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Endangered Species Act : law, policy, and perspectives / editors, Donald C. Baur, Wm. Robert Irvin.
Baur, Donald C.; Irvin, William Robert, 1959-; American Bar Association. Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources.
2010
KF325 .A95 06589
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Title
Endangered Species Act : law, policy, and perspectives / editors, Donald C. Baur, Wm. Robert Irvin.
Uniform Title
American Bar Association archive publications.
Published
Chicago, Ill. : American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, [2010]
Copyright
©2010
Call Number
KF325 .A95 06589
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9781604425802 (pbk.)
1604425806 (pbk.)
Description
xxx, 435 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm
Other Standard Identifiers
hein5637917
System Control No.
(OCoLC)746766362
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Reproduction
Microfiche. [Buffalo, NY] : W.S. Hein Co., [1993-]. microfiche : negative ; 11 x 15 cm. American Bar Association archive publications.
Available in Other Form
Print version: Endangered Species Act Chicago, Ill. : American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, [2009], c2010. (DLC) 2009036365
Record Appears in
Shared Records
All Resources
Sub-location
/Cabinet 13-14/
Added Author
Baur, Donald C.
Irvin, William Robert, 1959-
Added Corporate Author
American Bar Association. Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources.
Foreword
xiii
Preface to the First Edition
xv
Acknowledgments
xvii
About the Editors
xix
About the Contributors and Peer Reviewer
xxi
Overview / Wm. Robert Irvin
xxxii
Introduction
1
Responsibility for Implementation
1
The ESA's Goals
2
Listing, Critical Habitat, Recovery Plans
3
The Duty to Consult and Avoid Jeopardy
4
The Take Prohibition and Its Exemptions
5
Conclusion
6
ch. One
Historical Background of the Endangered Species Act / Michael J. Bean
8
ch. Two
Listing Endangered and Threatened Species / J.B. Ruhl
16
Introduction
17
Current State of the Law
18
Key Statutory Definitions and Standards
18
Section 4
Implementing Procedures
19
Section 4 in the Courts
22
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
31
Five-Year Status Reviews
31
Political Interference in Listing Decisions
32
Climate Change
33
Conclusion
35
ch. Three
Critical Habitat / Federico Cheever
40
Introduction
41
Current State of the Law
42
Definition of Critical Habitat
42
Designation of Critical Habitat
48
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
58
The Regulatory Significance of Critical Habitat Adverse Modification on the Ground and in the Water
58
Critical Habitat Designation and the National Environmental policy Act
60
Conclusion
62
ch. Four
Recovery / Dale D. Goble
70
Introduction
71
Current State of the Law
71
The Meaning of Recovery
71
Recovery Planning
79
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
85
Viability Thresholds in Recovery
85
Recovery Plans as "The Best Scientific...Data Available"
87
Conclusion
90
ch. Five
Interagency Consultation Under Section 7 / Erika E. Malmen
104
Introduction
105
Current State of the Law
105
Federal Agency Compliance with Section 7(a)(1) Duty to Conserve
105
Federal Agency Compliance with Section 7(a)(2) Duty to Consult
105
Preparing for the Possibility of Formal Consultation
106
Formal Consultation
111
Incremental Consultation
116
Reinitiation of Consultation
116
Emergency Consultation
117
The God Squad Exemption
117
The Role of Indian Tribes
118
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
118
Discretionary versus Nondiscretionary Agency Action
118
Climate Change
119
Section 7
Consultation Regulations
120
Conclusion
120
ch. Six
Indian Rights and the Endangered Species Act / Mary Gray Holt
126
Introduction
127
Current State of the Law
127
Three Pillars of Indian Law
127
Ambiguity in the Case Law---Did the ESA Abrogate Treaty Rights?
130
Harmonizing the ESA and Tribal Rights: Secretarial Order No. 3206
133
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
136
Conclusion
139
ch. Seven
The Take Prohibition / Patrick Parenteau
146
Introduction
147
Current State of the Law
147
Statutory and Regulatory Framework
147
Constitutional Challenges to the Take Prohibition
148
Jurisdictional Prerequisites to Bringing Suit Under the ESA Citizen Suit Provision
149
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
150
Proving Harm from Habitat Modification
150
Vicarious Liability
152
Injunctive Relief
153
Conclusion
154
ch. Eight
Land Use Activities and the Section 9 Take Prohibition / Thomas R. Lundquist
160
Intrduction
161
Current State of the Law
161
The Basics on Take of Listed Wildlife
161
The Current Law of ESA Section 9 Take Under FWS's Harm Rule
168
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
179
Are Regulators Enjoinable Causes of Take?
179
Is a Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Enjoinable Cause of Take of a Polar Bear?
181
Conclusion
182
ch. Nine
Exceptions to the Take Prohibition / Adam Pan
192
Introduction
193
Current State of the Law
193
Section 10(a)---Enhancement and Incidental Take Permits
193
Section 10(j)---Experimental Populations
196
Other Exceptions to the Take Prohibition
199
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
201
Conclusion
202
ch. Ten
Landowner Incentives and the Endangered Species Act / Michael J. Bean
206
Introduction
207
Current State of the Law
208
Safe Harbor Agreements
208
Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances
211
Conservation Banking
213
Emerging and Future Directions
214
Conclusion
217
ch. Eleven
Habitat conservation Plans and the Endangered Species Act / Ryan M. Rowberry
220
Introduction
221
Purposes and Perceptions of the Early ESA
221
1982 ESA Amendment
222
Babbitt Administrative Reforms
224
Current State of the Law
225
The "No Surprises" Rule and the ITP Permit Revocation Rule
225
Habitat Conservation Plans and Adaptive Management
227
HCPs/ITPs and NEPA
231
Future Directions
234
The Western Riverside Country Multiple-Species HCP (MSHCP)
234
The Role of Mitigation
237
Lessons Learned
238
Conclusion
240
ch. Twelve
Plants / Holly Wheeler
246
Introduction
247
Current State of the Law
248
A Unified Approach to plant and Wildlife Conservation
248
The ESA Diverges: Regulatory Differences Between Plants and Wildlife
249
The Role of CITES in Plant Protection
251
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
252
Conclusion
254
ch. Thirteen
Citizen Suits / Eric R. Glitzenstein
260
Introduction
261
Current State of the Law
261
Standing
261
Other Jurisdictional Issues
264
ESA versus APA Claims Following Bennett v. Spear
265
Standard of Review
270
Venue/Transfer Issues
271
60-Day Notice Requirement
273
Intervention
273
Relief
274
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
275
Conclusion
276
ch. Fourteen
The Endangered Species Act and the Constitutional Takings Issue / Glenn P. Sugameli
292
Introduction
293
Overview of Relevant Takings Principles
293
ESA Provisions Affecting Property Use
295
Overview of the ESA and Constitutional Takings Claims
297
Regulatory Restrictions on Natural Resource Use
298
Ripeness Issues
298
Threshold Property Issue
299
Takings Analysis
301
Restrictions on Defense of Property
306
Official Access for Survey Purposes
307
Restrictions on Commercial Dealings
308
Conclusion
309
ch. Fifteen
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora / Holly Wheeler
316
Introduction
317
Current State of the Law
317
The Structure of CITES
317
The Conservation Standards of CITES
319
The Administrative Procedures of CITES
320
Specialized CITES procedures
323
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
327
Coordination Between CITES and Other Multilateral Environmental Agreements
327
The Effects of Conservation Restrictions on People's Livelihoods
332
Conclusion
335
ch. Sixteen
State Endangered Species Acts / William J. Snape III
344
Introduction
345
Current state of the Law
345
History
346
Listing
347
Critical Habitat
348
Prohibitions
349
Permits
350
Conservation Agreements
350
Penalties and Enforcement
351
Recovery Plans
352
Consultation
352
Plant Protection
353
Funding
353
States Without Acts or Provisions
354
Emerging Issues and Future Directions
355
Conclusion
355
ch. Seventeen
Nanotechnology and the Endangered Species Act / Wm. Robert Irvin
360
Introduction
361
Why Nanotechnology?
361
Overview of the Endangered Species Act
361
Current State of the Law
362
The Endangered Species Act and Nanotechnology
362
Protecting Against Effects of Nanotechnology Using the ESA Section 9 Take Prohibition
364
Protecting Against Effects of Nanotechnology Using Federal Agency Consultation with the Services Under ESA Section 7(a)(2)
365
Emerging and Future Directions
367
Use of the Take Prohibition to Address Nanoscale Materials
367
Use of ESA Section 7(a)(2) to Address Effects of Nanoscale Materials
368
The ESA's Conservation goal and Nanotechnology
369
Conclusion
370
ch. Eighteen
Conserving Endangered Species in an Era of Global Warming: An Environmental Community Perspective / Dan Rohlf
374
Introduction
375
A Record of Success Despite Significant Obstacles
375
Entering an Era of Rapid Climate Change and Ecosystem Disruptions
378
The Need for Climate Change Safeguards
379
Making the ESA More Effective
380
Modest Legislative Updates
381
Using Existing Tools to Enhance the ESA's Effectiveness
382
New Energy and New Initiatives
385
Integrating the ESA into the Larger Climate Change and Conservation Framework
387
Conclusion
389
ch. Nineteen
Refocusing the Endangered Species Act: A Regulated Community Perspective / W. H. "Buzz" Fawcett
394
The Challenge of the Act
395
The Act Is a Reflection of Its Time and Congressional Neglect
395
The Act Is Primarily a Jurisdictional Statute
396
Transparency and the Administration of the Act
398
Critical Habitat: The Agony of Expectations Unfulfilled
399
The Polar Bear Paradox
400
The Pinchot Conundrum
402
Toward a Conservation Economy
404
Table of Cases
411
Index
421

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