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International commercial agreements and electronic commerce / William F. Fox.
Fox, William F. author.
2013
K1030 .F69 2013 (Map It)
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Access NoteThe Law Library in Jerome Greene Hall is currently closed for renovation. Please log in to request pickup from the temporary circulation desk in William and June Warren Hall.
Author
Fox, William F. author.
Title
International commercial agreements and electronic commerce / William F. Fox.
Uniform Title
International commercial agreements
Published
Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, [2013]
Call Number
K1030 .F69 2013
Edition
Fifth edition revised.
ISBN
9789041145611 (hbk. : alk. paper)
9041145613 (hbk. : alk. paper)
9041149880 (hbk. : alk. paper)
9789041149886 (hbk. : alk. paper)
Description
xiv, 411 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)863197847
Summary
This vloume offers precise information on a wide variety of issues encountered in setting up and performing international commercial agreements.
Note
Revision of the author's International commercial agreements.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Onsite Print Resources
Shared Records
All Resources
Preface and Acknowledgements
xiii
ch. 1
Introduction
1
1.1.
International Trade and This Book
1
1.2.
An Overview of International Commercial Transactions
3
1.3.
How to Use This Book
8
ch. 2
Sources of the Law of International Commercial Agreements
11
2.1.
Introduction
11
2.2.
Promulgation and Enforcement of Principles of Commercial Law
12
2.3.
The World's Major Legal Systems
14
2.4.
The Civil Law System
16
2.5.
The British Common Law System
20
2.6.
Commercial Law in the United States of America
22
2.7.
Socialist Legal Systems
24
2.7.1.
Life after the Soviet Union
26
2.7.2.
China
26
2.8.
Islamic Legal Systems
28
2.9.
The Impact of International Principles of Commercial Law
30
2.9.1.
International Law Generally
30
2.9.2.
The UNIDROIT Convention and the UNIDROIT Contract Principles
32
2.9.3.
The European Contract Principles
33
2.9.4.
The 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the CISG
34
a.
Scope
35
b.
Individual Provisions
36
2.9.5.
The 1974 UN Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods
39
ch. 3
Planning International Commercial Agreements
41
3.1.
Introduction
41
3.2.
Some Fundamental Principles of Contract Law
43
3.2.1.
Formation and Subject-Matter
44
3.2.2.
Performance
50
3.2.3.
Breach of Contract and Excused Performance
53
3.2.4.
Remedy
57
3.2.5.
Dispute Resolution
59
3.3.
The Different Forms of International Commercial Agreement
60
3.3.1.
Sales of Goods or Services
60
a.
The Sale of Goods Generally
60
b.
Barter and Countertrade
60
c.
The Sale of Services
63
3.3.2.
Agency and Distributorship Agreements
64
3.3.3.
Franchises
66
3.3.4.
Licensing and Technology Transfer
69
3.3.5.
Joint Ventures
69
3.3.6.
Other Forms of Agreement
71
3.4.
Planning for Dispute Resolution
72
3.4.1.
Adaptation
74
3.4.2.
Renegotiation
74
3.4.3.
Mediation/Conciliation
74
3.4.4.
Arbitration
75
3.4.5.
Litigation
76
3.4.6.
Other Forms of Dispute Resolution
77
3.5.
Financing and Paying for International Commercial Agreements
79
3.5.1.
Direct Payment
79
3.5.2.
Payment Devices
80
3.5.3.
Insuring Against Risks
83
3.6.
Other Considerations in Planning Commercial Agreements
85
3.6.1.
Tax Matters
85
3.6.2.
Antitrust Issues
86
3.6.3.
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duty Issues
88
3.6.4.
Export and Import Controls
89
3.6.5.
Ethical Considerations
90
a.
Anti-Bribery Measures
90
b.
Codes of Conduct
95
3.6.6.
Criminal Matters
96
3.7.
Special Regional Considerations in Planning International Commercial Agreements
97
3.7.1.
Trade with the EU
97
a.
The Council of Ministers
99
b.
The European Parliament
100
c.
The Commission
100
d.
The Court of Justice
101
3.7.2.
The NAFTA
101
a.
Elimination of Tariffs on Goods
103
b.
The Rules of Origin
103
c.
Trade in Services
104
d.
The Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
104
e.
Other Aspects of the Agreement
105
ch. 4
Drafting International Commercial Agreements
107
4.1.
Introduction
107
4.2.
Some Threshold Considerations
108
4.2.1.
Identifying Goals and Objectives
110
4.2.2.
Research as a Planning and Drafting Tool
112
4.2.3.
Beginning the Drafting Process
114
4.3.
The Use and Effect of a Letter of Intent
126
4.4.
Choosing the Language and the Law of the Agreement
128
4.4.1.
Choosing the Contract's Language
128
4.4.2.
Choosing the Contract's Applicable Law
129
a.
Affirmatively Choosing the Law
129
b.
Choosing the Law When the Contract Is Silent
132
4.5.
Using Standardized Clauses and Forms
134
4.6.
Sample Clauses in International Commercial Agreements-Formation and Performance
136
4.6.1.
The Quantity Term
137
4.6.2.
The Price Term
137
4.6.3.
The Payment Term
139
4.6.4.
Provisions Allocating Risk of Loss During Shipment
139
4.6.5.
Performance Clauses and Express and Implied Warranties
140
4.7.
Sample Clauses-Breach, Remedies and Miscellaneous
141
4.7.1.
Force Majeure Clauses
141
4.7.2.
Government Approval Clauses
142
4.7.3.
Penalty and Liquidated Damages Clauses
143
4.8.
Drafting the Dispute Resolution and Choice of Forum Clauses
143
4.9.
Some Concluding Comments
148
ch. 5
Negotiating International Commercial Agreements
151
5.1.
Introduction
151
5.2.
Establishing a Basic Framework for Negotiation: A Short Excursus in Negotiation Theory
152
5.2.1.
Diagramming a Negotiation
152
5.2.2.
Separating the People from the Problem
159
5.2.3.
Focus on Interests, not Positions
160
5.2.4.
Create Options for Mutual Gain
161
5.2.5.
Insist on Objective Criteria
161
5.2.6.
Know your "BATNA"
162
5.3.
The Stages of Commercial Negotiation
163
5.3.1.
Orientation and Positioning [„]
163
5.3.2.
Argumentation
165
5.3.3.
Emergence and Crisis,
165
5.3.4.
Agreement or Breakdown
165
5.4.
Negotiating Styles, Strategy, and Tactics
166
5.5.
Cross-Cultural Negotiation
170
5.6.
Negotiation When Disputes Arise under an Existing Agreement
174
5.7.
The Ethics of Negotiation
174
5.7.1.
Ethics Generally
174
5.7.2.
Ethical Constraints on U.S. Lawyer-Negotiators
177
5.7.3.
Statutory Controls on Negotiator Conduct
178
ch. 6
International Electronic Commerce
179
6.1.
Introduction and Some Basic Definitions
179
6.2.
A Brief History of the Internet
183
6.3.
The Size and Scope of International Electronic Commerce
186
6.4.
Contract Formation and Digital Signatures
187
6.4.1.
Contract Formation Generally
188
6.4.2.
The Matter of Digital Signatures
193
6.4.3.
The Requirement of an "Original" Agreement
195
6.5.
Jurisdiction over E-Commerce Transactions
196
6.5.1.
Jurisdiction Generally
196
6.5.2.
Jurisdiction Over Internet Transactions in the United States
198
6.5.3.
Internet Jurisdiction in the EU and Elsewhere
199
6.5.4.
The Prospect of an Internet Jurisdiction Treaty
201
6.6.
Taxation
202
6.6.1.
Internet Taxation in the United States
203
6.6.2.
Internet Taxation in Other Countries
203
6.7.
Intellectual Property
206
6.7.1.
Copyright
206
6.7.2.
Patents
207
6.7.3.
Trademarks and Trade Names
208
6.7.4.
Domain Names and Cybersquatting
209
6.8.
Payment Systems
210
6.8.1.
Payment by Check
210
6.8.2.
Electronic Checks
211
6.8.3.
Credit Cards and Debit Cards
212
6.8.4.
Innovative Electronic Payment Systems
213
6.9.
Privacy
213
6.10.
The Future of International Electronic Commerce
214
ch. 7
International Intellectual Property and Licensing Agreements
217
7.1.
Choosing a Licensing Agreement
217
7.2.
The Forms of Intellectual Property: Patents
219
7.2.1.
Patents in the United States
220
7.2.2.
Patents Under the European Patent Convention
224
7.2.3.
The International Regime for Patent Protection
225
a.
The Paris Convention
225
b.
The Patent Cooperation Treaty
226
c.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
226
7.3.
Copyright
227
7.3.1.
Copyright in the United States
227
7.3.2.
Copyright in International Law and Practice
230
a.
The Berne Convention
230
b.
The TRIPS Agreement
232
7.4.
Trademarks
232
7.4.1.
Trademark in the United States
232
7.4.2.
Trademark in the EU
236
7.4.3.
International Protection for Trademarks
237
7.5.
Trade Secrets
238
7.5.1.
Trade Secrets Generally
239
7.5.2.
International Protection of Trade Secrets
243
7.6.
Components of a Licensing Agreement
244
7.6.1.
An Outline of a Typical Licensing Agreement
245
7.6.2.
An Analysis of Licensing Agreement Clauses
245
a.
The Granting Clause
246
b.
Duties and Representations
247
c.
Fees and Royalty Payments
247
d.
Termination and Non-compete
248
ch. 8
The Less-Drastic Forms of Commercial Dispute Resolution
249
8.1.
Introduction
249
8.2.
Contract Adaptation
250
8.2.1.
Gap Filling Mechanisms in the Underlying Law
253
8.2.2.
Coping with Uncertainty through Express Contractual Provisions-Some Typical Adaptation Clauses
255
8.3.
Renegotiation
257
8.4.
Fact Finding and Early Neutral Evaluation
258
8.5.
Mediation and Conciliation
258
8.5.1.
Mediation and Conciliation Generally
258
8.5.2.
A General Theory of Mediation
259
8.5.3.
Procedures for International Commercial Mediation
262
8.5.4.
Mediation in the Future
264
8.6.
The Minitrial
264
8.6.1.
The Minitrial Generally
264
8.6.2.
Specific Minitrial Rules
265
8.6.3.
Minitrials in the Future
266
ch. 9
International Commercial Arbitration: Commencing Arbitration, the Arbitration Hearing and the Arbitral Award
269
9.1.
Introduction
269
9.2.
A Brief History of Commercial Arbitration
274
9.3.
The Statutory Basis for Arbitration
277
9.3.1.
The Federal Arbitration Act
277
9.3.2.
The English Arbitration Act
278
9.3.3.
The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration
280
9.4.
The Lex Loci Arbitri and "Ad Hoc" versus "Institutional" Arbitration
281
9.5.
A Description of the Major International Arbitral Institutions Including a Brief Summary of Their Rules
283
9.5.1.
The International Chamber of Commerce
284
9.5.2.
American Arbitration Association Procedures
288
9.5.3.
The UNCITRAL Procedures
291
9.5.4.
The WIPO Rules
293
9.6.
Commencing the Arbitration
294
9.6.1.
Determining the Issues to be Arbitrated
296
9.6.2.
Drafting the Request for Arbitration
297
9.6.3.
Selecting the Arbitrator
299
9.7.
Preparing for and Conducting the Hearing
301
9.7.1.
Discovery
301
9.7.2.
The Pre-Hearing Conference
302
9.7.3.
Interim Relief Pending the Hearing
303
9.7.4.
The Hearing
304
a.
Order of Presentation
304
b.
Rules of Evidence
305
9.8.
Drafting the Arbitral Award
307
ch. 10
International Commercial Arbitration: Arbitration in the Courts
313
10.1.
Introduction
313
10.2.
Actions to Compel or Stay Arbitration
317
10.3.
Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
319
10.4.
International Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
324
10.4.1.
The New York Convention
325
10.4.2.
Enforcing Awards not Subject to the New York Convention
329
ch. 11
International Commercial Arbitration: Special Regional Considerations
331
11.1.
Introduction
331
11.2.
The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes
331
11.3.
The EU
335
11.4.
The Iran-United States Claims Tribunal
337
11.5.
Latin America
340
11.6.
The Middle East and Africa
343
11.7.
The Pacific Rim
346
11.8.
China
348
11.9.
The Former Soviet Union
351
ch. 12
Litigation
355
12.1.
Introduction
355
12.2.
Litigation: Generally
356
12.3.
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
357
12.4.
Foreign Sovereign Immunity and the Act of State Doctrine
358
12.4.1.
Sovereign Immunity
358
12.4.2.
The Act of State Doctrine
361
12.5.
Personal Jurisdiction over Private Parties
363
12.6.
Service of Process
367
12.7.
Choice of Forum, Venue and Forum Non Conveniens
369
12.8.
Choice of Law
373
12.9.
Discovery and Gathering Information and Evidence Abroad
375
12.10.
Trial Procedure
379
12.11.
Enforcement of Judgments at Home and Abroad
380
12.12.
Conclusion
385
ch. 13
Online Dispute Resolution
387
13.1.
Introduction
387
13.2.
ODR: Categories and a Suggested Definition
390
13.3.
The Possible Contributions of ODR to Commercial Dispute Resolution
391
13.3.1.
Renegotiation and ODR
392
13.3.2.
Mediation and ODR
393
13.3.3.
Arbitration and ODR
393
13.4.
The Future of ODR
395
ch. 14
Future Trends in International Commercial Agreements and International Commercial Dispute Resolution
397
14.1.
Introduction
397
14.2.
Trends in International Commercial Agreements
397
14.3.
Trends in International Commercial Dispute Resolution
401
14.4.
Conclusion
406
Index
307

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