Foreword / Marie Jacobsson

vii

Introduction Rethinking International Law and the Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflict / Rosemary Rayfuse

1

1.

The Protection of the Natural Environment in Armed Conflict -- Existing Rules and Need for Further Legal Protection / Marie-Louise Tougas

11

2.

The Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflict: Legal Obligations in the Absence of Specific Rules / Dieter Fleck

45

3.

The Principle of Ambituity and the Prohibition against Excessive Collateral Damage to the Environment during Armed Conflict / Erik V. Koppe

59

4.

The Ethics, Principles and Objectives of Protection of the Environment in Times of Armed Conflict / Michael Bothe

91

5.

Advancing the Legal Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflict: Protocol I's Threshold of Impermissible Environmental Damage and Alternatives / Carson Thomas

109

6.

Environmental Protection in Armed Conflict: Filling the Gaps with Sustainable Development / Onita Das

129

7.

Environment and War: Lessons from International Cultural Heritage Law / Lucas Lixinski

157

8.

The Role of Multilateral Environmental Agreements in Armed Conflict: `Green-keeping' in Virunga Park. Applying the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in the Armed Conflict of the Democratic Republic of the Congo / Britta Sjostedt

179

9.

From Engines for Conflict into Engines for Sustainable Development: The Potential of International Law to Address Predatory Exploitation of Natural Resources in Situations of Internal Armed Conflict / Daniella Dam-de Jong

205

Index

229