Ethics and legal professionalism in Australia / Paula Baron, Lillian Corbin.
2014
KU53.5 .B37 2014 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Ethics and legal professionalism in Australia / Paula Baron, Lillian Corbin.
Published
South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia : Oxford University Press, 2014.
Call Number
KU53.5 .B37 2014
ISBN
9780195576900 (paperback)
019557690X (paperback)
019557690X (paperback)
Description
xxix, 271 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)852251633
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
xi
Table of Statutes
xviii
How to Use this Book
xxiv
Acknowledgments
xxix
ch. 1
What Is `Lawyering'?
1
Introduction
1
1.
What do we mean by `lawyering'?
1
2.
Who are the lawyers? The diversity of the profession
5
2.1.
The diversity of the membership of the profession
5
2.2.
The diversity of organisational structures
6
2.3.
The growth of specialisation
7
2.4.
The diverse paths open to law graduates
9
3.
The profession v business debate
10
3.1.
The implications of the profession v business debate for conduct
14
3.2.
The change environment
17
3.2.1.
Information technology
18
3.2.2.
Corporate clients
19
3.2.3.
Human resources
19
3.2.4.
Marketing
21
3.2.5.
Managerialism
21
Conclusion
22
ch. 2
The Framework Of Lawyering
23
Introduction
23
1.
Clarifying the terminology
24
2.
Personality, extrinsic factors and some psychological theory
26
2.2.
Extrinsic controls: the rules of professional responsibility and relevant legislation
30
2.2.1.
Regulatory schemes---a national scheme?
30
2.2.2.
Specific legislation
32
3.
Conceptions of lawyering
38
3.1.
The standard conception of lawyering
38
3.2.
Alternative conceptions of lawyering
41
3.2.1.
Responsible lawyering
42
3.2.2.
Social justice lawyering
43
4.
Effects of culture
45
Conclusion
48
ch. 3
Truth And Honesty
49
Introduction
49
1.
Dishonesty as a matter of individual character
50
1.1.
Conduct prior to practice
50
1.1.1.
The admissions process
51
1.1.2.
The trend toward more stringent regulation
55
1.2.
Conduct during practice
56
1.2.1.
Representations and actions
58
1.2.2.
Costs and billing
62
1.2.3.
Advertising
64
1.2.4.
Trust accounts
67
1.3.
Conduct outside practice
70
1.3.1.
Criminal convictions
72
1.3.2.
Candour
74
1.3.3.
Other conduct
76
1.3.4.
Trends
78
2.
Dishonesty as a matter of systemic practices within the legal system
78
2.1.
Honesty v zealous advocacy
79
2.1.1.
Victory at the expense of all
79
2.1.2.
The lawyer's art?
80
2.2.
A hierarchy of honesty?
81
2.3.
The impact of systemic truth manipulation
81
Conclusion
82
ch. 4
Fidelity To The Law
83
Introduction
83
1.
What do we mean by the duty to the law?
84
1.1.
The origins of the duty
86
2.
The content of the duty
86
2.1.
The duty of candour
87
2.1.1.
The criminally accused
90
2.1.2.
Legal professional privilege
90
2.2.
The duty of integrity and professionalism
91
2.2.1.
Avoiding sharp practice and abuse of process
91
2.2.2.
Respecting the court
95
2.2.3.
Maintaining civility
98
2.2.4.
Independence
98
2.3.
The duty to educate clients
99
3.
The tension between the fundamental duties
101
4.
Who oversees the duty?
103
Conclusion
104
ch. 5
Loyalty To The Client
107
Introduction
107
1.
The sources of the obligation of loyalty
108
1.1.
The retainer
108
1.2.
The fiduciary relationship
109
2.
The nature of the duty
111
2.1.
Loyalty and conflict with the lawyer's personal interests
112
2.2.
Loyalty and conflict with the interests of other clients
115
2.2.1.
Concurrent conflicts
116
2.2.2.
Successive conflicts
118
2.3.
Informed consent and waivers
121
3.
Identifying the client: to whom is the duty owed?
122
3.1.
Representation and fiduciary relationships
123
3.2.
Representing contracting parties
126
3.3.
Loyalty and in-house lawyers
128
4.
Loyalty and zealous advocacy
130
Conclusion
131
ch. 6
Confidentiality
133
Introduction
133
1.
The duty of confidentiality
133
1.1.
Source of the duty
134
1.2.
Rationales for the duty
135
1.3.
Who owes the duty and to whom is the duty owed?
137
1.4.
Confidentiality within firms
138
1.5.
Duration of the duty
139
1.6.
Exceptions to the duty
139
1.6.1.
Authorised disclosure
140
1.6.2.
Disclosure compelled by law
140
1.6.3.
Disclosure for advice purposes
141
1.6.4.
Disclosure relating to client admissions
141
1.6.5.
Other challenges to confidentiality
143
1.7.
The client's redress for breach of confidence
143
2.
Legal professional privilege
144
2.1.
The privilege and confidentiality compared
144
2.2.
The nature of the privilege
145
2.3.
Rationale
146
2.4.
Categories of the privilege
147
2.5.
Establishing the privilege
148
2.5.1.
The lawyer--client relationship
149
2.5.2.
Confidential communication
150
2.5.3.
Dominant purpose
151
2.6.
Search warrants
152
2.7.
Exceptions/loss of privilege
152
2.7.1.
Waiver
153
2.7.2.
Illegal and improper purpose
154
2.7.3.
Abrogation by statute
155
2.7.4.
Where there is a criminal defendant
155
Conclusion
156
ch. 7
Competence
157
Introduction
157
1.
The meaning of competence
158
2.
Competence in context
162
2.1.
Competence in ADR procedures
162
2.2.
Competence and specialisation
163
3.
Remedies and sanctions for incompetence
166
3.1.
Negligence/breach of contract
166
3.1.1.
Vicarious liability
169
3.2.
Breach of fiduciary duty
169
3.3.
Disciplinary actions
170
3.4.
Advocate's immunity
171
4.
Causes of incompetence and strategies to improve competence
174
Conclusion
177
ch. 8
Civility And Courtesy
179
Introduction
179
1.
Meanings of civility
181
1.1.
Civility in terms of specific behaviours
182
2.
A crisis of civility?
183
3.
The need for reform
186
3.1.
The American experience
186
3.1.1.
Standards, civility codes and educational initiatives
187
3.2.
The Australian experience
189
3.2.1.
Examples of reported complaints
189
3.2.2.
Incivility v freedom of expression
191
3.2.3.
An expectation of civility and courtesy
193
3.2.4.
Social networking
194
Conclusion
195
ch. 9
Service And Access To Justice
197
Introduction
197
1.
Sources of the service obligation
197
2.
The nature and extent of the service obligation
199
2.1.
Development and maintenance of legal frameworks
202
2.2.
Responsibility for the quality of justice that results from legal assistance
203
2.3.
Access to justice
206
3.
The problem of inequitable access to justice
207
3.1.
The meaning of `access to justice'
208
3.2.
Causes of inequitable or inadequate access to justice
209
3.2.1.
Economic disadvantage
209
3.2.2.
The economics of lawyering
210
3.2.3.
Social factors
211
3.2.4.
The influence of neo-liberalism
212
4.
Proposed solutions
213
4.1.
Legal aid
213
4.2.
Community legal centres
214
4.3.
Pro bono
215
4.4.
Financial arrangements
220
4.5.
Alternative dispute resolution
221
4.6.
Reforms to legal education
222
4.7.
Further innovations?
222
Conclusion
223
Appendix: Comparative Tables
225
Introduction
225
Comparative Table 1
Lawyer Legislation
225
Comparative Table 2
Professional Rules for Solicitors
232
Comparative Table 3
Professional Rules for Barristers
238
Index
263