Copyright law / by Jane C. Ginsburg, Robert A. Gorman.
2012
KF2994 .G56 2012 (Map It)
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Author
Ginsburg, Jane C.
Title
Copyright law / by Jane C. Ginsburg, Robert A. Gorman.
Published
New York : Foundation Press/Thomson Reuters, 2012.
Call Number
KF2994 .G56 2012
ISBN
9781599412511
1599412519
1599412519
Description
xv, 309 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)793284397
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Onsite Print Resources
Shared Records
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Shared Records
All Resources
Gift
Gift of the Dean, David M. Schizer
Added Author
Gorman, Robert A., 1937-
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Gift of the Dean, David M. Schizer
Table of Contents
Preface
v
Bibliographic Note
vii
ch. 1
History and Background
1
I.
The Copyright Statutes
2
A.
British antecedents and the 1790 Act
2
B.
The Copyright Act of 1909
6
C.
The Copyright Act of 1976 and its frequent amendments
6
II.
Copyright as an Element of Intellectual Property Law
8
A.
Patents
9
B.
Trademarks
10
C.
Copyright and Chattels
11
III.
Copyright Office and Judicial Review
12
ch. 2
The Subject Matter of Copyright
15
I.
General Principles
15
A.
Original authorship
15
B.
Originality under the 1976 Copyright Act
19
C.
Fixed in a tangible medium of expression
22
1.
Musical Performers' Fixation Right
23
2.
Special rule for transmissions---Simultaneous fixation
24
3.
Fixation and digital media
25
D.
Categories of works
26
II.
The Distinction Between Idea and Expression
27
A.
Development of the distinction
27
B.
Copyrightability of computer programs
33
III.
Compilations and Derivative Works
35
A.
Compilations
37
B.
Derivative works
41
IV.
Other Categories of Works: Particular Problems
45
A.
Pictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works
45
1.
Useful articles
47
2.
Separability
48
B.
Architectural works
51
C.
Works of visual art
52
D.
Pictorial and Literary Characters
53
E.
Sound Recordings
55
F.
Government Works
56
ch. 3
Ownership of Copyright
59
I.
Initial Ownership of Copyright
59
A.
Works made for hire
60
1.
Employee-created works
61
2.
Certain commissioned works
63
B.
Joint works
65
C.
Collective works
67
II.
Transfer of Copyright Ownership
69
A.
Divisibility
69
B.
Formal requirements
70
C.
Scope of the grant
71
ch. 4
Duration and Renewal and Authors' Reversion Rights
74
I.
The Renewal Format
75
A.
Under the 1909 Act
75
B.
Subsequent amendments to the renewal scheme
78
C.
Derivative works prepared during the initial term
79
II.
Duration of Copyright Under the 1976 Act
81
A.
Works created after 1977
81
B.
The Transition from the 1909 Act: the Duration of Works First Published, or Created but not yet Published, before the 1976 Act's Effective Date
82
1.
Transitional rules
83
2.
General rule for calculation of term
84
C.
The 1998 "Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act"
85
D.
Restoration of copyrights in foreign works
86
1.
Implementation of copyright restoration
86
2.
Constitutionality of copyright restoration
88
III.
Termination of Transfers
91
A.
Contracts concluded after 1977
91
1.
In general
91
2.
Derivative works exception
93
3.
"Gap works"---terminability of pre-1978 agreements to transfer copyright in works not created until 1978 or later
94
B.
Termination of transfers of copyright executed before 1978
95
1.
In general
95
2.
Caselaw
96
a.
Adequacy of notice to grantees
97
b.
Scope of the derivative-works exception to termination
98
c.
Inalienability: "any agreement to the contrary"
101
C.
Termination Time Line
105
ch. 5
Copyright Formalities
107
I.
Formalities Under the 1909 Copyright Act
107
A.
"Publication"
109
B.
Registration
111
II.
Formalities Under the 1976 Act
111
A.
"Publication"
111
B.
The notice requirement
112
1.
In general
112
2.
Effect of noncompliance with the notice requirement (for works published between 1978-1989)
114
3.
Effect of omission of notice after February 1989
115
C.
Deposit and Registration
117
1.
Registration as a prerequisite to suit
118
2.
1976 Act incentives to registration
120
3.
Other issues regarding registration under the 1976 Act
121
D.
"Orphan Works"
123
ch. 6
Exclusive Rights of the Copyright Owner
127
I.
The Right of Reproduction
128
A.
Reproduction in copies or phonorecords
128
1.
What is a "copy"?
129
2.
Who makes the copy?
132
3.
Proving copying and infringement
133
4.
Idea versus expression
137
B.
Reproduction of Music and Sound Recordings
140
1.
Reproducing musical works in phonorecords
140
2.
Reproducing sound recordings in phonorecords
143
3.
Private copying
144
II.
The Right to Prepare Derivative Works
146
III.
The Right of Public Distribution
151
A.
Digital distribution
152
1.
"Making available" as "distribution"
155
B.
First-sale doctrine
156
1.
In general
156
2.
Contractual avoidance of the first-sale doctrine?
158
3.
Digital first-sale?
159
4.
First-sale and the importation right
160
5.
Droit de suite
162
IV.
The Right of Public Performance
164
A.
Performance
165
B.
Public performance
168
C.
Public Performance Right in Sound Recordings
171
D.
Performing rights organizations
172
V.
The Right of Public Display
173
VI.
Visual Artists' Rights
175
ch. 7
Fair Use and Other Exemptions from the Exclusive Rights of the Copyright Owner
178
I.
Fair Use
178
A.
Statutory uses and factors
180
1.
The Preamble
181
2.
The four factors: Supreme Court fair use jurisprudence
182
B.
Fair use and the creation of new works
187
1.
"Transformative use"
187
2.
Market harm
190
3.
Other considerations
191
C.
Fair use and new technologies of copying and dissemination
193
1.
Videotaping and photocopying
193
2.
Digital copying and the Internet
195
II.
Exemptions and Compulsory Licenses
198
A.
Library copying
198
B.
Educational, nonprofit and other performances and displays
201
1.
Educational uses
201
2.
Other Section 110 exceptions
202
3.
First-sale doctrine and direct displays
204
C.
Cable television and other retransmissions
204
D.
Musical compulsory licenses
205
1.
Mechanical recordings and jukeboxes
205
2.
Sound-recording performance and digital-transmission rights
207
E.
Other exempted uses
208
ch. 8
Secondary Liability: General Principles and in Digital Communications
211
I.
General Principles
211
A.
Varieties of secondary liability
211
1.
Contributory infringement
212
2.
Vicarious liability
213
3.
Judicial development of the bases of secondary liability
214
4.
Whither Secondary Liability for Copyright Infringement?
218
II.
Service Provider Liability
219
A.
The statutory safe harbor regime
220
B.
Hosting Third-Party Content: The Application of the Exemption
221
1.
No direct financial benefit
223
2.
Right and Ability to Control Infringing Activity
224
3.
Knowledge standard
225
4.
Notice and take down ... and put back
226
5.
Remedies Available Against Hosts and Conduit Transmitters of Infringing Content
228
ch. 9
Enforcement of Copyright
229
I.
Jurisdictional and Procedural Issues
229
A.
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
229
B.
Personal jurisdiction
230
C.
Applicable Law
233
1.
Cross-border copyright infringement: When U.S. law applies
233
2.
Application of foreign copyright laws
234
D.
Standing: Who may sue
235
E.
Registration as a prerequisite to suit
237
F.
Limitations on liability: statute of limitations and sovereignimmunity
238
II.
Remedies
240
A.
Injunctions
240
B.
Damages
242
1.
Actual Damages and Profits
242
2.
Statutory Damages
245
C.
Costs and Attorney's Fees
247
D.
Criminal Liability
248
III.
Technological Protection Measures and Copyright Management Information
249
A.
Technological Protection Measures: The structure of section 1201
250
1.
Subject matter protected
250
2.
Nature of the access that the measure controls
252
3.
Acts prohibited
254
a.
Act of circumvention
254
b.
Trafficking in circumvention devices
255
4.
Exceptions to circumvention of access controls
255
5.
Copyright Office rulemaking
256
B.
Copyright Management Information
257
1.
Judicial application of section 1202
258
a.
What is Copyright Management Information?
258
b.
Location of Copyright Management Information
259
c.
Knowledge standard
260
ch. 10
State Law and Its Preemption
262
I.
State Anti-Copying Laws
262
A.
Federal Preemption
263
II.
Preemption under the 1976 Copyright Act
264
A.
Works within the scope of Federal copyright
266
B.
Equivalence of State law with rights under Federal copyright
268
C.
"Conflict" preemption
272
Table of Cases
275
Index
287