Environmental democracy and law : public participation in Europe / edited by Gyula Bándi.
2014
KJC6242 .E58 2014 (Map It)
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Details
Title
Environmental democracy and law : public participation in Europe / edited by Gyula Bándi.
Published
Groningen ; Amsterdam : Europa Law Publishing, 2014.
Call Number
KJC6242 .E58 2014
ISBN
9789089521491
9089521496
9089521496
Description
xix, 397 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)862102752
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 354-397).
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
v
Contents
vii
Authors
xvi
ch. 1
Introduction into the Concept of 'Environmental Democracy' / Gyula Bandi
1.
The Definition of Environmental Democracy and its Constituents
3
2.
The Collective or 'Community' Dimension
8
3.
Common Concern of Humanity
9
4.
Common Heritage
11
5.
Common Good
13
6.
Subsidiarity
14
7.
Environmental Justice
16
8.
Different Practical Rationales of Public Participation
18
ch. 2
Theoretical Foundations of Public Participation in Administrative Decision-Making / Gerd Winter
1.
Problems of Public Participation
23
2.
Theoretical Backgrounds for Public Participation
25
3.
Choosing a Theory and Deriving Solutions for Public Participation
30
4.
Denationalisation of Administrative Decision-Making and Public Participation
32
4.1.
Participation in EU Administrative Procedures
32
4.2.
International and Transnational Spheres
33
ch. 3
The Three Pillars of Environmental Democracy in a European Perspective / Gyula Bandi
1.
European Environmental Policy and Environmental Democracy
39
2.
European Legislation and Jurisdiction - A Demonstration
45
3.
Participation in Decision-Making
55
4.
Access to Justice
61
ch. 4
Right to Environment -- Procedural Guarantees / Gyula Bandi
1.
Right to Environment -- Procedural Guarantees
79
2.
Summary
93
ch. 5
Public Participation -- Human Right or an Instrument of International Administrative Law / Marcel Szabo
1.
Historical and International Law Origins of Public Participation
97
2.
The Direct Antecedents of the International Rules on Public Participation
98
3.
Theoretical Issues Related to the International Rules of Public Participation
101
3.1.
Public Participation is One of the Cornerstones of International Human Rights
102
4.
The Current Best Practices of Public Participation and their Critique
103
4.1.
The Union Implementation of the Aarhus Convention -Strengths and Weaknesses
103
4.2.
The North-American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC)
105
4.3.
The Rules of Public Participation in Other Parts of the World
106
5.
The Way Forward: Transboundary Public Participation
108
5.1.
The Possibilities of Private Persons for Transnational Public Participation
108
5.1.1.
Private Litigation
108
5.1.2.
Civil Participation in Consultative Bodies
109
5.1.3.
Civil Action Related to the Financing Activity of Banks
109
6.
En Route to Implementation of International Agreements on Environmental Protection and the Enforcement of International Environmental Law
110
6.1.
Participation of NGOs in the Implementation of International Conventions
110
6.3.
Environmental Civil Society Organisations Before the Courts: Amicus Curiae Briefs
111
7.
Conclusion
112
ch. 6
Public Participation under Article 6 of the Aarhus Convention. Role in Tiered Decision-Making and Scope of Application / Jerzy Jendroska
1.
Article 6 and its Role in the Second Pillar of the Convention
115
2.
Decisions under Article 6 and Decisions under Articles 7 and 8 of the Convention
116
3.
The Requirement for "Early Public Participation", the Concept of Tiered Decision-Making and the "Zero" Option
118
4.
Legal Nature of Decisions under Article 6
122
5.
Application of Article 6 to Multiple Decision-Making
124
6.
Activities Covered by Article 6(I) (a)
131
7.
Activities Covered by Article 6(I)(b)
132
8.
Reconsiderations and Updates under Article 6 Paragraph 10
135
ch. 7
Implementation of Public Participation Principles. Experience of the EU / Eva Kruzikova
1.
Introduction
141
2.
EU Implementing Measures
141
2.1.
Access to Information (First Pillar)
142
2.2.
Access to Justice (Third Pillar)
144
3.
Regulation 1367/2006 (Aarhus Regulation), Title IV
149
ch. 8
Clarification and Networking. Methodology for an Institution Representing Future Generations / Sandor Fulop
1.
Introduction
155
2.
The Challenges
156
3.
The Real Challenges
158
4.
Experiences of the Hungarian FG Institution
161
5.
Experiences that Could be Generalised
165
6.
Law as a Tool in the Hands of the Future Generations
171
ch. 9
Problems and Questions of Public Interest Environmental Litigation in Hungary and in the EU / Csaba Kiss
1.
Definition of the Topic Area
175
1.1.
What are these Layers or Fields?
175
1.2.
What is the Essence of Public Interest Litigation in Environmental Matters?
176
1.3.
What are the Public Interest Cases?
176
2.
Pros and Cons of Public Interest Environmental Litigation
177
3.
Conditions of Public Interest Litigation
179
3.1.
Legal Barriers
179
3.1.1.
Lack of Forum
179
3.1.2.
Restrictive Legal Standing Criteria
180
3.1.3.
Difficult or Inefficient Injunctive Relief
180
3.2.
Practical Barriers
181
3.2.1.
Lack of Timely Judicial Decisions
181
3.2.2.
Costs of Judicial Proceedings
181
3.2.3.
Lack of Free Legal Aid
183
4.
Legal Standing Criteria for Public Interest Environmental Litigation by NGOs in Selected EU Member States
183
5.
Conclusion
186
6.
Future Prospects
188
ch. 10
Public Participation in Environmental Decision--Making in Ireland. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly / Yvonne Scannell
1.
Public Participation in Land Use Planning Law
193
2.
Public Participation in Decision-Making on Applications for Permissions to Develop Land
196
3.
Experiences with Public Participation in EPA Decisions on IPPC Licences
203
4.
The Actio Popularis in Planning Legislation
205
5.
Enforcement of IPPC and Waste Legislation
207
6.
Judicial Review of Planning Decisions
209
7.
Conclusions
215
ch. 11
National Defence vs. Environmental Protection. The Saga of a Radar Station in Hungary / Attila Panovics
1.
Introduction
221
2.
Preliminaries
222
3.
The "Battle of Zengo"
223
4.
The Ombudsman's Report
224
5.
The Activity of the "Zengo Committee"
226
6.
Effects of the Accession to the European Union
228
7.
New Location: The Tubes
229
8.
Solution to the Case
231
9.
Conclusions
231
ch. 12
Promoting Public Participation beyond the EU. The Road to Environmental Democracy / Marta Szigeti Bonifert
237
ch. 13
Participation and Indifference. The State of Social Participation in Hungary / Zsolt Beke
1.
The Institutional Side
244
2.
Social Needs and Capabilities
245
3.
Research Methodology and Database
246
3.1.
Results
247
4.
The Impact of the Place of Residence on Participation
251
5.
Education and Participation
255
6.
Conclusion
264
Appendix
268
ch. 14
The Hungarian Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations / Istvan Sarkozy
1.
Establishment of the Office of the Hungarian Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations
273
2.
Impact of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations
274
3.
Independence and Long-Term Vision
275
4.
Competences of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Future Generations
275
4.1.
Competences Determined by Law
277
5.
Activities and the Impact of the Commissioner
278
5.1.
Investigation
278
5.1.1.
Recommendations
280
5.1.2.
Measures of Direct Legal Effect
280
5.2.
Policy Advocacy
280
5.3.
Strategy and Research
281
6.
Map of Environmental Conflicts -- Examples from the Cases of the Commissioner's Practice
282
6.1.
Municipal Spatial Planning
283
6.2.
Protection Against Noise
284
6.3.
Air Protection
284
6.4.
Water Protection
285
6.5.
Nature Conservation
286
6.6.
Traffic
287
6.7.
Energy Production
287
6.8.
Waste Management
288
6.9.
Animal Husbandry
289
6.10.
Public Participation
289
7.
International Relations, Activities
290
7.1.
Participation in Decision-Making on European Union Issues
291
7.2.
Activities Aimed at Following the Enforcement of International Treaties
291
7.3.
Cooperation with Prominent Partners
292
7.4.
Participation at the Rio+20 Summit
292
8.
Conferences and Appearance in the Media
293
9.
The Transformation of the Hungarian Ombudsman System, the Fundamental Law of Hungary and the New Ombudsman Act
293
9.1.
Drafting of the Fundamental Law and its Provisions in Connection with the Right to a Healthy Environment
293
9.2.
Activity in the Press Related to the Drafting of the Constitution
296
9.3.
Reflections on the Fgo's Proposals
296
9.4.
The Commissioner at the Parliament's Plenary Session
297
10.
Analysis of the Fundamental Law and its Comparison with the Former Constitution
297
10.1.
The New Ombudsman Act and the Fundamental Law
299
11.
Conclusions
303
ch. 15
Public Participation in GMO Regulation / Agnes Kovacs
1.
Global Effect
307
2.
Principle of Public Participation
308
3.
Public Participation as Regulated by Law
309
3.1.
Public Participation in International Law
309
3.1.1.
Convention on Biological Diversity
309
3.1.2.
Cartagena Protocol
310
3.1.3.
Aarhus Convention
312
3.1.4.
Nagoya Protocol
313
3.2.
EU Legislation
314
3.2.1.
Policy Making
314
3.2.2.
Directive 2001/18
316
3.2.3.
Regulation 1829/2003
317
3.3.
Legislation at National Level
317
4.
Informal Public Participation
318
4.1.
The Role of NGO's
318
4.2.
Public Protest
319
5.
Summary -- Negative Effects on Public Participation
320
ch. 16
Public Participation in Waste Legislation of the EU / Szilvia Szilagyi
1.
Foreword
325
2.
The Eu's Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste
326
3.
Framework Legislation on Waste and Waste Treatment Operations
327
3.1.
Shipment of Waste
327
3.2.
Waste Incineration
328
3.3.
The Waste Framework Directive
329
4.
Directives on Waste Streams
330
4.1.
Batteries
330
4.2.
Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipments
331
4.3.
End of Life Vehicles (ELV)
332
4.4.
Mining Waste
332
4.5.
Packaging Waste
335
5.
Case Law or the Court of Justice of the European Union
336
5.1.
Case C-416/10
336
5.2.
Case C-255/05
338
6.
Summary
340
ch. 17
Public Participation in European Energy Utilization / Andras Lovas
1.
Introduction
343
2.
Public Participation Trends in Energy Issues
343
2.1.
Nuclear Energy
345
2.2.
Renewable Energy
347
2.3.
Carbon Capture and Storage and Unconventional Natural Gas
349
3.
Conclusion
352
Bibliography
354
Table of Cases
374
Table of Legislation and Other Regulatory Instruments
382