Towards a better assessment of pain and suffering damages for personal injuries : a proposal based on quality adjusted life years / Vaia Karapanou.
2014
K925 .K37 2014 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Towards a better assessment of pain and suffering damages for personal injuries : a proposal based on quality adjusted life years / Vaia Karapanou.
Published
Cambridge ; Portland : Intersentia, [2014]
Copyright
©2014
Call Number
K925 .K37 2014
ISBN
1780682301 (pbk.)
9781780682303 (pbk.)
9781780682303 (pbk.)
Description
xvii, 243 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)887085407
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 219-243).
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Cardozo Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Cardozo Fund
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
Table of Cases
ix
List of Abbreviations
xv
List of Tables and Figures
xvii
ch. 1
Introduction
1
1.1.
Aim of the Research
1
1.2.
Research Questions
3
1.3.
Methodology
5
1.4.
Scientific and Societal Relevance
7
1.5.
Content Structure
8
ch. 2
How Should Pain and Suffering Damages be Assessed? A Legal Perspective
11
2.1.
Goals of Tort Law regarding Pain and Suffering Damages
12
2.1.1.
Compensation
13
2.1.2.
Satisfaction
15
2.1.3.
Deterrence
17
2.1.4.
Loss Distribution
18
2.1.5.
Punishment
19
2.2.
Pain and Suffering Damages in Cases of Personal Injuries
20
2.2.1.
'Pain and Suffering Damages' in Different Countries
21
2.2.2.
The Interplay between Tort Law and the Law of Damages
27
2.3.
Current Court Practice in Personal Injury Cases
28
2.3.1.
How do Courts Assess Pain and Suffering Damages?
28
2.3.2.
Can the Goals of the Law of Torts (and Damages) be Reached?
36
ch. 3
How Should Pain and Suffering Damages be Assessed? A Law and Economics Perspective
39
3.1.
Goals of Tort Law according to Law and Economics: Minimization of Total Accident Costs
40
3.1.1.
The Goal of Deterrence
41
3.1.2.
The Goal of Insurance/Loss Spreading
48
3.1.3.
The Goal of Reducing Tertiary (Administrative) Costs
58
3.2.
Damages for Immaterial Losses: How Should they be Treated?
60
3.2.1.
Dealing with the Discrepancy: Proposals So Far
60
3.2.2.
Striking a Balance between Deterrence and Insurance: Ex Ante Determined Pain and Suffering Damages
63
3.2.3.
The Value of Statistical Life (Year) for Fatalities
65
ch. 4
Quality Adjusted Life Years. A Measure for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care
69
4.1.
Context and Origin of the QALY
70
4.1.1.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care
72
4.1.2.
Theoretical Foundations of QALY-Based CEA
75
4.2.
What is the Quality Adjusted Life Year?
79
4.3.
Calculation of QALY-Weights
82
4.3.1.
Single Question Format Valuation Techniques
82
4.3.2.
Generic Measures
90
4.4.
Who Should Value Health?
97
4.5.
QALYs and Fairness Considerations
99
4.6.
Monetization: Cost or WTP per QALY?
103
4.6.1.
Cost per QALY
107
4.6.2.
WTP per QALY
109
4.7.
Discounting
111
4.8.
Disability Adjusted Life Years: an Alternative to QALYs?
114
ch. 5
Using QALYs in a Tort Law Context. Assessing Pain and Suffering Damages
117
5.1.
Exploiting Existing QALY Research
118
5.1.1.
Utilizing Available QALY-Weights
119
5.1.2.
Deciding the Monetary Value of a QALY
122
5.1.3.
Applying a Discount Factor to Reflect Present Value
125
5.2.
Synthesis
128
5.2.1.
A Graphical Representation of the Proposed Framework
129
5.2.2.
The Case of Deafness
130
5.3.
Can the Goals of Tort Law with respect to Pain and Suffering Damages be Reached?
133
5.3.1.
Implications for Compensation and Satisfaction
134
5.3.2.
Implications for Deterrence and Loss Spreading: Striking a Balance between the Goals
137
5.3.3.
Economizing on Administrative Costs of the Legal System
140
5.4.
Benefits Extending beyond the Goals of Tort Law
143
5.4.1.
Dealing with Strategic Behavior
143
5.4.2.
Inducing Victim Mitigation of Losses
144
5.5.
Challenges
145
5.5.1.
Using the Appropriate Research Results
145
5.5.2.
How to Deal with Multiple Injuries?
146
ch. 6
Pain and Suffering Damages Based on QALYs. Circumventing Victims' (and Judges') Hedonic Misperceptions
147
6.1.
Relevance of Psychological Insights for Pain and Suffering Damages
148
6.1.1.
Hedonic Adaptation Neglect
150
6.1.2.
Focalism/Focusing Illusion
157
6.1.3.
A Counterintuitive Empirical Result or just a Preference for being Healthy?
160
6.2.
Pain and Suffering Damages Incorporating Insights from Cognitive Psychology: Proposals So Far
161
6.3.
QALYs and Hedonic Adaptation: Pain and Suffering Damages Based on the QALY Framework
166
6.4.
Should Psychological Insights Influence the Assessment of Pain and Suffering Damages?
171
ch. 7
The QALY Framework Applied. Practical Examples and Implementation Recommendations
173
7.1.
Personal Injury Cases
174
7.1.1.
The Case of Paralysis/Severe Spinal Cord Injury
175
7.1.2.
The Case of Lower Leg Amputation
181
7.1.3.
The Case of Vision Loss in One Eye
186
7.1.4.
The Case of HIV Contraction
191
7.2.
Discussion of the Resulting Amounts
199
7.3.
Implementation Recommendations
203
ch. 8
Epilogue
205
8.1.
Can the Proposed QALY Framework Improve the Current Assessment of Pain and Suffering Damages?
206
8.2.
Using a Measure from Health Economics in the Context of Tort Law
211
8.3.
QALYs in Legal and Law and Economics Scholarship
213
8.4.
Avenues for Future Research
216
8.5.
The Way Forward
216
Bibliography
219