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The changing role of the European Council in the institutional framework of the European Union : consequences for the European integration process / Frederic Eggermont.
Eggermont, Frederic, 1980-
2012
KJE969 .E33 2012 (Map It)
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Access NoteThe Law Library in Jerome Greene Hall is currently closed for renovation. Please log in to request pickup from the temporary circulation desk in William and June Warren Hall.
Author
Eggermont, Frederic, 1980-
Title
The changing role of the European Council in the institutional framework of the European Union : consequences for the European integration process / Frederic Eggermont.
Published
Cambridge, U.K. ; Portland : Intersentia, [2012]
Copyright
©2012
Call Number
KJE969 .E33 2012
ISBN
9781780680613 (pbk.)
1780680619 (pbk.)
Description
xxvi, 405 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)795703334
Note
Previously issued as author's doctoral dissertation.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 373-391).
Series
Ius commune europaeum ; 102.
Record Appears in
Onsite Print Resources
Shared Records
All Resources
Dedication
v
Acknowledgements
vii
Common abbreviations
xvii
Introduction
xix
pt. A
WHAT IS THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL?
ch. I
History of the European Council
3
A.
Summit meetings
3
1.
Calls for the establishment of a Political Union: 1961 Paris and Bonn Summit meetings
3
2.
Combining supranational and intergovernmental method in the integration process
6
3.
Factors stimulating the establishment of Summit meetings
8
4.
Towards the establishment of the European Council
12
4.1.
The 1969 Hague and 1972 Paris Summit meeting
13
4.2.
1973 Copenhagen Summit meeting
15
B.
Proclamation of the European Council
17
1.
1974 Paris Summit meeting
17
2.
Fouchet reinvented?
21
ch. II
Composition of the European Council
25
A.
Members of the European Council
25
1.
President of the European Council
26
1.1.
Constitutional Treaty
26
1.2.
Treaty of Lisbon
27
1.2.1.
Appointment of the European Council President
28
1.2.2.
Competences of the European Council President
31
2.
Heads of State or Government
34
2.1.
Prime Ministers and Presidents
35
3.
Commission President
40
3.1.
Before the SEA
40
3.1.1.
Before the 1974 Paris communique
40
3.1.2.
1974 Paris communique and the establishment of the European Council
42
3.2.
Since the SEA
43
B.
Non-members of the European Council who attend the meetings
45
1.
Foreign Ministers
45
1.1.
Before the SEA
45
1.2.
Since the SEA
46
1.3.
Constitutional Treaty
47
1.4.
Treaty of Lisbon: presence of a minister only upon invitation
48
2.
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
49
2.1.
Creation of the function by the Treaty of Amsterdam
49
2.2.
Treaty of Lisbon
49
3.
Other actors
52
ch. III
Competences and functioning of the European Council
55
A.
1974 Paris Summit meeting
55
B.
SEA
55
C.
EU Treaty
56
D.
Treaty of Amsterdam
58
1.
Provisions in the Treaty of Amsterdam
58
2.
Trumpf-Piris Report
59
E.
Treaty of Nice
60
F.
Constitutional Treaty
63
G.
Treaty of Lisbon
64
1.
European Council under the current Treaty
64
1.1.
Tasks
64
1.2.
Rules on decision making
67
1.3.
Proposing and appointing the Commission (President)
69
H.
Organisation of the proceedings of the European Council
70
1.
Preparation
70
1.1.
Preparation by the Council
70
1.1.1.
Trumpf-Piris Report
71
1.1.2.
Solana Reports
72
1.1.3.
Joint Presidency-Solana Report
73
1.1.4.
2002 Seville European Council
74
1.1.4.1.
Rules established by the 2002 Seville European Council
74
1.1.4.2.
2002 Seville conclusions enforced by Council Rules of Procedure
75
1.1.5.
Treaty of Lisbon
76
1.2.
Preparation by the European Council President
77
1.3.
Participation in the preparation of the European Council by the Commission and other actors
78
2.
Conduct of the European Council
80
3.
Conclusions of the Presidency/European Council
82
4.
Emergence of informal European Council meetings
87
4.1.
Appearance of informal European Council meetings
87
4.2.
Differences between formal and informal European Council meetings
90
pt. B
THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL AND ITS RELATION WITH OTHER EU INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER ACTORS
ch. I
EU institutions
95
A.
The European Council and the Commission
95
1.
A brief description of the Commission
95
2.
Reaction of the Commission to the first Summit meetings and the establishment of the European Council
96
3.
Role of the European Council in the appointment of the Commission (President)
98
3.1.
EEC Treaty
99
3.2.
EU Treaty
100
3.3.
Treaty of Amsterdam
100
3.4.
Treaty of Nice
101
3.5.
Treaty of Lisbon
102
4.
Involvement of the European Council in the Commission's role in the legislative process
104
4.1.
Decision-making efficiency: the European Council and the Commission's position in the decision making process
105
4.2.
Accountability of the European Council: sharing of responsibility
109
4.3.
Au Conseil europeen, l'initiative politique, a la Commission, l'initiative politique et technique
114
B.
The European Council and the Council
118
1.
A brief description of the Council
118
2.
Differences between the European Council and the Council
120
2.1.
Before the SEA
120
2.2.
Since the SEA
122
3.
Decision making efficiency: the European Council and the Council's role in the decision making process
124
4.
Accountability of the European Council: decline of the Council's role
128
C.
The European Council and the European Parliament
130
1.
A brief description of the European Parliament
130
2.
Reaction of the European Parliament to the creation of the European Council
131
3.
Involvement of the European Council in the European Parliament's role in the decision making process
133
3.1.
The election, the seat and the size of the European Parliament
133
3.2.
Decision making efficiency: the European Council and the European Parliament's position in the decision making process
137
4.
Accountability of the European Council towards the European Parliament
141
4.1.
European Parliament President addresses the European Council
141
4.2.
European Council President presents a report to the European Parliament
142
4.3.
European Council President and accountability
143
D.
The European Council and the Court of Justice of the EU
145
1.
A brief description of the Court of Justice of the EU
145
2.
Judgments relevant for the topic of this research
146
2.1.
Germany v. European Parliament and Council (13 May 1997)
146
2.2.
Roujansky v. Council (14 July 1994)
147
2.3.
Commission v. Council (13 July 2004)
148
2.4.
Commission v. Council (20 May 2008)
150
3.
Interaction between the European Council and the Court of Justice
152
ch. II
Other actors
155
A.
IGC
155
1.
Until the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon
155
2.
Treaty of Lisbon
155
2.1.
Ordinary revision procedure
155
2.2.
Simplified revision procedures
156
3.
The European Council is involved in calling the IGC
157
3.1.
SEA
158
3.2.
EU Treaty
161
3.3.
Treaty of Amsterdam
163
3.4.
Treaty of Nice
165
3.5.
Treaty of Lisbon
167
3.5.1.
Draft Constitutional Treaty
167
3.5.2.
Treaty of Lisbon (Reform Treaty)
169
B.
Governments of the Member States
174
1.
Enlargement
174
1.1.
Treaty provisions before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon
175
1.2.
Treaty provisions since the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon
175
1.3.
The additional requirements added by the European Council
176
1.3.1.
General requirements
176
1.3.1.1.
Democracy
176
1.3.1.2.
Copenhagen criteria
177
1.3.1.3.
Integration capacity
178
1.3.2.
Requirements for specific states
180
1.3.2.1.
Central and Eastern European states
181
1.3.2.2.
Turkey
183
1.3.2.3.
Iceland
186
2.
Seats of the institutions and bodies
186
3.
Denmark in the EU
188
4.
Ireland in the EU
188
pt. C
EUROPEAN COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS IN LAW AND POLICY MAKING IN THE EU
ch. I
European Council as allocator of budget funds
195
A.
The problem of upholding budgetary discipline in the 1980s
196
B.
Introducing the financial perspectives
200
C.
Financial perspectives 1988-1992
201
D.
Financial perspectives 1993-1999
202
E.
Financial perspectives 2000-2006
202
F.
The big enlargement
204
G.
Financial perspectives 2007-2013
205
H.
Remarks and suggestions
209
ch. II
European Council as political initiator
211
A.
Summit meetings as political initiator
213
1.
EMU
213
2.
Environment
215
3.
Regional development
218
B.
European Council as political initiator
219
1.
Economic and monetary affairs
220
2.
Transparency in the decision making process
227
3.
Contribution to the adoption of EU legislation
231
3.1.
Unanimity in the Council
231
3.1.1.
Environment and energy
231
3.1.1.1.
Commission communication on an energy policy for Europe
232
3.1.1.2.
March 2007 Brussels European Council
233
3.1.1.3.
March 2008 Brussels European Council
235
3.1.1.4.
December 2008 Brussels European Council
238
3.1.2.
Savings tax directive
240
3.2.
Qualified majority in the Council
246
3.2.1.
Transport
246
3.2.2.
Subsidiarity and simplification of EU legislation
250
4.
Remarks and suggestions
254
ch. III
European Council as interpreter of the Treaties
255
A.
Interpreting Treaty provisions
255
B.
Almost amending Treaty provisions
258
C.
Amending Treaty provisions
260
D.
Remarks and suggestions
261
ch. IV
European Council as a European (economic) government?
263
A.
European Council as a European government
263
B.
European Council as a European economic government
265
C.
Remarks and suggestions
268
ch. V
European Council and the implementation of decisions
269
A.
Comitology
269
B.
Open method of coordination
271
1.
European Employment Strategy
271
2.
2000 Lisbon European Council
275
C.
Remarks and suggestions
280
ch. VI
European Council establishing bodies
283
A.
Cohesion Fund
283
B.
Fundamental Rights
286
C.
Economic and financial matters
289
D.
CFSP and ESDP bodies
292
E.
Bodies in the area of freedom, security and justice
293
F.
Remarks and suggestions
295
ch. VII
European Council as an appeals council
297
A.
Cases where the European Council has acted as an appeals council
297
B.
Emergency brake (CFSP)
301
1.
Treaty of Amsterdam
301
2.
Treaty of Nice
302
3.
Treaty of Lisbon
302
C.
Area of freedom, security and justice
303
D.
Remarks and suggestions
305
ch. VIII
European Council in the CFSP
307
A.
European Council in the Treaties
307
1.
Before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon
307
2.
Modifications by the Treaty of Lisbon
309
2.1.
General provisions on external action
309
2.2.
CFSP
310
B.
European Council conclusions in CFSP legislation
310
1.
Common strategies, joint actions and common positions
310
1.1.
Common strategies
311
1.2.
Joint actions and common positions
313
2.
Overview of important European Council meetings
314
C.
Remarks and suggestions
317
ch. IX
European Council in the area of freedom, security and justice
319
A.
European Council in the Treaties
320
1.
Before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon
320
2.
Modifications by the Treaty of Lisbon
321
B.
European Council conclusions in legislation in the area of freedom, security and justice
322
1.
Uniform passport
322
2.
1999 Tampere European Council
324
3.
Migration
328
C.
Remarks and suggestions
331
ch. X
European Council involved in individual decisions
333
A.
Lowering dependence on crude oil
333
B.
Free market in the transport sector
333
C.
Small and medium-sized enterprises
334
D.
British beef ban
335
E.
Enterprises employing problem categories
336
F.
Tax obligations
337
ch. XI
European Council involved in relations with Member States and third countries
339
A.
Member States
339
B.
Non-Member States
340
1.
New Zealand
340
2.
Mediterranean countries
341
3.
Central and Eastern European countries
343
Conclusions
347
A.
Results of the research
347
1.
What is the relationship between the European Council and other EU institutions and actors?
347
1.1.
EU institutions
347
1.1.1.
European Commission
347
1.1.2.
Council
351
1.1.3.
European Parliament
353
1.1.4.
Court of Justice of the European Union
354
1.2.
Other actors
356
1.2.1.
IGC
356
1.2.2.
Governments of the Member States
357
2.
What are the European Council's various roles in the EU decision making process?
359
B.
Recommendations for changes
363
1.
Concerning the relationship between the European Council and other EU institutions
363
1.1.
European Commission
363
1.2.
Council
364
1.3.
European Parliament
365
1.4.
Court of Justice of the European Union
365
2.
Concerning the CFSP
366
C.
Concluding remarks
367
Selected Bibliography
373
Annex - Suggested changes to the Treaties
393
Treaty on European Union
395
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
401

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