Detention
394
9.4.6.
Detention Conditions Under the Returns Directive
396
9.4.7.
Detention: Unforeseen Situations
397
9.5.
Employers' Sanctions
397
9.5.1.
The Employers' Sanctions Directive
397
9.5.2.
Sanctions
399
9.5.3.
Rights of Employees
400
9.6.
Exclusion
402
9.6.1.
Listing in the SIS and Entry Ban
402
9.6.2.
Conditions for Entering an Alert in the SIS II and for Issuing an Entry Ban Under the Returns Directive
403
9.7.
Data Storage
405
9.8.
Operational Cooperation
408
Further Reading
410
10.
Procedural Guarantees For Migrating Individuals
411
10.1.
Introduction
411
10.2.
The Charter of Fundamental Rights
412
10.2.1.
The Charter and the Principles
412
10.2.2.
Article 47 of the Charter
413
10.2.3.
The Right to Good Administration
415
10.3.
Effective Procedural Protection in EU Migration Law
417
10.3.1.
Introduction
417
10.3.2.
Union Citizens and Third-Country Nationals
417
10.4.
Entry Procedures
418
10.4.1.
Introduction
418
10.4.2.
Visa Code
418
10.4.3.
Schengen Borders Code
419
10.5.
Procedures Applying for Legal Stay
421
10.5.1.
Introduction
421
10.5.2.
Voluntary Migration
422
10.5.3.
Asylum
423
10.6.
Expulsion Procedures
426
10.6.1.
Introduction
426
10.6.2.
Good Administration on Expulsion Under the ECHR
427
10.6.3.
Judicial Review of Expulsion Under the ECHR
430
10.7.
Detention Procedures
431
10.8.
Entry Ban and SIS-Alert
434
10.9.
Final Remarks
437
Further Reading
437
List of Cases
439
Index
449
About the authors
455