Confronting capital punishment in Asia : human rights, politics and public opinion / edited by Roger Hood, Professor Emeritus of Criminology University of Oxford and Surya Deva, Associate Professor City University of Hong Kong.
2013
HV8699.A78 C66 2013 (Map It)
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Title
Confronting capital punishment in Asia : human rights, politics and public opinion / edited by Roger Hood, Professor Emeritus of Criminology University of Oxford and Surya Deva, Associate Professor City University of Hong Kong.
Published
Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2013.
Call Number
HV8699.A78 C66 2013
Edition
First edition.
ISBN
9780199685776 (hbk.)
0199685770 (hbk.)
0199685770 (hbk.)
Description
xiv, 321 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)857524172
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Contributors
xii
Introduction / Surya Deva
1
I.
SITUATING ASIA IN AN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONTEXT
1.
State Execution: Is Asia Different and Why? / Franklin E Zimring
13
1.
Patterns of Death Penalty Policy in Asia
13
2.
Explaining Asian Differences
16
Public opinion
19
Single nation parochialism
21
3.
Two Modest Proposals
22
2.
The Impact and Importance of International Human Rights Standards: Asia in World Perspective / Saul Lehrfieund
23
1.
Introduction
23
2.
Does International Law Prohibit the Death Penalty?
24
3.
The Development of International Norms and the Worldwide Trend Towards Abolition of the Death Penalty---A Dynamic Relationship
25
4.
The Applicable International Human Rights Standards
29
Transparency and the need for data
29
The scope of the death penalty
30
Minimum fair trial guarantees
32
5.
The Impact of International Human Rights Obligations on the Domestic Law---The Role of the Judiciary in Harmonizing Standards
37
The mandatory death penalty
38
Pardons and petitions of mercy
42
6.
Concluding Remarks
45
3.
Examining China's Responses to the Global Campaign Against the Death Penalty / Michelle Miao
46
1.
Introduction
46
2.
Chinese Discourse and Practices on the Death Penalty: Changes and Resistance
47
An overview of attitudinal, normative, and institutional transformations regarding capital punishment in China
48
Resistance to justifications for, and setbacks to, the capital punishment reforms in China
52
3.
Evaluating the Impact of International Pressures on Chinese Capital Punishment Practices: Case Studies and Empirical Evidence
55
Banning the ritual of pre-execution shaming parades
55
The failed political intervention to save Akmal Shaikh from execution
59
Varying degrees of distrust among Chinese legal elites towards international human rights forces
64
4.
Conclusion
66
4.
The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in Abolishing Capital Punishment: A Critical Evaluation / YSR Murthy
68
1.
Introduction
68
2.
Role, Relevance, and Significance of NHRIs
69
3.
Positive Developments
71
4.
Areas of Concern and the Scope for Greater Engagement
72
India
72
Maldives
76
Thailand
79
Afghanistan
80
Bangladesh
83
Indonesia
85
Malaysia
86
Sri Lanka
87
5.
Conclusion
88
5.
The Role of Abolitionist Nations in Stopping the Use of the Death Penalty in Asia: The Case of Australia / Sam Garkawe
90
1.
Introduction
90
2.
Australia's Relationship with Asia
92
3.
Australian Internal Laws and Policies and its International Stance on the Death Penalty
93
4.
Australian Formal Laws and Policies in Relation to Cooperation with Asian Retentionist Nations in Criminal Matters
96
5.
Informal Australian Policies: Australian-Asian Agency to Agency Cooperation when the Asian Agency is Located in a State that Maintains the Death Penalty
99
6.
Conclusion
103
II.
THE PROGRESS SO FAR
6.
Recent Reforms and Prospects in China / Liu Renwen
107
1.
Introduction
107
2.
Cautious Application of the Death Penalty by the Courts
108
3.
Reducing Use of the Death Penalty Through Legislation
111
4.
Further Reduced Use of the Death Penalty
114
5.
Specific Systems for Reforming the Death Penalty
115
Prosecutorial supervision in reviewing capital sentences
115
Making the method of execution uniform
116
Separating the decision makers
117
Establishing a special amnesty and clemency system
118
6.
Conclusion
122
7.
Abolition of the Death Penalty in India: Legal, Constitutional, and Human Rights Dimensions / C Raj Kumar
123
1.
Introduction
123
2.
Capital Punishment and the Constitution of India
125
3.
The Dissenting Judgment of Justice Bhagwati in Bachan Singh
127
4.
The Shifting Sands of the `Rarest of Rare' Doctrine
128
5.
Constitutional Validity of the `Rarest of Rare' Doctrine
130
6.
Judicial Process and Arbitrariness of the Supreme Court: Some Recent Trends
131
7.
Situating Joseph Raz in the Death Penalty Debate
133
8.
Abolition of Death Penalty in India: Contemporary Challenges
135
9.
Emotions and Criminal Sentencing: An Analysis of Kasab's Case
137
10.
By Way of Conclusion
140
8.
Singapore's Death Penalty: The Beginning of the End? / Michael Hor
141
1.
After Amnesty
141
2.
The Condemned, His Counsel, and the Court of Appeal
142
The power to re-open completed proceedings
143
The constitutionality of the mandatory death penalty
145
The reviewability of pardons
150
3.
An Author, Contempt of Court, and Death Penalty Advocacy
154
4.
Explaining the Numbers
159
5.
The Beginning of the End?
163
9.
Progress and Problems in Japanese Capital Punishment / David T Johnson
168
1.
Japanese Exceptionalism in Historical Perspective
168
2.
Recent Reforms
170
3.
Cautious About Capital Punishment?
172
4.
The Dirty Dozen
175
5.
Two Ways Law Can Fail
180
6.
Japanese Futures
183
III.
PUBLIC OPINION AND DEATH PENALTY REFORM
10.
Capital Punishment Reform, Public Opinion, and Penal Elitism in the People's Republic of China / Berge Bakken
187
1.
Current Legal Reforms and Chinese Death Penalty Practices
187
2.
The False Explanation of the Chinese `Culture of Death Penalty'
192
3.
Public Opinion and the Death Penalty in China
195
4.
Public Opinion, Evidence Procedures, and the Emerging `Innocence Frame'
197
5.
From `Penal Populism' to `Penal Elitism'
200
11.
Challenging the Japanese Government's Approach to the Death Penalty / Mai Sato
205
1.
Introduction
205
2.
An Endless Dialogue: `It's Human Rights', `No, It's Public Opinion'
205
3.
Taking a Closer Look at the Japanese Government's Approach
207
4.
The Source of Majority Public Support: The Japanese Government Survey
209
5.
Questioning the Importance of the Death Penalty for the Japanese Public: Methodology and Findings
211
6.
Conclusion
216
Appendix: Government Survey Results
217
IV.
THE POLITICS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN PRACTICE
12.
Suspending Death in Chinese Capital Cases: The Road to Reform / Susan Trevaskes
221
1.
Introduction
221
2.
The Three Supreme Criminal Justice Policies in China
223
3.
The Two SPCs
226
4.
Three Post-2007 Key Developments
229
2007 and the `cash for clemency' controversy
230
Party and the SPC endorsement of balancing leniency and severity
231
The `stability maintenance' craze of 2010-11
232
2011 and beyond
233
5.
Conclusion
236
13.
Death Penalty in the `Rarest of Rare' Cases: A Critique of Judicial Choice-making / Surya Deva
238
1.
Introduction
238
2.
From `Special Reasons' to the `Rarest of Rare' Cases
241
3.
Judicial Choice-making: A Critique
245
Contentious reasons for imposing the death penalty
247
Dictating to the lower courts
248
Lack of adequate reasoning and/or analysis
248
Inconsistency and personal subjectivity vis-a-vis the Bachan Singh guidelines
249
Gender insensitivity
252
Inconsistency in resolving contentious social issues
254
Possibility of reform
255
4.
Conclusion
256
Appendix: The List of Reviewed Decisions Delivered by the Indian Supreme Court between 1 January 2010 and 10 October 2011
257
14.
Don't be Cruel ...: The `Death Row Phenomenon' and India's `Delay' Jurisprudence / Bikramjeet Batra
287
1.
Introduction
287
2.
The Death Row Phenomenon
288
A review of jurisprudence
289
Jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee
291
3.
Death Row and `Delay' Jurisprudence in India
297
Early development of the `delay' factor
298
Triveniben and the constitutional position
301
Solitary confinement and conditions of detention
303
`Capital gridlock' and the current context
304
4.
Conclusion---A March to the Gallows?
309
Index
313