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Items
Details
Title
Chinese civil law / edited by Yuanshi Bu.
Published
München, Germany : C.H. Beck : Nomos ; Oxford, United Kingdom ; Portland, OR : Hart, 2013.
Copyright
©2013
Call Number
KNQ500 .C45 2013
Former Call Number
Ch.P 300 C4415 2013
ISBN
9781849464031 (Hart : hd. bd.)
1849464030 (Hart : hd. bd.)
9783406628764 (Beck : hd. bd.)
3406628761 (hd. bd.)
1849464030 (Hart : hd. bd.)
9783406628764 (Beck : hd. bd.)
3406628761 (hd. bd.)
Language Note
In English with some Chinese.
Description
xxi, 301 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)854556953
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
v
List of Authors
vii
Abbreviations
xix
pt. I
General Part
ch. 1
Overview
1
I.
Evolution of Chinese Civil Law
1
II.
Sources of Civil Law
2
III.
General Principles
4
1.
Principle of Legal Protection of Civil Rights
5
2.
Principle of Equal Status and Principle of Freedom Of Contract
5
3.
Principle of Good Faith
5
4.
Principle of Public Policy
6
ch. 2
Legal Capacity, Legal Representative and Agency
7
I.
Legal Capacity
7
1.
Natural Person
7
2.
Legal Person
9
3.
Individual Business, Rural Lease-Based House-Holding Business, and Individual Partnership
12
II.
Legal Representative
13
III.
Agency
14
1.
Types of Agency
14
2.
Unauthorised Agency and Agency by Estoppel
15
3.
Indirect Agency
16
4.
Delegation of Agency
17
5.
Termination
18
ch. 3
Statute of Limitations
19
I.
General Provision
19
1.
Legal Nature
19
2.
Scope of Application
21
3.
Statute of Limitation, Cut-off Period and Laches Defence
21
II.
Period of Limitation
22
III.
Commencement, Suspension, Interruption and Extension of a Period of Limitation
23
1.
Commencement
23
a).
General Provision
23
b).
Cause of Action in Tort
23
c).
Cause of Action in Contract
24
2.
Suspension
25
3.
Interruption
25
a).
General Provision
25
b).
Formal Claim to the Court
26
c).
Request to the Obligor
27
d).
Joint Debtors
27
e).
Transfer of Contractual Rights and Assumption of Obligations
27
4.
Extension
28
5.
Permissibility of Party Agreement
28
IV.
Statute of Limitations in Guarantee Contract
29
Relevant Laws & Regulations
30
pt. II
Contract
ch. 4
Overview
33
I.
Legislative History of China's Contract Law
33
II.
Major Issues in the Legislation Process
34
ch. 5
Formation and Validity of Contracts
37
I.
Overview
37
1.
Formation of Contracts
37
a).
Offer
37
(1).
Definition
37
(2).
Withdrawal and Revocation
38
b).
Acceptance
39
(1).
Definition
39
(2).
Period for Acceptance
39
(3).
Battle of Forms
39
c).
Letter of Intent
40
2.
Validity of Contracts
41
a).
Valid Contracts
41
b).
Void Contracts
41
c).
Contracts with Pending Validity
43
d).
Voidable Contracts
44
II.
Main issues
44
1.
Contract Signature
44
a).
Contracts without a Seal
44
b).
Seal by a Branch of a Corporation
45
c).
Seal with the Permission of the Seal's Owner
45
d).
Seal without the Permission of the Seal's Owner
45
e).
Forged Seal
46
2.
Form of Contract
46
a).
Form Requirement
46
b).
Government Approval or Registration
47
3.
Advertisements of Rewards
48
4.
Pre-contractual Liability
48
ch. 6
Performance, Termination and Cancellation
51
I.
Performance of Contract
52
1.
Construction of Contract Terms
52
a).
Literal Approach
52
b).
Textual Approach
53
c).
Purposive Approach
54
d).
Usages and Practices
55
e).
Principle of Good Faith
55
2.
Gap-Filling
56
3.
Defence
56
a).
Defence of Simultaneous Performance
56
b).
Defence of Consecutive Performance
57
c).
Defence of Safety
57
II.
Amendment of Contracts
57
III.
Change in Circumstances
58
IV.
Assignment and Delegation
61
1.
Assignment of Contractual Rights
61
2.
Delegation of Contractual Obligations
61
3.
Concurrent Assignment and Delegation
62
V.
End of a Contract
62
1.
Rescission
62
2.
Set-off
63
3.
Escrow
63
4.
Legal Consequences of Termination
64
VI.
Right of Subrogation
64
1.
Prerequisites of Subrogation Rights
65
2.
The Procedure of Exercising Subrogation Litigation
66
VII.
Right of Invalidation
67
1.
Preconditions of Right of Invalidation
67
2.
The Procedure of Exercising Right of Invalidation
67
3.
Legal Effect of Right of Invalidation
68
ch. 7
Liability for Breach of Contract
69
I.
Overview
69
1.
Definition of Breach of Contract
69
2.
Attribution Principle of Liability
70
3.
Election of Remedy in Tort or in Contract
72
II.
Main issues
72
1.
Specific Performance
72
2.
Defect Warranty
73
3.
Liability for Damages
73
a).
Basic Principles
73
b).
Calculation of Lost Profit
76
c).
Non-Pecuniary Damages
77
d).
Punitive Damages
78
4.
Liquidated Damages
78
a).
Permissibility
78
b).
Adjustment to the Amount of Liquidated Damages
79
5.
Deposit
79
ch. 8
Standard Form Contracts
81
I.
Overview
81
II.
Main Issues
82
1.
Towards a More Accurate Definition
82
2.
Model Contracts v Standard Form Contracts
83
3.
Incorporation of Standard Terms into a Contract
83
4.
Inconsistency between Art. 39 and Art. 40?
84
5.
Battle of Forms
86
6.
Interpretation
86
ch. 9
Particular Types of Contracts
87
I.
Background
87
II.
Purchase and Sales Contracts
88
1.
Overview
88
a).
Definition
88
b).
Major Rights and Obligations of Parties
89
c).
Arts. 61 and 62 CL
89
2.
Delivery
90
a).
Forms of Delivery
90
b).
Time of Delivery
91
c).
Place of Delivery
91
d).
Excessive Delivery
92
3.
Payment of Price
92
a).
Amount of Payment
92
b).
Place of Payment
92
c).
Time of Payment
93
4.
Transfer of Ownership
93
5.
Passing on the Risk of Loss
94
a).
General Rule
94
b).
Specific Rules
94
6.
Defect Warranty
96
a).
Warranty on Ownership
96
b).
Warranty on Quality
96
c).
Inspection
97
7.
Rescission of a Sales Contract in Whole or in Part
98
8.
Special Types of Purchase and Sales Contracts
99
a).
Payment by Instalments
99
b).
Trial Use
99
c).
Bidding and Auction
100
III.
Gift Contracts
100
1.
Overview
100
2.
Validity of a Gift Contract
100
3.
Promisor's Right to Revoke
101
a).
Revoke by Free Will
101
b).
Revoke by Law
102
c).
Exemption from Performance
103
4.
Indemnity
103
a).
Loss of Gifts
103
b).
Defects in Gifts
104
5.
Protection of the Promisee's Reliance Interest
104
IV.
Lease Contracts
105
1.
Overview
105
2.
The Period and Form of a Lease Contract
105
3.
Appropriate Use of the Leased Object
105
4.
Payment of Rent
106
5.
Defect Warranty
106
6.
Changes in the Leased Object's Ownership During the Lease Contract
107
7.
Sublease
108
8.
Termination and Extension of a Lease Contract
109
V.
Service Contracts
109
1.
Overview
109
2.
The Contractor's Obligation to Complete the Work by Himself
110
3.
The Parties' Obligations During Work
110
4.
Delivery of Work, Payment, and Breach of Contract
111
5.
Distinctions Between a Service Contract and a Sales Contract
111
6.
Distinctions Between a Service Contract and an Employment Contract
112
Relevant Laws & Regulations
114
pt. III
Tort
ch. 10
Overview
117
I.
The Evolution of Chinese Tort Law
118
1.
Concept and Function of Tort Law
118
2.
Codification of Tort Law
119
3.
Sources of Law
120
4.
Concurrent Liability
122
II.
Attribution Principles and Special Forms of Tort Liability
122
1.
Attribution Principles
122
2.
No-fault Liability
122
3.
Special Forms of Tort Liability
123
a).
Fairness Liability/Equity Liability
124
b).
Supplemental Liability
124
c).
Non-Genuine Joint and Several Liability
125
III.
Prerequisites of Tort Liability
126
1.
Conduct
126
2.
Damage
126
3.
Causation
126
4.
Fault
127
5.
Illegality
127
IV.
Liability of Several Persons
128
1.
Joint and Several Liability
128
2.
Joint Tort
129
3.
Joint Danger/Alternative Causation
129
4.
Joint Cause/Concurrent Causation
130
5.
Summary
130
V.
Relief
131
1.
Types of Relieves
131
2.
Injunctive Relief
131
3.
Compensation
131
a).
Pecuniary Loss
132
b).
Mental Distress/Non-pecuniary Loss
133
c).
Disgorging the Gain
136
VI.
Exclusion and Reduction of Liability
137
1.
Fault Offset/Concurrent Fault
137
2.
Conduct of A Third Party
138
3.
Force Majeure
139
4.
Self-defence and Necessity
139
5.
Assumption of Risk
139
ch. 11
General Provision on Tort Liability
141
I.
Background
141
II.
Model in the LTL
143
III.
Rights v. Interests
144
1.
Terminology
144
2.
Determination of Protected Interests
144
IV.
Case Groups
145
ch. 12
Special Types of Torts
149
I.
Vicarious Liability
150
1.
Liability of Employers
150
a).
Establishment of Employment Relationship
151
b).
Work-Related Tasks
151
c).
Fault and Misconduct of the Employee
151
d).
Liability of Legal Person's Organs
151
e).
Right to Recourse
152
f).
Labour Dispatch
152
g).
Industrial Injury
152
II.
Children' Liability for Torts and Personal Injury
153
1.
Parent's Liability
153
2.
Liability of Educational Establishments
154
III.
Liability based on Legal Duty to Maintain Safety
154
IV.
Defamation
155
1.
Background
155
2.
Determination of Defamation
156
a).
Criteria
156
b).
Defamatory Conduct
157
c).
Illegality
158
d).
Damage to the Reputation
158
e).
Fault
158
f).
Liability of Editor, Publisher and Informant
159
g).
Defences
159
(1).
Truth
159
(2).
Fair comment
159
(3).
Public figure
160
(4).
Authoritative source
160
h).
Defamation Lawsuits of Deceased
160
I).
Relief
161
j).
Procedural Aspects
161
V.
Product Liability
161
1.
Background
161
2.
Nature of Liability
162
3.
Major Aspects
162
a).
Defect
162
b).
Manufacturer and Distributor
163
c).
Liability Scope
163
d).
Procedural Aspects
164
e).
Defences
164
VI.
Liability for Accidents Involving Motor Vehicles
164
1.
Background
164
2.
Nature of Liability
165
3.
Recovery from the Insurance
166
4.
Liability for Rented Vehicles
166
5.
Liability for Sold Vehicles
167
6.
Liability for Stolen, Converted, Looted, Unidentified or Uninsured Vehicles
167
7.
Liability for Unsuitable Vehicles
168
VII.
Liability for Medical Damage
168
1.
Background
168
2.
Nature of Liability
169
3.
Determination of Fault
170
4.
Informed Consent
170
5.
Liability for Drugs
171
6.
Defences
171
VIII.
Environmental Liability
171
1.
Background
171
2.
Nature of Liability
172
3.
Shift in Burden of Proof of Causation
173
4.
Several Polluters
173
5.
Pollution Caused by a Third Party
174
6.
Relief
175
7.
Defences
175
8.
Procedural Aspects
175
IX.
Animal Owner's Liability
176
1.
Background
176
2.
Nature of Liability
176
3.
Misconduct and Causation
178
4.
Abandoned or Escaping Animals
178
5.
Third Party's Liability
178
X.
Liability for Objects
178
1.
Background
178
2.
Nature of Liability
179
Relevant Laws & Regulations
181
pt. IV
Property
ch. 13
Overview
185
I.
The Real Rights Law in its Context
185
II.
Other Sources of Law
187
III.
Functions of Real Rights Legislation
187
IV.
Sole Ownership
187
V.
Joint Ownership
188
1.
Two Types of Joint Ownership
188
2.
Common Features
188
3.
(Non-) Existence of Individual Shares
189
4.
Disposal and Major Repair
189
5.
Severance
190
6.
Claims and Liabilities
190
VI.
Different Types of Owners
191
VII.
Encumbrances
191
VIII.
Objects of Real Rights
192
IX.
Principles of Real Rights Law
192
1.
Equal Protection of different Types of Owners
192
2.
Absoluteness
193
3.
Legal Prescription (numerus clausus)
193
4.
Specificity
193
5.
Publicity
194
X.
Protection of Real Rights
194
1.
Real Rights Claims vs. Tort Liability
194
2.
Other Provisions
194
3.
Statute of Limitation
195
XI.
Possession: Concept and Types
195
XII.
Protection of Possession
196
1.
Restitution/Elimination of Interference
196
2.
Compensation
196
XIII.
Claims against the Possessor
197
ch. 14
Acquisition of Ownership
199
I.
Conveyance of Title
200
1.
Transfer by a Single Legal Act
200
2.
General Remarks on Publicity Requirements
201
3.
Publicity Requirements Regarding Movable Property
202
a).
Delivery
202
b).
Registration
203
4.
Publicity Requirements Regarding Immovable Property
204
5.
Dualistic Function of Registration
205
6.
Retention of Title
206
7.
Multiple Sale
207
II.
Acquisition in Good Faith
208
1.
Good Faith
209
2.
Reasonable Price
210
3.
Publicity
211
4.
Burden of Proof
212
5.
Lost Property
213
6.
Legal Tender
214
7.
Real Security Rights
215
III.
Other Ways of Acquisition and Loss of Ownership
215
1.
Fruits
215
2.
Trove
215
3.
Succession
216
4.
Expropriation; Transfer by Court Decision
216
5.
Concepts not Covered by the Law
216
ch. 15
Condominium Property
219
I.
Overview
219
II.
Combination of Sole and Joint Ownership
220
III.
General Meeting of the Proprietors/Proprietors' Committee
221
IV.
Exclusive Rights to Use Common Parts
222
V.
Management Statutes
223
VI.
Realty Management
223
ch. 16
Usufructuary Rights
225
I.
Overview
225
II.
Right to the Use of Land for Construction
226
III.
(Rural) Land Contracted Management Right
228
IV.
Right to the Use of (Rural) Residential Housing Land
228
V.
Easement on Land
229
ch. 17
Real Estate Purchase Agreement
231
I.
Overview
231
II.
Validity and Contents of the Contract
231
III.
Passing of Risk
232
IV.
Registration and Ownership Certificate
232
pt. V
Conflict of Laws
ch. 18
Overview
235
I.
Debate on the Scope of Private International Law
235
II.
Historical Review of Private International Law
236
III.
Framework of Private International Law Prior to the Promulgation of the LAL
238
IV.
LAL
239
V.
China's Private Interregional Law
240
VI.
Principles and General Rules of CPIL
241
1.
Principles of Chinese Private International Law
241
2.
General Rules of Chinese Private International Law
243
VII.
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Arbitral Awards
243
1.
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
244
2.
Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
245
ch. 19
Subjects of Civil Relations
247
I.
General Introduction
247
II.
Natural Persons
248
1.
Legal Capacity for Civil Rights
248
2.
China's Unique "Huji" System and Private International Law
249
3.
Nationality of Natural Persons
250
4.
Legal Capacity for Civil Conducts
251
III.
Legal Person
253
1.
Nationality of a Legal Person
253
2.
Domicile of a Legal Person
255
3.
Capacities of Legal Persons
255
IV.
State and International Organisations
256
V.
Legal Status of Foreigners in China
258
ch. 20
Family, Marriage, and Succession
261
I.
Marriage
261
1.
Substantive Requirements
261
2.
Formal Requirements
262
II.
Matrimonial Relations
263
1.
Matrimonial Personal Regime
263
2.
Matrimonial Property Regime
263
III.
Divorce
264
1.
Divorce by Agreement
264
2.
Divorce by Litigation
265
IV.
Family Relations
266
1.
Parent-Child Relations
266
2.
Adoption
267
3.
Maintenance
268
4.
Guardianship
269
V.
Succession
270
1.
Intestate Succession
270
2.
Testate Succession
271
3.
Management of Estates
271
4.
Succession of Heirless Estates
272
ch. 21
Property Rights, Obligations and Intellectual Property Rights
273
I.
Introduction
273
II.
Property Rights (Real Rights)
274
1.
Immovables
274
2.
Movables
275
3.
Securities
275
4.
Pledge of Rights
276
III.
Contract
276
1.
The Party Autonomy Principle
276
2.
The Closest Connection Principle
280
3.
Consumer Contract
281
4.
Employment Contract
282
IV.
Tort
283
1.
Tort in General
284
2.
Product Liability
286
3.
Infringement on the Rights of Personality via the Media
288
V.
Unjust Enrichment and Management without Mandate
289
VI.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)
290
1.
Entitlement and Contents of Intellectual Property Rights
291
2.
Transfer and Licensing of Intellectual Property Rights
291
3.
Intellectual Property Rights Infringement
292
Relevant Laws & Regulations
294
Index
295