Precedents and case-based reasoning in the European Court of Justice : unfinished business / Marc Jacob.
2014
KJE5461 .J325 2014 (Map It)
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Details
Title
Precedents and case-based reasoning in the European Court of Justice : unfinished business / Marc Jacob.
Published
Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York : Cambridge University Press, [2014]
Copyright
©2014
Call Number
KJE5461 .J325 2014
ISBN
9781107045491 (hardback)
1107045495 (hardback)
9781139899321 (PDF ebook)
1107045495 (hardback)
9781139899321 (PDF ebook)
Description
xv, 339 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)854761790
Summary
"Past cases are the European Court of Justice's most prominent tool in making and justifying the rulings and decisions which affect the everyday lives of more than half a billion people. Marc Jacob's detailed analysis of the use of precedents and case-based reasoning in the Court uses methods such as doctrinal scholarship, empirical research, institutional analysis, comparative law and legal theory in order to unravel and critique the how and why of the Court's precedent technique. In doing so, he moves the wider debate beyond received 'common law' versus 'civil law' figments and 'Eurosceptic' versus 'Euromantic' battle lines, and also provides a useful blueprint for assessing and comparing the case law practices of other dispute resolution bodies"-- Provided by publisher.
"This book aims to provide a fresh eye to a topic that is both abiding and acute, and to deliberately do so by an amalgam of various juxtapositions: European law and international law, common law and civil law, doctrine and theory, legal academe and practice. Whether or not it succeeds, this work could not have been written without the contribution of many. Over the years, I have benefitted greatly from the insights of talented individuals too numerous to mention. My three intellectual homes - University College London, Harvard Law School and the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law - have all deeply influenced this work in their own unique way. "-- Provided by publisher.
"This book aims to provide a fresh eye to a topic that is both abiding and acute, and to deliberately do so by an amalgam of various juxtapositions: European law and international law, common law and civil law, doctrine and theory, legal academe and practice. Whether or not it succeeds, this work could not have been written without the contribution of many. Over the years, I have benefitted greatly from the insights of talented individuals too numerous to mention. My three intellectual homes - University College London, Harvard Law School and the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law - have all deeply influenced this work in their own unique way. "-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 297-323) and index.
Available in Other Form
ebook version 9781139899321
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
List of figures
xi
Acknowledgements
xiii
List of abbreviations
xv
1.
Introduction
1
A.
Mapping the prolific juggernaut
1
B.
Four theses
6
C.
The course of the book
8
2.
Setting precedents: Law made in Luxembourg
10
A.
The different meanings of precedent
10
B.
The attraction of precedent
12
i.
Substantive
13
ii.
Systemic
14
C.
Factors conducive to positive precedent
16
i.
Brevity and fecundity of (treaty) language
16
ii.
Absence of widespread codification
17
iii.
Finality, recognition and effective enforcement
18
iv.
Multiplicity of influences and polycentricity of actors
18
D.
Models denying ECJ law-making
20
i.
The binary model: static sources or the tyranny of the letter
21
ii.
The ternary model: dynamic development or having one's cake and eating it
33
E.
Models recognising ECJ law-making
40
i.
The pragmatic model: the tyranny of the lawyer
40
ii.
An alternative model: avoiding the tyranny of letter and lawyer
46
(a).
Limited cognition and legal information
47
(b).
The imperative strikes back
56
(c).
Beyond optionality and finality
59
F.
Dimensions of positive precedent
61
i.
Not legislation or treaty-making
61
ii.
Not stare decisis
66
iii.
Individual law-making
66
iv.
General law-making
67
3.
Determining the essence of ECJ precedents
70
A.
The inevitability of interpretation
70
B.
Universalisability
72
i.
Horizontal
73
ii.
Vertical
74
C.
Linking cases
80
i.
Rules of relevance
80
ii.
Scepticism
82
iii.
Reasoned reconstruction
83
iv.
Institutional memory
84
4.
Precedent application by the ECJ
87
A.
Methodological preliminaries
87
i.
Data set
87
ii.
Caveats
89
B.
Frequency
92
i.
Popularity and density
92
ii.
Frequency: the new normativity?
93
C.
Precision
94
i.
Verbatim reproduction: echoes and LEGO®
95
ii.
General mention: forest not trees
97
iii.
Specific mention
99
(a).
String citation
100
(b).
Substantive citation
105
D.
Use
113
i.
Classifying a legal issue or fact
114
ii.
Identifying relevant legal provisions
115
iii.
Stating the law
116
iv.
Interpreting the law
117
v.
Interpreting specific provisions
118
vi.
Interpreting prior cases
121
vii.
Justifying an interpretation
122
viii.
Asserting facts
123
ix.
Affirming conclusions
124
E.
Interim conclusion
125
5.
Avoiding ECJ precedents I: Distinguishing
127
A.
Technique
127
B.
Practice: frequent evasion
130
i.
Type 1: disapplication
131
ii.
Type 2: manipulation
138
iii.
Type 3: obitering
140
C.
Coherence: the new normativity?
145
6.
Avoiding ECJ precedents II: Departing
155
A.
Technique
155
B.
Practice: faux infallibility
159
C.
Grounds
163
i.
Precedent was incorrectly decided
163
ii.
Precedent is unworkable in practice
167
iii.
Legal anachronism I: incompatibility with subsequent decisions
168
iv.
Legal anachronism II: incompatibility with other changes in the law
170
v.
Imbalance between principles
171
vi.
Changed factual or societal premises
175
D.
Factors
176
i.
Precedent weight: the threshold
176
ii.
Equality and non-discrimination: a tentative test
179
iii.
Legitimate expectations: another tentative test
180
7.
ECJ precedents in context
183
A.
Asymmetry
183
i.
Effectiveness
184
ii.
Lack of appellate review and ready political corrective
184
B.
Function of the Court
186
i.
Depoliticisation
186
ii.
Different roles
186
C.
Supranational aspects
189
i.
Institutional embedding
189
ii.
Permanence
190
iii.
(De)centralisation
191
iv.
Potential impact
193
D.
Internal arrangements
195
i.
Special formations
195
ii.
Assistance
197
iii.
Composite judgments
201
iv.
Language
206
E.
Mode and style of justification
208
F.
Case-load
212
i.
Age and volume of precedents
212
ii.
Subject matter diversity and abstraction
213
G.
Oubliettes and guillotines
216
8.
The normativity of ECJ precedents
218
A.
Conceptual approaches
218
B.
Archetypes
220
i.
Civil law systems
220
(a).
Codes and rational deduction
220
(b).
Entrenched negation
224
(c).
Express exceptions
228
ii.
Common law systems
232
(a).
Stare (in)decisis
232
(b).
Historical exceptionalism
235
iii.
International law
238
C.
The ECJ
243
i.
The view of the academy
243
ii.
The view from within
245
iii.
Reconstruction
253
(a).
Denial of law-making
254
(b).
Entrenched negation
254
(c).
Legality and limited mandate
255
(d).
Substantive support
259
(e).
Normative effect beyond bindingness
262
D.
Sacramental fiction
272
9.
Conclusions and suggestions
276
Appendix A
ECJ Grand Chamber data
283
Appendix B
Investment Tribunal data
290
Bibliography
297
Index
325