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Items
Details
Author
Title
Cyber law in Japan / Masao Yanaga.
Uniform Title
International encyclopaedia of laws. Cyber law.
Published
Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, [2014]
Copyright
©2014
Call Number
KNX80.C65 Y363 2014
Former Call Number
Jpn 059 Y15 2014
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9789041153142
9041153144
9041153144
Description
227 pages : 1 portrait ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)880668157
Note
"This book was originally published as a monograph in the International encyclopaedia of laws/Cyber law"--Title page.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 221-224) and index.
Record Appears in
Donation
Purchased from the income of the Toshiba Fund
Donation
The Toshiba Library for Japanese Legal Research
Purchased from the income of the Toshiba Fund
Table of Contents
The Author
3
List of Abbreviations
19
Preface
21
Introduction
23
ch. 1
General Background of the Country
23
1.
Geography And Population
23
2.
State Organs
23
3.
Court System
24
I.
The Organization of the Courts (Court Act [Law No. 59 of 16 April 1947], Articles 6 through 32)
24
A.
The Supreme Court (Saiko Saibansho)
24
B.
The High Court (Koto Saibansho)
24
C.
The District Court (Chiho Saibansho)
24
D.
The Summary Court (Kan'i Saibansho)
24
E.
The Family Court (Katei Saibansho)
25
II.
Appeals in Civil Cases
25
A.
First Appeal (Koso)
25
B.
Second Appeal (Jokoku)
25
4.
Characteristics Of Japanese Law
26
I.
Public Policy (Kojo) and Public Morals (Ryozoku)
26
II.
Abuse of Rights (Kenri Ran'yo)
26
III.
Fidelity (Shingi) and Good Faith (Seijitsu)
26
5.
Sources Of Law
27
I.
The Constitution (Kempo)
27
II.
Statutes (Horitsu)
27
III.
Ordinances
27
IV.
Custom
27
V.
Case Law
28
VI.
Joni (Recta Ratio)
28
ch. 2
Telecommunications Infrastructure
29
ch. 3
The Information and Communications Technology Market
30
ch. 4
E-Commerce: Facts and Figures
31
ch. 5
E-Government Initiatives
32
1.
The New It Reform Strategy
32
2.
Priority Policy Programme 2007
35
3.
A New Strategy In Information And Communications Technology
36
Part I Regulation of the ICT Market
39
ch. 1
Regulatory Framework of the ICT Sector
39
1.
Telecommunications Business Act
39
I.
Registration Requirement
39
A.
Registration
39
B.
Application and Registration
39
C.
Refusal to Register
40
D.
Revocation of Registration
41
E.
Striking Out the Record
41
F.
Succession
41
G.
Suspension and Discontinuation of Business
42
II.
Notification Requirement
42
III.
Tariffs and Interconnection
43
A.
Tariffs
43
B.
Duty to Provide Services
46
C.
Category I Designated Telecommunications Facilities
46
D.
Category II Designated Telecommunications Facilities
48
E.
Order to Reopen Negotiations for Interconnection or Interconnect
49
IV.
Telecommunications Facilities
50
A.
Maintenance of Technical Conditions
50
B.
Administrative Rules of Telecommunications Facilities for Telecommunications Business
51
C.
Chief Telecommunications Engineer
52
D.
Standards for Telecommunications Numbers
52
2.
Radio Law
53
I.
License
53
II.
Application for a License for Specified Radio Stations
53
III.
Application for a License for Radio Stations
54
IV.
License and Examination
54
A.
Provisional License
54
B.
Examination Standards
54
C.
Disqualification
54
D.
Inspection after Provisional Licensing
55
E.
Simplified Licensing Procedure
55
F.
Other Required Procedures
55
ch. 2
Regulation of Competition in the ICT Market
57
1.
Overview Of Competition Regulation In Japan
57
I.
Unreasonable Restraint of Trade and Private Monopolization
57
II.
Unfair Trade Practices
58
A.
Concerted Refusal to Deal
58
B.
Other Refusal to Deal
58
C.
Discriminatory Pricing
58
D.
Discriminatory Treatment on Transaction Terms
59
E.
Discriminatory Treatment in a Trade Association
59
F.
Unjust Low Price Sales
59
G.
Unjust High Price Purchase
59
H.
Deceptive Customer Inducement
59
I.
Customer Inducement by Unjust Benefits
59
J.
Tie-In Sales
59
K.
Dealing on Exclusive Terms
60
L.
Resale Price Restriction
60
M.
Dealing on Restrictive Terms
60
N.
Abuse of Dominant Bargaining Position
60
O.
Interference with a Competitor's Transaction
61
P.
Interference with Internal Operation of a Competing Company
61
III.
Injunction and Damages
61
2.
Exemptions
62
3.
Facilitating Competition In The Telecommunication Service Market
62
I.
Deregulation of Telecommunications Charges
62
II.
KDD Regulations
62
III.
Interconnection of Networks
62
IV.
Access Channel Technology
62
V.
Restrictions on International Traffic Routing
63
VI.
NTT
63
VII.
Liberalization of Services
63
VIII.
Foreign Investment
63
IX.
Designated Facilities
63
4.
Provision Of Technological Information On Platform Software
64
5.
Software Licensing Agreements
66
ch. 3
Regulation of Cryptography and Other Dual Use Goods
70
ch. 4
Legal Status of Standardization
71
1.
Industrial Standardization Law
71
2.
Japanese Industrial Standards
71
3.
MS Marking System
71
4.
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
72
5.
Amendments To The Industrial Standardization Law In 1997
72
I.
Speeding-Up of JIS Development Process
72
II.
Japan Accreditation System for Product Certification Bodies of JIS Mark (JASC)
72
III.
Japanese National Laboratory Accreditation (JNLA) System
73
ch. 5
Legal Status of Out-of-Court Dispute Settlement in the ICT Sector
74
1.
Arbitration
74
2.
Conciliation
74
3.
Consultation
74
4.
Out-Of-Court Dispute Settlement For The ICT Sector
75
Part II Protection of Intellectual Property in the ICT Sector
77
ch. 1
Application of Copyright in the Area of ICT
77
1.
'Work', 'Programme', And 'Database'
77
2.
Author's Right
77
3.
Derivative Work
78
4.
Duration Of Copyright
78
5.
Infringement And Injunction
79
6.
Acts Deemed As Infringing
80
7.
Damages
80
ch. 2
Legal Protection of Software
83
1.
Copyright
83
I.
Copyright Protection
83
II.
Employee's Work
85
III.
Programme Registration
86
A.
Registration
86
B.
Programme Register
86
C.
Procedure for Programme Registration
86
D.
Designated Registration Body
86
IV.
Special Provision Regarding Infringement
87
V.
The Limit to Private Use Exemption
87
2.
Patent
88
I.
Software-Related Inventions and Patentability
88
II.
Guideline for Software-Related Inventions
88
III.
2002 Amendments to the Patent Act
90
IV.
Non-obviousness
90
A.
Application to Other Fields
91
B.
Addition of a Commonly Known Means or Replacement by Equivalent
91
C.
Implementation by Software of Functions that are Otherwise Performed by Hardware
91
D.
Systematization of Human Transactions
91
E.
Reproduction of a Known Event in Computerized Virtual Space
91
F.
Design Modification on the Basis of Known Facts or Customs
92
V.
Patent Application
92
A.
Applicant
92
B.
First-to-File Rule
92
C.
Patentee's Right
93
D.
Effect of Registration
93
E.
Permitted Exploitation
94
F.
Joint Ownership
94
G.
Exclusive License
94
H.
Non-exclusive License
95
I.
Pledge on a Patent
95
J.
Infringement
95
K.
Penal Provision
96
ch. 3
Legal Protection of Databases
97
ch. 4
Legal Protection of Computer Chips
99
1.
Protection Of Topography
99
2.
Effect Of Registration
99
3.
Permitted Exploitation
100
4.
Joint Ownership
100
5.
Exclusive License
101
6.
Non-Exclusive License
101
7.
Pledge On A Topography Right
101
8.
Infringement
101
9.
Compensation
103
10.
Penal Provision
103
ch. 5
Other Intellectual Property Rights in the ICT Sector
104
1.
Utility Model
104
I.
Utility Model and Invention
104
II.
Utility Model Right
105
III.
Exclusive Licenses
105
IV.
Non-exclusive Licenses
105
V.
Infringement
105
A.
Injunction
105
B.
Acts Deemed as Infringing
106
C.
Calculation of Damages
106
D.
Presumption of Damages
106
2.
Design
106
I.
Scope of Protection
106
II.
Registration Application
107
III.
Secret Designs
108
IV.
Employees' Design
108
V.
Design Right
108
VI.
Permitted Exploitation
109
VII.
Joint Ownership
109
VIII.
Exclusive License
109
IX.
Non-exclusive License
110
X.
Pledge on a Design
110
XI.
Effect of Registration
110
XII.
Infringement
111
XIII.
Penal Provision
112
ch. 6
Internet Domain Name Registration
113
1.
Internet Domain Name Registration
113
2.
JP Domain Name Dispute Resolution Proceeding
114
3.
Trademarks, Trade Names, And Domain Names
115
4.
Unfair Competition Act And Domain Names
117
Part III ICT Contracts
119
ch. 1
Hardware Contracts
120
1.
Notification Of Actions
120
2.
Warranty
120
3.
Time Of Acceptance Of Products
122
4.
Disclaimer And Liability Limitation
122
5.
Exports Outside The Country
123
ch. 2
Software Contracts
124
1.
Software Licensing Agreements
124
I.
Conditions of License
124
A.
Restrictions on Installation
124
B.
Restrictions on Reproduction
124
C.
Prohibition to Provide to a Third Party
124
D.
Restriction on Alternation
124
E.
Assignment of the Licensee's Right and Know-How
125
F.
Prohibition of Reverse Engineering
125
II.
Notification of Actions
125
III.
Warranty
126
IV.
Disclaimer and Liability Limitation
126
2.
Software Development Agreement
126
I.
Examination and Test
126
II.
Grant of Rights
127
III.
Warranty
127
IV.
Others' Intellectual Property
128
V.
Confidentiality Agreements
129
VI.
Subcontract
129
ch. 3
Turnkey Contracts
130
1.
Area For Installation
130
2.
Indentification
130
3.
Training
131
ch. 4
Distribution Agreements
132
1.
Master Distributorship Agreement
132
2.
Minimum Quantities
132
3.
Property Rights
132
4.
Confidentiality Agreement
133
5.
Exports Outside The Country
133
6.
Disclaimer And Liability Limitation
133
ch. 5
Maintenance Contracts
134
1.
Hardware Maintenance Agreement
134
I.
Scope of Services
134
II.
Sole Maintenance Provider
134
III.
Disclaimer and Liability Limitation
134
2.
Software Support And Maintenance Agreement
135
I.
Scope of Services
135
II.
Support Limitation
135
III.
Source Code
135
IV.
Disclaimer and Liability Limitation
136
ch. 6
Facilities Management
137
ch. 7
Network Services
138
1.
Administrative Control
138
I.
Limitation of Liability
138
2.
Limitation Of Liability And Disclaimer
139
I.
Disclaimer
140
II.
The Validity of Disclaimer
140
ch. 8
Government Contracts
141
1.
Tendering Procedures
141
I.
Three Procedures Available for Government Procurement
141
A.
Open Tendering Procedures
141
B.
Selective Tendering Procedures
142
C.
Limited (Single) Tendering Procedures
142
II.
Notification of the Request for Materials
143
III.
Procurement Valued at No Less Than 800,000 SDR
143
IV.
Meetings on Government Procurement
144
V.
Collection and Dissemination of Information
144
VI.
Qualification for Participating in Tender Procedures
145
2.
Unfair Bids
146
3.
Performance Bond
147
4.
Limitation Of Liability
147
Part IV Electronic Transactions
149
ch. 1
Legal Status of Electronic Transactions
149
1.
Contract Formation
149
I.
General Principles of Contract Formation
149
II.
Exceptions to the Postal Rule in E-Commerce
150
III.
Writing Requirement
150
2.
Record Keeping
151
I.
Record-Keeping Requirement
151
II.
Electronic Ledger Storage Act
152
III.
Commercial Code and Companies Act 2005
153
3.
Evidentiary Issues
154
ch. 2
Regulation of Electronic Signatures and Certification Services
155
1.
Regulation Of Electronic Signatures
155
2.
Regulation Of Electronic Certification Services
155
I.
Private Sector
155
A.
A Law Concerning Electronic Signatures and Certification Services
155
B.
Application for Accreditation
156
C.
Disqualification
156
D.
Requirements for Accreditation
157
E.
Renewal of Accreditation
157
F.
Succession
157
G.
Business Closing
158
H.
Duty of an Accredited Certification Service Provider
158
I.
Mark
158
J.
Revocation of Accreditation
159
K.
Accreditation of a Foreign Certification Service
159
L.
Designated Investigating Organization
159
M.
Liability
162
II.
Electronic Certification Services Based on the Commercial Registry
163
3.
Electronic Notary
164
ch. 3
Legal Aspects of Electronic Banking
165
1.
Payment And Settlement System In Japan
165
I.
BOJ-NET
165
II.
Zengin Data Telecommunications System
166
III.
Foreign Exchange Yen Clearing System
166
2.
Some Issues Concerning Electronic Banking
166
I.
Unauthorized Transfers
167
A.
Funds Transfers
167
B.
Electronic Banking
167
II.
Incomplete Declaration of Intent
168
III.
Network Liability
169
ch. 4
Protection of Users of Electronic Services
170
1.
Right To Revoke
170
I.
Consumer Contracts Act
170
II.
Law Concerning the Exceptions to the Civil Code
172
2.
Standard Contracts Or General Conditions
173
I.
General
173
II.
Self-Regulation in E-Commerce Industry
174
III.
Consumer Contracts Act
174
IV.
Act on Special Commercial Practices
176
V.
Internet Auction
176
Part V Non-contractual Liability
179
ch. 1
Negligence
179
1.
General
179
2.
Fault
179
3.
Unlawfulness
179
4.
Burden Of Proof
180
5.
Scope Of Loss To Be Compensated
180
6.
Employer's Liability
180
ch. 2
Liability of Network Operators
182
ch. 3
Liability of Service Providers
183
1.
Before 2001 Legislation
183
2.
Isp's Liability Limitation And Sender Data Disclosure Act
184
ch. 4
Product Liability
186
1.
Civil Code
186
I.
Incomplete Performance
186
II.
Seller's Liability for Hidden Defects
186
III.
Torts
187
2.
Product Liability Act
187
Part VI Privacy Protection
189
ch. 1
Regulation of Personal Data Processing
189
1.
Protection Of Personal Information Held By Administrative Organs
189
2.
Credit Data Protection
190
3.
Ministy Of International Trade And Industry Guidelines
191
4.
JIS Q 15001
191
5.
'Privacy Protection Mark' System
195
6.
Personal Information Protection Act
197
I.
Definition
197
II.
Duties of Personal Information Service Businesses
197
III.
The Competent Minister's Authority
200
ch. 2
Protection of Telecommunications Privacy
201
1.
Statutory Provisions
201
2.
Self-Regulation
201
Part VII Computer-Related Crime
205
ch. 1
General Legal Development
205
ch. 2
Application of Substantive Criminal Law in the Area of ICT
207
1.
Forging Documents
207
2.
Forgery Or Unauthorized Alteration Of Securities
208
3.
Destruction Of Electromagnetic Records
209
4.
Computer Sabotage
209
5.
Property Crimes
210
6.
Electronic Certification
210
I.
Application for Untrue Electronic Certification
210
II.
Illegal Use of Mark of an Accredited Certification Service Provider
210
7.
Unauthorized Computer Access
211
8.
2011 Amendments
213
ch. 3
Application of Criminal Procedure Law in the Area of ICT
214
1.
Search And Seizure
214
I.
Before 2011
214
II.
2011 Amendments
215
2.
Wiretapping
215
I.
Before 1999
215
II.
The Law Concerning the Wiretapping of Communications for the Investigation of Crimes
216
3.
Electromagnetic Record And Evidence
216
Conclusions
219
Selected Bibliography
221
Index
225