Bankruptcy and debtor/creditor : examples & explanations / Brian A. Blum, Professor of Law, Lewis & Clark Law School.
2014
KF1524.85 .B58 2014 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Bankruptcy and debtor/creditor : examples & explanations / Brian A. Blum, Professor of Law, Lewis & Clark Law School.
Published
New York : Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, [2014]
Call Number
KF1524.85 .B58 2014
Edition
Sixth edition.
ISBN
9781454833918
1454833912
1454833912
Description
xxxi, 661 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)862929322
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Preface
xxvii
Acknowledgments
xxxi
ch. 1
The Formation and Framework of the Debtor/Creditor Relationship and an Introduction to Unsecured Debt
1
1.1.
Debtors and Creditors
1
1.2.
State Law and Federal Law: An Introductory Note
2
1.3.
Formation and Planning Concerns
2
1.4.
The Enforcement of Unsecured Debt[—]An Overview
4
ch. 2
Secured Debt and Priorities
7
2.1.
Definition and Terminology
7
2.1.1.
Definition
7
2.1.2.
Terminology
8
2.2.
The Relationship between the Debt and the Collateral
8
2.2.1.
The Link between the Debt and the Collateral
8
2.2.2.
The Distinction between Personal Liability and the Charge on the Property
9
2.2.3.
Noncontemporaneous Creation of the Debt and the Lien
10
2.2.4.
After-Acquired Collateral
11
2.2.5.
Purchase Money Security Interests
11
2.3.
The Creation of a Lien
11
2.3.1.
Attachment
12
2.3.2.
Perfection
12
2.3.3.
Summary
13
2.4.
The Different Categories of Lien
13
2.4.1.
Consensual Liens
13
2.4.2.
Judicial Liens
14
2.4.3.
Statutory Liens
15
2.4.4.
Common Law Liens
17
2.4.5.
Equitable Liens
17
2.5.
Contents The Effect of a Valid Lien
18
2.5.1.
Against the Debtor and Subsequent Transferees
18
2.5.2.
On Preexisting Third-Party Interests in the Property
19
2.5.3.
Oversecured and Undersecured Debt
19
2.6.
Enforcement of the Lien
20
2.6.1.
Seizure of the Property
20
2.6.2.
Application of the Property in Satisfaction of the Debt
21
2.7.
Priorities among Liens and Other Interests
22
2.7.1.
The Function of Priority Rules
22
2.7.2.
The General Rule of Priority
23
2.7.3.
Departures from the First-in-Time Rule for the Protection of Certain Subsequent Lienholders
24
2.7.4.
Priorities between Liens and Other Interests in the Property
24
2.7.5.
A Summary of the Issues to Be Considered in Dealing with Priorities
25
ch. 3
Debt Collection under State Law
33
3.1.
Preliminary Observations on Debt Collection by Judicial Process at State Law
33
3.2.
Executable Property and Levy
34
3.2.1.
Executable Property
34
3.2.2.
Levy
37
3.3.
Judicial Prejudgment Remedies
38
3.3.1.
General Principles Applicable to All Prejudgment Remedies
38
3.3.2.
Due Process in Prejudgment Remedies
39
3.3.3.
Attachment
40
3.3.4.
Prejudgment Garnishment
44
3.3.5.
Prejudgment Replevin or Claim and Delivery
46
3.3.6.
Receivership
47
3.3.7.
Injunctions
48
3.3.8.
Lis Pendens
49
3.4.
The Judgment and Its Enforcement
49
3.4.1.
Judgment by Default or Consent (Confession)
49
3.4.2.
The Duration of the Judgment
51
3.4.3.
The Judgment Lien
51
3.4.4.
The Enforcement of Judgments in Other States
53
3.5.
Execution
54
3.6.
Garnishment
57
3.7.
Proceedings in Aid of Execution
58
3.8.
Bankruptcy and the State Law Collection Process
59
3.9.
State Law Insolvency Proceedings
59
3.9.1.
Introduction to State Law Insolvency Proceedings
59
3.9.2.
Compositions and Extensions
61
3.9.3.
Assignments for the Benefit of Creditors
62
ch. 4
Fraudulent Transfers
71
4.1.
Background[—]The Basis and Purpose of Fraudulent Transfer Law
71
4.1.1.
State Fraudulent Transfer Law
71
4.1.2.
The Avoidance of Fraudulent Transfers in Bankruptcy
72
4.2.
An Overview of the Avoidance Suit
72
4.3.
Actual Fraud
73
4.3.1.
Dishonest Intent
73
4.3.2.
Proof of Fraud[—]Badges of Fraud
74
4.4.
Constructive Fraud
74
4.4.1.
General Principles
74
4.4.2.
Reasonable Equivalence in Value
75
4.4.3.
Financial Condition
76
4.5.
The Relationship between the Grounds of Constructive Fraud and Actual Fraud
77
4.6.
The Remedy of Avoidance and the Rights of the Transferee
78
4.7.
Fraudulent Transfer Law and Leveraged Buyouts
80
4.7.1.
What Is a Leveraged Buyout?
80
4.7.2.
The Application of Fraudulent Transfer Law to LBOs
81
ch. 5
The Nature, Source, and Policies of Bankruptcy Law
85
5.1.
What Is Bankruptcy?
85
5.2.
The Federal Nature of Bankruptcy Law
86
5.2.1.
The Federal Power over Bankruptcy
86
5.2.2.
Bankruptcy Law and Nonbankruptcy Law
86
5.3.
Uniformity in Bankruptcy Law
87
5.4.
The Statutory Source of Bankruptcy Law
89
5.4.1.
Federal Bankruptcy Legislation
89
5.4.2.
The Structure and Organization of the Code and Ancillary Statutes
90
5.4.3.
Dollar Amounts in the Code
92
5.4.4.
The Bankruptcy Rules
92
5.5.
The Policies and Goals of Bankruptcy Law
93
5.5.1.
Introduction
93
5.5.2.
Tile Fundamental Goals and Policies of Bankruptcy
94
ch. 6
Participants in the Bankruptcy Case
103
6.1.
The Bankruptcy Court
103
6.2.
The Trustee
104
6.2.1.
Appointment and Qualification, Generally
104
6.2.2.
Ch. 7 Cases
104
6.2.3.
Ch. 12 and 13 Cases
105
6.2.4.
Ch. 11 Cases
106
6.2.5.
Trustee's Fees
107
6.3.
The U.S. Trustee
107
6.4.
The Debtor
108
6.4.1.
The Debtor's Role in the Case
108
6.4.2.
Equity Security Holders
109
6.5.
Creditors and Creditors' Committees
109
6.6.
Attorneys and Other Professional Consultants
141
6.6.1.
The Employment of Professionals by the Estate, the Debtor, and Creditors
111
6.6.2.
Conflicts of Interest, Client Confidentiality, and Loyalty
112
6.7.
Debt Relief Agencies
115
6.7.1.
The Meaning of "Debt Relief Agency": Persons, Including Attorneys, Who Provide Assistance or Representation in Connection with a Modest-value Consumer Bankruptcy Case
115
6.7.2.
The Regulation of Debt Relief Agencies
116
6.7.3.
The Constitutionality of [§][§]526 and 528 as Applied to Attorneys
117
6.8.
Other Participants
118
ch. 7
Bankruptcy Jurisdiction, the Powers of the Bankruptcy Court, and Sovereign Immunity
125
7.1.
Introduction
125
7.2.
District Court Jurisdiction over Bankruptcy
125
7.2.1.
Personal Jurisdiction
126
7.2.2.
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
126
7.2.3.
The Purpose of [§]1334
130
7.3.
The Exercise of Bankruptcy Jurisdiction by Bankruptcy Courts
130
7.3.1.
Jurisdiction Prior to 1978
131
7.3.2.
The Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978
132
7.3.3.
1984 Reforms
133
7.3.4.
Proposals for Change by the 1994 National Bankruptcy Review Commission
134
7.3.5.
An Overview of the Current System
134
7.3.6.
A Summary of the Operation of [§]157 and Its Constitutionality
141
7.4.
The Jury Trial in Bankruptcy
141
7.5.
The Injunctive, Contempt, and Sanctioning Powers of the Bankruptcy Court
143
7.5.1.
Injunctions
143
7.5.2.
Contempt of Court
144
7.5.3.
Sanctions for Improper Conduct
145
7.6.
Appeals from the Bankruptcy Court
145
7.6.1.
The Appellate Structure in General
145
7.6.2.
Bankruptcy Appellate Panels
146
7.7.
Abstention
147
7.7.1.
Introduction
147
7.7.2.
Abstention under [§]305 of the Code
147
7.7.3.
Abstention under 28 U.S.C. [§]1334(c)
148
7.8.
Removal and Remand under 28 U.S.C. [§]1452
150
7.9.
Sovereign Immunity
150
7.9.1.
Background and the General Principle of Sovereign Immunity
150
7.9.2.
the- Statutory Abrogation of Sovereign Immunity under [§]106(a)
152
7.9.3.
Waiver of Sovereign Immunity by Consent and by the Filing of a Proof of Claim under [§]106 (b)
153
7.9.4.
Setoff of Claims by and against a Governmental Unit under [§]106(c)
154
ch. 8
Debtor Eligibility and the Different Forms of Bankruptcy Relief
167
8.1.
Introduction
167
8.2.
An Overview of the Distinction between Liquidation and Rehabilitation
167
8.2.1.
Liquidation
167
8.2.2.
Rehabilitation Bankruptcy
168
8.2.3.
A Practical Perspective on the Distinction between Liquidation and Rehabilitation
169
8.3.
Different Types of Debtor
170
8.3.1.
Individuals, Partnerships, and Corporations
170
8.3.2.
Consumer and Business Debtors
171
8.3.3.
Family Farmers and Fishermen
173
8.4.
Debtor Eligibility
173
8.4.1.
The General Qualifications and Limitations
174
8.4.2.
Eligibility for Relief under Each of the Separate Chapters
181
8.5.
Conversion from One Chapter to Another
184
8.6.
Choice of Relief
187
8.6.1.
The Debtor's Choice of Relief
187
8.6.2.
A Summary of the Significant Differences between Chs. 7, 11, 12, and 13 That May Influence the Choice of Relief
189
ch. 9
The Commencement and Dismissal of the Bankruptcy Case
201
9.1.
Introduction
201
9.2.
Venue
202
9.3.
The Voluntary Case
203
9.4.
The Voluntary Petition as an Order for Relief
204
9.5.
Joint Cases, Jointly Administered Cases, and Consolidation
205
9.5.1.
Joint Cases
205
9.5.2.
Joint Administration
206
9.5.3.
Consolidation of Cases
206
9.6.
Involuntary Cases
207
9.6.1.
Introduction
207
9.6.2.
Qualifications for Filing under [§]303 (a), (b), and (c)
208
9.6.3.
Procedures from the Filing of the Petition to the Order for Relief
212
9.6.4.
The Grounds for Relief
213
9.6.5.
The Effect and Consequences of the Order for Relief in an Involuntary Case
215
9.6.6.
Petitioner Liability for Dismissal of the Petition
216
9.7.
General Grounds for Dismissal of a Bankruptcy Case [—]Voluntary Dismissal, Cause, and Improper Debtor Conduct
217
9.8.
Dismissal of a Ch. 7 Consumer Case on Grounds of Abuse
221
9.8.1.
The Application of [§]707(b) to "Individuals Whose Debts Are Primarily Consumer Debts"
221
9.8.2.
The Background to BAPCPA's Amendment of [§]707(b) : "Substantial Abuse" and the 1994 National Bankruptcy Review Commission
223
9.8.3.
Overview of the BAPCPA Amendments
224
9.8.4.
Distinguishing Debtors Who Earn Above and Below the Median Family Income and the Protections of [§]707(b)(6) and (7) to Below-Median Debtors
225
9.8.5.
The Finding of Abuse Where the Presumption of Abuse Does Not Apply
227
9.8.6.
The Formula in [§]707(b)(2) to Determine if the Presumption of Abuse Applies
228
9.8.7.
Rebuttal of the Presumption of Abuse
233
9.8.8.
Sanctions
234
9.9.
The Creditors' Meeting
234
ch. 10
The Automatic Stay
243
10.1.
Introduction
243
10.2.
The Purpose of the Automatic Stay
243
10.3.
The Nature and Scope of the Stay
244
10.4.
The Range of the Stay: [§]362(a) and (b)
246
10.4.1.
Activity Included in the Stay[—] [§]362(a)
247
10.4.2.
The Impact of the Stay on Setoff Rights
249
10.4.3.
Activity Excluded from the Stay [—] [§]362 (b)
250
10.5.
Termination of the Stay
253
10.5.1.
Termination of the Stay of Acts against Estate Property
253
10.5.2.
Termination of the Stay of Other Acts
254
10.5.3.
Termination of the Stay following Serial Filings
254
10.6.
The Effect of the Stay on Limitation Periods [—] [§]108
256
10.7.
The Effect of Violating the Stay
257
10.7.1.
The Nullification of Advantages Gained by the Vi9lation
257
10.7.2.
Willful Violations: Compensatory Damages, Including Costs and Attorneys' Fees
258
10.7.3.
Emotional Distress Damages
259
10.7.4.
Punitive Damages
260
10.7.5.
Sanctions for Contempt of Court
260
ch. 11
Relief from Stay and Adequate Protection
267
11.1.
Introduction
267
11.2.
The Procedure for Relief from Stay
267
11.3.
Forms of Relief
268
11.4.
Grounds for Relief
270
11.4.1.
Relief from Stay for Cause ([§]362 (d) (1))
270
11.4.2.
Relief from Stay of Acts against Property on the Ground That the Debtor Has No Equity in the Property and the Property Is Not Necessary to an Effective Reorganization ([§]362 (d) (2))
271
11.4.3.
Single Asset Real Estate Cases
273
11.4.4.
In Rem Relief Relating to Real Property Collateral
274
11.5.
Lack of Adequate Protection as Cause for Relief from Stay under [§]362 (d) (1)
275
11.5.1.
The Interests Entitled to Adequate Protection
275
11.5.2.
The Circumstances under Which the Need for Adequate Protection Arises
276
11.5.3.
Factors to Be Considered in Determining the Need for Adequate Protection
277
11.5.4.
The Means and Method of Furnishing Adequate Protection
279
11.5.5.
The Failure of Adequate Protection: Superpriority under [§]507(b)
280
ch. 12
Property of the Estate
291
12.1.
The Creation of the Bankruptcy Estate and Debtor's New Estate
291
12.2.
The Composition of the Estate
293
12.2.1.
Legal and Equitable Interests of the Debtor at the Time of the Petition
293
12.2.2.
Restrictions on the Transfer of Property Rights under Nonbankruptcy Law or Contract
295
12.2.3.
Property Acquired after the Filing of the Petition
296
12.3.
The Trustee's Power to Compel Delivery of Property of the Estate ("Turnover")
298
12.4.
Abandonment of Property by the Trustee
299
ch. 13
Exemptions, Redemption, and Reaffirmation
305
13.1.
The Concept of Exemptions
305
13.2.
Exemptions Applicable in Bankruptcy Cases
306
13.2.1.
Uniformity of Exemptions[—]State Opt-Out
306
13.2.2.
Determining Which State's Law Governs Exemptions[—]the Debtor's Domicile
308
13.2.3.
Exemption Planning and Controls on Abuse of the Homestead Exemption
309
13.3.
The Nature of Exempt Property
313
13.4.
The Procedure for Claiming Exemptions
314
13.5.
The Debtor's Power to Avoid Certain Interests That Impair Exemptions
316
13.5.1.
General Scope and Purpose of the Debtor's Avoidance Power
316
13.5.2.
Judicial Liens
316
13.5.3.
Avoidable Nonpossessory, Nonpurchase-Money Security Interests
317
13.5.4.
Avoidance "to the Extent" of Impairment
318
13.5.5.
A State Cannot Override the Avoidance Power in Its Opt-Out Statute
318
13.5.6.
How Impairment Is Measured
319
13.6.
The Individual Debtor's Redemption Right in Ch. 7 Cases
322
13.7.
Reaffirmation
323
13.7.1.
The General Principles of Reaffirmation
323
13.7.2.
The Reaffirmation of Secured Debt as an Alternative to Redemption
327
13.7.3.
The Reaffirmation of Unsecured Debt
327
13.8.
The Ch. 7 Debtor's Retention of the Collateral under the Original Contract[—]the "Ride-Through"
328
ch. 14
The Trustee's Avoidance Powers: General Principles and Policies
339
14.1.
Introduction
339
14.2.
The Structure of the Avoidance Provisions
340
14.3.
Applicability of the Avoidance Powers in Liquidation and Rehabilitation Cases
341
14.4.
Exercise of the Avoidance Power by a Debtor in Possession or Other Parties
342
14.5.
The Avoidance Suit and the Enforcement of a Judgment of Avoidance
342
14.6.
Preservation of the Transfer for the Benefit of the Estate
344
14.7.
The Statute of Limitations and "Reach-Back" Provisions
344
14.8.
The General Purpose and Goals of the Avoidance Powers
345
ch. 15
The Trustee's Avoidance Powers: Unperfected Interests and Statutory Liens
349
15.1.
The Avoidance of Unperfected Interests under [§]544
349
15.1.1.
Introduction
349
15.1.2.
The Trustee's Status as a Hypothetical Lien Creditor, Execution Creditor, or Bona Fide Purchaser of Real Property under [§]544(a)
349
15.1.3.
The Trustee's Status as Successor to an Actual Unsecured Creditor under [§]544(b)
352
15.2.
The Avoidance of Statutory Liens under [§]545
354
15.3.
The Effect of [§]546 on the Trustee's Avoidance Rights under [§][§]544 and 545
356
15.3.1.
The Preservation of Nonbankruptcy Backdating Rules by [§]546(b)
356
15.3.2.
The Preservation of the Seller's Reclamation Rights by [§]546(c)
356
ch. 16
The Avoidance of Preferences, Setoff, Fraudulent Transfers, and Postpetition Transfers
363
16.1.
Preferential Transfers under [§]547
363
16.1.1.
Introduction
363
16.1.2.
The Elements of [§]547(b)
365
16.1.3.
The Timing of the Transfer
369
16.1.4.
Exceptions to Avoidance under [§]547(c)
372
16.2.
Setoff under [§]553
381
16.2.1.
Setoff in Nonbankruptcy Law
381
16.2.2.
The Effect of Setoff Rights in Bankruptcy
381
16.2.3.
Limitations on the Right of Setoff
383
16.3.
Fraudulent Transfers under [§]548
385
16.3.1.
Avoidance under [§]548 as an Alternative to [§]544 and State Law
385
16.3.2.
Actual Fraud
386
16.3.3.
Constructive Fraud
386
16.3.4.
Reach-back and the Effect of Avoidance
388
16.3.5.
The Fraudulent Transfer of Exempt Property
389
16.3.6.
Charitable Contributions by an Individual Debtor
389
16.4.
Postpetition Transfers under [§]549
390
ch. 17
The Trustee's Power to Deal with Estate Property and to Obtain Credit
405
17.1.
Introduction
405
17.2.
The Use, Sale, or Lease of Estate Property under [§]363
406
17.2.1.
The Distinction between Ordinary and Extraordinary Transactions
406
17.2.2.
The Approval of Transactions outside the Ordinary Course of Business under [§]363(b)(1)
408
17.2.3.
The Protection of Interests in Property That Is to Be Used, Sold, or Leased
408
17.2.4.
Insolvency or Bankruptcy Clauses in Prepetition Contracts or Nonbankruptcy Law
409
17.2.5.
Restrictions on Dealing with Cash Collateral
410
17.3.
Postpetition Credit under [§]364
411
17.3.1.
The Rationale of [§]364
411
17.3.2.
The Credit Arrangements Permitted by [§]364
412
17.3.3.
Cross-Collateralization
414
17.3.4.
Protection on Appeal
415
ch. 18
Executory Contracts and Unexpired Leases
423
18.1.
Introduction
423
18.2.
The Meaning of "Executory Contract" and "Unexpired Lease"
424
18.3.
The Special Treatment of Selected Transactions
425
18.4.
The Estate's Right to Assume or Reject Executory Contracts
426
18.5.
The Procedure and Standards for Assumption or Rejection
427
18.6.
Interim Performance
428
18.7.
The Assumption of Contracts in Default
429
18.8.
Nonassumable Contracts
430
18.8.1.
Contracts That Are Not Assignable in Nonbankruptcy Law
430
18.8.2.
Loan and Financing Transactions
431
18.9.
Bankruptcy Termination or Ipso Facto Clauses
432
18.10.
Postpetition Termination by the Other Party on Grounds Other Than an Ipso Facto Clause
433
18.11.
Problems of Rejection in Partially Executed Contracts
433
18.12.
Assignment
434
ch. 19
Claims against the Estate
441
19.1.
Introduction
441
19.2.
What is a Claim?
441
19.2.1.
The Definition of "Claim"
441
19.2.2.
Unliquidated, Contingent, Unmatured, and Disputed Claims
443
19.2.3.
Prepetition and Postpetition Debts
444
19.2.4.
Claims against the Debtor's Property
445
19.2.5.
Determining When a Claim Arises
445
19.3.
Determining and Estimating Contingent and Unliquidated Claims
447
19.4.
The Proof and Allowance of Claims
449
19.5.
Interest on Claims
451
19.6.
Claim Classification and Priorities
452
19.6.1.
General Principles
452
19.6.2.
The Order of Distribution
453
19.6.3.
Secured Claims
454
19.6.4.
Priority Claims
460
19.6.5.
General Unsecured Claims and Lower Classes
467
19.7.
Subordination and Recharacterization of Claims
467
19.7.1.
Consensual Subordination
467
19.7.2.
Equitable Subordination
467
19.7.3.
Recharacterization
468
ch. 20
The Chapter 13 Plan
477
20.1.
Introduction and Review
477
20.2.
Outline of the Ch. 13 Proceedings
479
20.3.
Overview of the Plan and the Prerequisites for Confirmation
481
20.4.
The Funding of the Plan and the Debtor's Obligation to Make Payments
484
20.5.
The Length of the Plan
484
20.6.
Good Faith
485
20.7.
The Classification of Claims and the Standards Applicable to Each Class
487
20.7.1.
Secured Claims
487
20.7.2.
Priority Claims
490
20.7.3.
Unsecured Claims
491
20.8.
The Modification of a Claimant's Rights and the Cure of Default
502
20.8.1.
Introduction and General Note on Cure
502
20.8.2.
The Modification and Cure of Claims Other Than Specially Protected Home Mortgages
503
20.8.3.
The Special Treatment of Claims Secured Only by a Security Interest in Real Property That Is the Debtor's Principal Residence
504
20.9.
Long-Term Debt
506
20.10.
Modification of a Confirmed Plan
507
20.11.
Successive Filings under Chs. 7 and 13: the "Chapter 20" Tactic
509
ch. 21
The Chapter 11 Plan
523
21.1.
Introduction to Ch. 11 and Its Debtors
523
21.1.1.
General Introduction
523
21.1.2.
Eligibility for Ch. 11 and Distinctions between Ch. 11 Debtors, Particularly Individuals and Small Businesses
524
21.2.
The Purpose of a Ch. 11 Case
528
21.3.
The Importance of Negotiation and Business Judgment in a Ch. 11 Case
529
21.4.
Outline of the Ch. 11 Case
530
21.4.1.
Commencement of the Case
530
21.4.2.
The Roles of the Debtor in Possession, Creditors, Nand Interest Holders
530
21.4.3.
The Formulation of the Plan by the Debtor or Other Parties in Interest
533
21.4.4.
Disclosure
534
21.4.5.
Voting on the Plan
536
21.4.6.
Confirmation
537
21.4.7.
Modification of the Plan
537
21.4.8.
The Effect of Confirmation
538
21.4.9.
Consummation of the Plan
539
21.5.
Prepackaged Plans
540
21.6.
The Content of the Plan
540
21.6.1.
Overview
540
21.6.2.
The Mandatory Provisions under [§]1123(a)
541
21.6.3.
Permissive Provisions under [§]1123 (b)
545
21.7.
Confirmation Requirements
546
21.7.1.
Overview
546
21.7.2.
Confirmation under [§]1129(a)
547
21.7.3.
Confirmation under [§]1129(b)
550
21.7.4.
Undersecured Creditors and [§]1111 (b)
556
ch. 22
The Debtor's Discharge
563
22.1.
Introduction
563
22.2.
The Scope of the Discharge
565
22.3.
The Effect of the Discharge
566
22.4.
Waiver of the Discharge and Reaffirmation of the Debt
568
22.5.
The Ch. 7 Discharge
568
22.5.1.
Procedure and Scope
568
22.5.2.
Denial of the Discharge under [§]727
569
22.5.3.
Revocation of the Discharge
572
22.5.4.
Exclusions from the Ch. 7 Discharge by [§]523
572
22.5.5.
The Discharge of Nondischargeable Debts in a Subsequent Case
589
22.6.
Contents The Ch. 11 Discharge
590
22.7.
The Ch. 13 Discharge
591
22.7.1.
Procedure and Scope
591
22.7.2.
Preconditions to the Grant of the Ch. 13 Discharge
592
22.7.3.
Exclusions from the Ch. 13 Discharge
592
22.7.4.
Discharge in Successive Cases
595
22.7.5.
Waiver of Revocation of the Ch. 13 Discharge
596
22.7.6.
The Hardship Discharge
596
22.8.
The Ch. 12 Discharge
597
Glossary
607
Table of Cases
631
Table of Statutes
641
Index
649