Drafting legislation : art and technology of rules for regulation / Helen Xanthaki.
2014
KD4238 .X36 2014 (Map It)
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Items
Details
Author
Title
Drafting legislation : art and technology of rules for regulation / Helen Xanthaki.
Published
Oxford, United Kingdom ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2014.
Call Number
KD4238 .X36 2014
ISBN
9781849464284 (hbk.)
1849464286 (hbk.)
1849464286 (hbk.)
Description
xxvi, 374 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)881206892
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
xiii
Table of Legislation
xxi
1.
Legislation as a Means of Regulation: Effectiveness in Legislative Drafting
1
Introduction
1
The Nature of Rules for Regulation: Art or Technology?
10
The Universality of Rules for Regulation
16
Compilations of Rules for Regulation: Homogeneity versus Rigidity?
19
Conclusions
20
2.
Drafting Instructions
21
What are Drafting Instructions?
22
Purposes of Drafting Instructions
24
The Four Principles of Drafting Instructions
27
What is the Content of Drafting Instructions?
29
Quality of Legislative Instructions
32
Style of Drafting Instructions
34
Conclusions: a Checklist for Quality Drafting Instructions
35
To Sum Up: Checklist for Legislative Instructions
36
3.
The Legislative Plan: Designing a Legislative Solution
38
Designing a Legislative Solution: What is it?
39
The Advantages of Compiling a Legislative Plan
41
The Elements of Analysis in the Legislative Plan
44
Analysis of the Existing Law
44
Analysis of the Necessity of Legislation as a Solution to the Identified Social Need
46
Analysis of Potential Danger Areas
48
Analysis of the Policy Options and the Preferred Legislative Solution
51
Analysis of the Projected Interpretation of the Legislation
57
Initial Considerations of Structure: Thring's Five 'Golden Rules'
59
Conclusions
60
4.
Structure of a Bill
61
The Theory: Lord Thring's Five Rules of Drafting Revisited
62
More Doctrine: Bergeron's Rules
65
The Practice: Thornton's Approach
66
Structure in Brief: the Traditional Style
67
Structure in Brief: Innovation
68
Arrangements in Parts
71
Headings
73
Sections
74
Marginal Notes
74
Marginal References
76
Table of Arrangements or Arrangement of Sections
76
Real Innovation: the Layered Approach
76
An Example of the Layered Approach in Action: The Succession to Crown Act 2013 (UK)
79
5.
Clarity, Precision, Unambiguity and the Legislative Sentence
85
The Basics
85
Ambiguity and Vagueness
88
Semantic Ambiguity
92
Common Problems with Small Words: May, Shall, And/Or
92
Unless---Except
94
Scale Indicators
95
Terms Conveying Ranges of Numbers, Days, Dates and Ages
95
That and Which
96
Serial Commas and Ambiguity
98
Syntactic Ambiguity or Ambiguity at the Sentence Level
98
The Placement Problem
99
Modifiers of Nouns
100
Punctuation: Thornton's Four Rules of Punctuation
102
Gender-Neutral Drafting (gnd)
103
6.
Plain Language
108
What is Plain Language?
108
Plain Language Aspect 1
Knowing your Audience
113
Plain Language Aspect 2
Easy Communication
116
Common Problems of Legislative Texts
117
Best Practices for an Easy Communication: Plain Language Innovations
123
The Debate: Concerns with Plain Language
125
Concern 1
Plain Language Lowers the Standards of Good Writing
125
Concern 2
Intelligibility
126
Concern 3
Plain Language Can only be Achieved if Certainty is Sacrificed
127
Concern 4
Plain Language Leads to a Loss of Established Meanings of Words Settled over Centuries of Judicial Interpretation
129
The Way Forward
130
7.
Preliminary Provisions
132
The Structure of an Act
133
Preliminary Provisions: A Plain Language Approach
133
The Introductory Text (Formerly Known as Long Title)
139
Enacting Clause
141
Start Date (Formerly Known as Commencement)
143
Application Provisions
147
Innovations for the Future
147
8.
Principal Provisions: the National, EU and International Dimension
149
Principal Provisions
149
Substantive Provisions
151
Administrative Agency Provisions
152
The EU Dimension: National Implementing Measures
152
The Choice of Form
154
The Choice of Language, Syntax and Structure
164
Summing up
168
The International Dimension: Implementing International Agreements
169
Innovation
174
9.
Final Provisions
176
Saving Provisions
176
Transitional Provisions
179
Repeals and Consequential Amendments
182
Purpose Clause/Objectives
185
Commencement/Duration Provisions or Start/End Date
188
Short Title
190
Schedules
191
Schedule of Definitions
194
Other Schedules
196
1.
Comparative Legislative Drafting
199
The Cliches
201
Statutory Interpretation
202
Rules of Interpretation and Construction in the Common Law: Ilbert's Rules
202
Rules of Interpretation and Construction in the Civil Law World
204
The End of the Cold War in (Statutory) Interpretation
204
Stare Decisis
205
Drafting Rules and Conventions
207
Conclusions
211
11.
Time in Legislation
213
Prospective Provisions
214
Legalising Provisions
215
Retrospective Legislation
219
Retroactive Provisions
220
The Drafter and Legalising Provisions
220
12.
Amending Provisions
223
Initial Considerations
224
Express and Implied Amendment
225
Direct and Indirect Amendment
226
Drafting Techniques for Direct Textual Amendments
231
Indirect Amendments
235
Amalgamating Indirect Referential Amendment with Direct Textual Amendment
238
Consequential Amendments
239
Implied Repeals
240
13.
Penal Provisions
242
Drafting Instructions: Initial Considerations
243
The Legislative Plan
244
The Parts of a Penal Provisions
246
Rules of Construction
247
General Rules and Innovation
247
Expressing the Conduct
248
Sanctions
249
Special Circumstances
250
Defences
252
Special Considerations
253
14.
Delegated Legislation
257
What is Delegated Legislation?
257
The Role of the Drafter in Delegated Legislation
260
Use of Delegated Legislation
262
Validity of Delegated Legislation
267
Construction
269
15.
Drafting for Consolidation V Drafting for Codification
276
Codification
278
Consolidation
281
Codification versus Consolidation
284
Diverse Models and the EU
287
16.
Taxation Legislation
290
Understanding Drafting Instructions: Initial Considerations for the Drafter
290
Analysing the Proposal
291
Designing the Law
292
Initial Design
298
Drafting
299
Verification
302
Use of Code
303
17.
Extra-territorial Legislation
304
The Theory of Extra-territoriality: Realism, Liberalism and Beyond
306
Extra-territoriality in Practice
310
Blocking Legislation
314
Alternatives to Blocking Legislation
316
The Rules on Extra-territorial Legislation
317
18.
Statutory Interpretation and Legislative Drafting
318
Current Techniques of Statutory Interpretation in the UK
320
The Drafters' Duty
327
Presumptions
328
Maxims
330
Drafting and Statutory Interpretation
330
19.
Quality of Legislation Post-Lisbon and the Role of Parliaments
333
The Eu's Regulatory Framework for Legislative Quality
333
The Post-Lisbon Smart Regulation Initiative
338
The UK Approach to Regulatory Quality
347
Modern Parliaments and Legislative Quality
351
20.
Legislative Education and Training
354
Education and Training
354
Training versus Mentoring on the Job
358
Clinical Education and Training in Legislative Drafting
361
National versus Universal Training for Drafters
362
Conclusions
364
Index
366