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Items
Details
Title
Accessory liability / Paul S Davies.
Published
Oxford : Hart Pubishing, 2015.
Call Number
KD720 .D38 2015
ISBN
9781849462877
1849462879
1849462879
Description
xxxiii, 294 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)893893926
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Foreword
v
Acknowledgements
vii
Tables of Cases
xvii
Table of Legislation
xxxi
1.
Introduction
1
I.
What is Accessory Liability?
1
II.
Why is Accessory Liability Important?
2
A.
Pragmatic Factors
3
i.
Insolvency
3
ii.
Preserving Relationships
3
iii.
Convenience
3
B.
Moral Considerations
4
III.
Doctrinal Difficulties in the Law of Obligations
5
A.
Equity
5
B.
Contract
6
C.
Tort
7
IV.
Looking Across the Legal Landscape
8
V.
Approach of the Book
10
2.
Fundamentals
12
I.
Principles Underpinning Accessory Liability
12
A.
Responsibility
12
B.
Culpability
13
C.
Protecting Rights
14
D.
Deterrence
15
E.
Loss-shifting
16
F.
Property
17
G.
Law and Economics
17
H.
Evidential Considerations
18
I.
Consistency in the Law
19
J.
Freedom of Action
19
K.
Preliminary Conclusions
20
II.
Conduct Element
21
A.
'Aid, Abet, Counsel or Procure'
22
i.
Aid
22
ii.
Abet
24
iii.
Counsel
27
iv.
Procure
29
B.
Causation
31
i.
Novus Actus Interveniens
33
ii.
The Test of Causation
36
iii.
Substantial Cause
37
C.
Preliminary Conclusions: Causal Participation in a Primary Wrong
39
III.
Mental Element
40
A.
Intention
41
B.
Knowledge
42
i.
Content of Knowledge
43
ii.
Standard of Knowledge
44
C.
Dishonesty
49
D.
Unconscionability
50
E.
Recklessness
51
F.
Negligence
52
G.
Preliminary Conclusions
52
IV.
Nature of Accessory Liability
54
V.
Distinguishing Accessory Liability
56
A.
Free-standing Duty of Care
56
B.
Innocent Agency
57
C.
Vicarious Liability
58
D.
Corporate Attribution
60
E.
Conspiracy
61
F.
Joint Enterprise
62
3.
Crime
64
I.
Scope of Accessory Liability
64
A.
Co-principals
65
B.
Joint Enterprise
66
C.
Innocent Agency
68
D.
Vicarious Liability
69
E.
Conspiracy
69
F.
Inchoate Liability for Assisting or Encouraging an Offence
69
II.
Primary Offence
70
III.
Conduct Element
71
IV.
Mental Element
75
A.
Intention
75
B.
Knowledge
76
i.
Content of Knowledge
76
ii.
Standard of Knowledge
77
C.
Recklessness
78
D.
Negligence
79
V.
Defences
80
A.
Defences Available to the Principal
80
B.
Withdrawal
81
C.
Duress
82
D.
Preventing the Commission of an Offence
82
E.
Acting Reasonably
83
VI.
Nature of Liability
83
VII.
Rationales of Liability
85
A.
Responsibility
85
B.
Culpability
85
C.
Evidential Considerations
86
D.
Public Acceptability
86
VIII.
Conclusions
87
4.
Equity
88
I.
Seeds of Confusion: The Effect of Barnes V Addy
88
A.
Trustee de son tort
90
B.
Receipt-based Liability
91
C.
Accessory Liability: Knowingly Assisting a Dishonest and Fraudulent Design
93
II.
A New Start: Royal Brunei Airlines Sdn Bhd V Tan
95
III.
Primary Wrong: Breach of Contract
96
A.
Breach of Trust
96
B.
Breach of Fiduciary Duty
99
C.
Breach of Confidence
100
D.
Undue Influence
102
E.
Conclusions
103
IV.
Conduct Element
104
A.
Inducement
104
B.
Assistance
106
C.
Encouragement
108
D.
Causation
108
V.
Mental Element
109
A.
Knowledge
109
i.
Content of Knowledge
110
ii.
Standard of Knowledge
112
B.
Negligence
114
C.
Unconscionability
115
D.
Dishonesty
116
i.
Reception
118
ii.
Label
119
iii.
Misplaced Criminal Concept
119
iv.
Actus Reus or Mens Rea?
120
v.
'An Unnecessary Distraction, and Conducive to Error'
121
vi.
Implicit Defences
122
VI.
Explaining Accessory Liability
123
A.
Responsibility
123
B.
Culpability
123
C.
Protecting Rights
124
D.
Deterrence
125
E.
Loss-shifting
125
F.
Property
125
VII.
What Shape should Accessory Liability Take?
126
A.
Distinguishing Inducement and Assistance
127
B.
The Impact of a Defendant's Gain
129
C.
One General Approach to Accessory Liability
130
5.
Contract
132
I.
The Leading Case: Lumley V Gye
132
A.
The Basis of Lumley
133
i.
The Narrow View: Status
133
ii.
The Broader View: Contract
134
B.
Dealing with Lumley: Signs of Confusion
135
i.
Requiring a Breach of Contract
137
ii.
An 'Economic Tort'?
138
iii.
The 'Genus Tort'
140
II.
Accessory Liability Recognised: OBG Ltd V Allan
141
III.
Primary Wrong
142
A.
Type of Breach
142
B.
Void, Voidable and Unenforceable Contracts
143
C.
Exclusion Clauses and Force Majeure Clauses
145
IV.
Conduct Element
145
A.
Inducement
145
i.
Prevention Distinguished
146
ii.
Direct/Indirect
147
iii.
Scope of Inducement
149
B.
Assistance
150
C.
Encouragement
153
D.
Advice
154
E.
Preliminary Conclusions
156
V.
Mental Element
156
A.
Malice
156
B.
Intention
157
C.
Knowledge
158
i.
Content of Knowledge
158
ii.
Standard of Knowledge
159
D.
Negligence
160
E.
Preliminary Conclusions
161
VI.
Explaining Accessory Liability
162
A.
Responsibility
162
B.
Culpability
163
C.
Protecting Rights
163
D.
Property
164
E.
Deterrence
165
F.
Loss-shifting
165
G.
Positive Rationales for Accessory Liability: Preliminary Conclusions
166
VII.
Against Accessory Liability: Defending Breach of Contract
166
A.
Privity of Contract
167
B.
Efficient Breach
168
C.
Commercial Morality
170
D.
Trade Unions
171
VIII.
What Shape should Accessory Liability Take?
172
A.
Fusion
174
6.
Tort
177
I.
Mapping Accessory Liability in Tort Law
177
A.
Early Orthodoxy: 'Aid, Abet, Counsel or Procure'
177
B.
The Obscurity of Joint Tortfeasance
178
C.
Distinguishing Accessory Liability
180
i.
Vicarious Liability
180
ii.
Conspiracy
181
iii.
Innocent Agency
181
iv.
Negligence
182
D.
Bringing Out Accessory Liability
182
II.
Primary Wrong
183
A.
Necessity of Primary Tort
183
B.
Can Accessory Liability Attach to All Primary Torts?
184
i.
Breach of Statutory Duty
184
ii.
Nuisance
185
iii.
Intellectual Property Torts
186
iv.
Negligence
187
III.
Conduct Element
188
A.
Combination
188
B.
Authorisation
191
C.
Inducement
194
D.
Assistance
195
i.
CBS Songs Ltd V Amstrad Consumer Electronics plc
195
ii.
Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV (Now Generale Bank Nederland NV) V Export Credits Guarantee Department
196
iii.
Potential for a Wider Approach?
198
IV.
Mental Element
203
A.
Mirroring the Mental Element of the Primary Tort
203
B.
Intention
205
C.
Knowledge
206
i.
Content of Knowledge
207
ii.
Standard of Knowledge
208
V.
Explaining Liability
209
A.
Responsibility
210
B.
Culpability
211
C.
Protecting Rights
211
D.
Deterrence
212
E.
Economic Efficiency
213
VI.
What Shape should Accessory Liability Take?
213
A.
Concerns Surrounding Certainty
214
B.
Consistency with the Criminal Law
216
C.
Consistency with the Private Law
219
D.
Conclusions
220
7.
Defences
222
I.
Defences Available to the Primary Wrongdoer
223
II.
Justification
226
A.
Equal or Superior Right
230
B.
Performance of a Duty
234
C.
Staple Article of Commerce
240
D.
Public Morals
247
E.
Statutory Justification
248
III.
Withdrawal
250
IV.
Limitation
251
V.
Conclusion
253
8.
Remedies
255
I.
'Secondary' Liability Exposed
255
II.
Compensation
256
A.
Equity
256
B.
Contract
258
C.
Tort
261
D.
Clauses Expressly Agreed with the Primary Wrongdoer
261
E.
Contributory Negligence
263
III.
Gain-based Awards
264
A.
Liability for the Primary Wrongdoer's Gain
264
B.
Accounting for the Accessory's Gain
267
IV.
Hypothetical Bargain Measure of Damages
269
V.
Contribution
271
VI.
Punitive Damages
272
VII.
Injunction
274
VIII.
Combining Remedies
275
9.
Conclusions
279
I.
'Knowing Assistance'
279
II.
A Standard Approach Across All Obligations
283
III.
The Nature of Accessory Liability
284
IV.
A Narrow But Coherent Law of Accessory Liability
285
Index
287