Cases and materials on criminal law / by Joshua Dressler, Stephen P. Garvey.
2012
KF9219 .D742 2012 (Map It)
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Author
Title
Cases and materials on criminal law / by Joshua Dressler, Stephen P. Garvey.
Published
St. Paul, MN : West, [2012]
Copyright
©2012
Call Number
KF9219 .D742 2012
Edition
Sixth edition.
Spine Title
Criminal law
ISBN
0314279822
9780314279828
9780314279828
Description
xlvi, 1,009 pages ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)812509542
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface to the Sixth Edition
v
Preface to the First Edition
vii
Copyright Acknowledgements
xiii
Table of Cases
xxxvii
Table of Model Penal Code Sections
xlv
ch. 1
Introduction: Setting the Stage
1
A.
Nature, Sources, and Limits of the Criminal Law
1
The Aims of the Criminal Law / Henry M. Hart, Jr.
1
Notes and Questions
3
B.
Criminal Law in a Procedural Context: Pre-Trial
6
C.
Criminal Law in a Procedural Context: Trial by Jury
7
D.
Proof of Guilt at Trial
9
1.
"Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt"
9
Notes and Questions
10
2.
Enforcing the Presumption of Innocence
13
Owens v. State
13
Notes and Questions
16
E.
Jury Nullification
18
State v. Ragland
19
Notes and Questions
22
ch. 2
Principles of Punishment
29
A.
Theories of Punishment
30
1.
In General
30
Punishment / Kent Greenawalt
30
Notes and Questions
31
2.
Utilitarian Justifications
32
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation / Jeremy Bentham
32
Notes and Questions
34
Punishment / Kent Greenawalt
34
Notes and Questions
36
3.
Retributive Justifications
39
The Moral Worth of Retribution / Michael S. Moore
39
Notes and Questions
40
The Philosophy of Law / Immanuel Kant
40
Notes and Questions
41
A History of the Criminal Law of England / James Fitzjames Stephen
41
Notes and Questions
42
Persons and Punishment / Herbert Morris
43
Notes and Questions
44
Forgiveness and Mercy / Jean Hampton
46
Notes and Questions
47
B.
The Penal Theories in Action
49
1.
Who Should Be Punished?
49
The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens
49
Notes and Questions
50
2.
How Much (and What) Punishment Should Be Imposed?
51
People v. Superior Court (Du)
51
People v. Du
54
Notes and Questions
56
United States v. Gementera
61
Notes and Questions
68
C.
Proportionality of Punishment
69
1.
General Principles
69
The Philosophy of Law / Immanuel Kant
69
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation / Jeremy Bentham
70
Notes and Questions
71
2.
Constitutional Principles
71
Coker v. Georgia
72
Notes and Questions
77
Ewing v. California
81
Notes and Questions
90
ch. 3
Modern Role of Criminal Statutes
92
A.
Principle of Legality
92
1.
The Requirement of Previously Defined Conduct
92
Commonwealth v. Mochan
92
Notes and Questions
95
Keeler v. Superior Court
95
Notes and Questions
103
2.
The Values of Statutory Clarity
105
In re Banks
105
Notes and Questions
109
City of Chicago v. Morales
113
Notes and Questions
119
B.
Statutory Interpretation
119
Muscarello v. United States
119
Notes and Questions
125
ch. 4
Actus Reus
127
A.
Voluntary Act
128
Martin v. State
128
Notes and Questions
128
State v. Utter
130
Notes and Questions
133
B.
Omissions ("Negative Acts")
136
1.
General Principles
136
People v. Beardsley
136
Notes and Questions
139
2.
Distinguishing Acts From Omissions
142
Barber v. Superior Court
142
Notes and Questions
146
C.
Social Harm
147
Notes and Questions
148
ch. 5
Mens Rea
149
A.
Nature of "Mens Rea"
149
United States v. Cordoba-Hincapie
149
Notes and Questions
150
Regina v. Cunningham
151
Notes and Questions
153
B.
General Issues in Proving Culpability
153
1.
"Intent"
153
People v. Conley
153
Notes and Questions
155
2.
The Model Penal Code Approach
159
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 2.02
160
Notes and Questions
163
3.
"Knowledge" of Attendant Circumstances (The "Wilful Blindness" Problem)
164
State v. Nations
164
Notes and Questions
166
4.
Problems in Statutory Interpretation
169
Flores-Figueroa v. United States
169
Notes and Questions
174
C.
Strict Liability Offenses
174
United States v. Cordoba-Hincapie
174
Notes and Questions
175
Staples v. United States
176
Notes and Questions
182
Garnett v. State
185
Notes and Questions
192
D.
Mistake and Mens Rea
193
1.
Mistake of Fact
193
People v. Navarro
193
Notes and Questions
195
2.
Mistake (or Ignorance) of Law
197
People v. Marrero
197
Notes and Questions
204
Cheek v. United States
207
Notes and Questions
211
ch. 6
Causation
213
A.
Actual Cause (Cause-in-Fact)
213
Velazquez v. State
213
Oxendine v. State
214
Notes and Questions
218
B.
Proximate Cause ("Legal" Cause)
218
People v. Rideout
220
Notes and Questions
224
Velazquez v. State
229
Notes and Questions
231
C.
Concurrence of the Elements
232
State v. Rose
232
Notes and Questions
234
ch. 7
Criminal Homicide
235
A.
Overview
235
1.
Homicide Statistics
235
2.
Common Law Origins and Statutory Reform
236
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 210.2
236
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 210.3
237
3.
Variations on the Theme: Some Homicide Statutes
238
Notes and Questions
247
4.
The Protected Interest: "Human Being"
247
People v. Eulo
247
Notes and Questions
253
B.
Intentional Killings
254
1.
Degrees of Murder: The Deliberation-Premeditation Formula
254
State v. Guthrie
254
Notes and Questions
257
Midgett v. State
258
Notes and Questions
261
State v. Forrest
261
Notes and Questions
263
2.
Manslaughter: "Heat of Passion" Killings
265
a.
Common Law Principles
265
Girouard v. State
265
Notes and Comments
269
Rethinking Heat of Passion: A Defense in Search of a Rationale / Joshua Dressler
272
Why Keep the Provocation Defense?: Some Reflections on a Difficult Subject / Joshua Dressler
274
Notes and Questions
275
b.
The Objective Standard: Who Is the "Reasonable Man"?
276
Director of Public Prosecutions v. Camplin
278
Notes and Questions
281
c.
Model Penal Code and Beyond
284
People v. Casassa
284
Notes and Questions
288
3.
Murder Versus Manslaughter: A Literary Problem
291
O Pioneers / Willa Cather
291
Notes and Questions
294
C.
Unintentional Killings: Unjustified Risk-Taking
294
People v. Moore
295
People v. Knoller
296
Notes and Questions
297
State v. Williams
300
Notes and Questions
303
D.
Unintentional Killings: Unlawful Conduct
308
1.
The Felony-Murder Rule
308
a.
The Doctrine: In General
308
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 210.2
308
People v. Fuller
309
Notes and Questions
310
b.
The Policy Debate
310
The Felony-Murder Rule: A Doctrine at Constitutional Crossroads / Scott E. Sundby
310
In Defense of the Felony Murder Doctrine / Susan Waite Crump
314
Notes and Questions
318
c.
Limitations on the Rule
318
i.
Overview
318
The Endurance of the Felony-Murder Rule: A Study of the Forces That Shape Our Criminal Law / James J. Tomkovicz
318
ii.
The "Inherently Dangerous Felony" Limitation
319
People v. Howard
319
Notes and Questions
324
iii.
The "Independent Felony" (or Merger) Limitation
326
People v. Smith
326
Notes and Questions
329
iv.
Killings "in the Perpetration" or "in Furtherance" of a Felony
331
State v. Sophophone
331
Notes and Questions
334
2.
Unlawful-Act Manslaughter (The "Misdemeanor Manslaughter" Rule)
336
3.
A Brain Teaser to End All Brain Teasers
337
Notes and Questions
338
E.
Capital Murder
338
1.
The Constitutional and Policy Debate
338
Gregg v. Georgia
339
Notes and Questions
346
2.
The Quest for Reliable Procedures
355
a.
The Lingering Question of Racial Discrimination
355
McCleskey v. Kemp
355
Notes and Questions
361
b.
Victim Impact Evidence
362
Payne v. Tennessee
362
Notes and Questions
369
3.
Substantive Limitations on the Death Penalty
371
Tison v. Arizona
371
Notes and Questions
377
ch. 8
Rape
379
A.
Overview
379
1.
Rape (Sexual Assault) Statistics
379
U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics---Sex Offenses and Offenders
379
Notes and Questions
381
2.
Social Context
382
Rape / Susan Estrich
382
Notes and Questions
383
Where We Have Been, and Where We Might Be Going: Some Cautionary Reflections on Rape Law Reform / Joshua Dressler
385
Notes and Questions
387
3.
Variations on the Theme: Some Sexual Offense Statutes
389
B.
Forcible Rape
397
1.
In General
397
State v. Alston
397
Notes and Questions
401
Rusk v. State
404
State v. Rusk
409
Notes and Questions
410
2.
"No" (or the Absence of "Yes") as "Force"?
415
Rape / Susan Estrich
416
The Incident / Susan Ager
417
Notes and Questions
418
Commonwealth v. Berkowitz
419
Notes and Questions
427
State of New Jersey in the Interest of M.T.S.
429
Notes and Questions
436
3.
Mens Rea
440
Commonwealth v. Sherry
440
Notes and Questions
442
C.
Rape by Fraud or Non-Physical Threats
446
Boro v. Superior Court
446
Notes and Questions
449
D.
Rape Shield Laws
452
State v. Herndon
452
People v. Wilhelm
453
Notes and Questions
456
E.
Statutory Rape
457
Garnett v. State
457
Notes and Questions
457
ch. 9
General Defenses to Crimes
461
A.
Categories of Defenses
461
Criminal Law Defenses: A Systematic Analysis / Paul H. Robinson
461
Justifications and Excuses: A Brief Review of the Concepts and the Literature / Joshua Dressler
464
Notes and Questions
467
B.
Burden of Proof
467
Patterson v. New York
467
Notes and Questions
476
C.
Principles of Justification
478
1.
Structure and Underlying Theories of Justification Defenses
478
Criminal Law Defenses / Paul H. Robinson
478
Understanding Criminal Law / Joshua Dressler
479
2.
Self-Defense
481
a.
General Principles
481
United States v. Peterson
481
Notes and Questions
486
b.
"Reasonable Belief" Requirement
491
i.
In General
491
People v. Goetz
492
Notes and Questions
497
ii.
The "Reasonable Person": Objective, Subjective, or a Mixed Standard?
506
State v. Wanrow
506
Notes and Questions
509
iii.
Battered Women, Battered Woman Syndrome and Beyond
512
State v. Norman
513
State v. Norman
518
Notes and Questions
521
The "New Syndrome Excuse Syndrome" / Stephen J. Morse
528
Notes and Questions
529
3.
Defense of Others
530
People v. Kurr
530
Notes and Questions
533
4.
Defense of Habitation/Property and Law Enforcement Defenses
534
State v. Boyett
534
Notes and Questions
539
5.
Necessity ("Choice of Evils")
541
a.
General Principles
541
Nelson v. State
541
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 3.02
544
Notes and Questions
546
b.
Civil Disobedience
548
United States v. Schoon
548
Notes and Questions
552
c.
Defense to Murder?
553
The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens
553
Notes and Questions
557
D.
Principles of Excuse
560
1.
Why Do We Excuse Wrongdoers?
560
Excusing Crime / Sanford H. Kadish
560
Understanding Criminal Law / Joshua Dressler
562
Notes and Questions
564
2.
Duress
564
a.
General Principles
564
United States v. Contento-Pachon
564
Notes and Questions
567
b.
Necessity Versus Duress
572
People v. Unger
572
Notes and Questions
576
c.
Defense to Murder?
578
People v. Anderson
578
Notes and Questions
584
3.
Intoxication
584
United States v. Veach
584
Notes and Questions
586
4.
Insanity
592
a.
Some Preliminaries
592
i.
Competency to Stand Trial
592
ii.
Pre-Trial Assertion of the Insanity Plea
593
iii.
Burden of Proof at Trial
594
iv.
Post-Trial Disposition of Insanity Acquittees
595
v.
Sexual Predator Laws: A New Strategy for Civil Commitment
596
b.
Why Do We Excuse the Insane?: Some Initial Thoughts
597
United States v. Freeman
597
Notes and Questions
597
c.
Struggling for a Definition: The Tests of Insanity
599
State v. Johnson
599
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries Comment to [§] 4.01
603
Notes and Questions
604
d.
M'Naghten and the Model Penal Code in Greater Detail
612
i.
Knowing/Appreciating the "Wrongfulness" of One's Actions
612
State v. Wilson
612
Notes and Questions
619
ii.
Convincing the Jury: The Role of Experts
622
Perez v. Cain
622
Notes and Questions
628
e.
Should the Defense Be Abolished?
630
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries Comment to [§] 4.01
630
Notes and Questions
631
f.
One Final Problem
633
The Tell---Tale Heart / Edgar Allan Poe
633
Notes and Questions
637
5.
Diminished Capacity
637
Undiminished Confusion in Diminished Capacity / Stephen J. Morse
637
Notes and Questions
638
Clark v. Arizona
642
Notes and Questions
651
6.
Infancy
652
In re Devon T.
652
Notes and Questions
658
E.
New Defenses?
659
1.
Euthanasia
659
Latimer v. The Queen
661
Notes and Questions
665
Physician Assisted Suicide: The Problems Presented by the Compelling, Heartwrenching Case / Yale Kamisar
672
Notes and Questions
677
2.
Addiction/Alcoholism Constitutional Defense
677
Robinson v. California
677
Notes and Questions
682
Powell v. Texas
682
Notes and Questions
692
3.
"Severe Environmental Deprivation" Defense
695
"Rotten Social Background": Should the Criminal Law Recognize a Defense of Severe Environmental Deprivation? / Richard Delgado
696
Notes and Questions
697
4.
Cultural Defense
698
State v. Kargar
698
Notes and Questions
702
The Cultural Defense in the Criminal Law
702
Notes and Questions
706
ch. 10
Inchoate Offenses
708
A.
Overview
708
American Law Institute---Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to Article 5
708
Notes and Questions
709
B.
Attempt
711
1.
General Principles
711
Double Inchoate Crimes / Ira P. Robbins
711
Notes and Questions
711
Criminal Attempts and the Role of Resulting Harm Under the Code, and in the Common Law / Andrew Ashworth
712
Notes and Questions
715
2.
Grading Criminal Attempts
716
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 5.05
716
Notes and Questions
716
3.
Mens Rea
717
People v. Gentry
717
Notes and Questions
719
Bruce v. State
721
Notes and Questions
722
4.
Actus Reus
724
a.
General Principles
724
United States v. Mandujano
724
Notes and Questions
726
Notes and Questions
728
b.
Distinguishing Preparation From Perpetration: The Tests at Work
729
Commonwealth v. Peaslee
729
Notes and Questions
730
People v. Rizzo
732
Notes and Questions
733
People v. Miller
734
Notes and Questions
735
State v. Reeves
737
Notes and Questions
742
5.
Special Defenses
745
a.
Impossibility
745
People v. Thousand
745
Notes and Questions
752
b.
Abandonment
759
Commonwealth v. McCloskey
759
Notes and Questions
762
6.
Assault
763
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 211.1
763
Notes and Questions
764
7.
Punishing Pre-Attempt Conduct
765
United States v. Alkhabaz
766
Notes and Questions
770
C.
Solicitation
772
State v. Mann
772
Notes and Questions
772
State v. Cotton
773
Notes and Questions
775
D.
Conspiracy
777
1.
General Principles
777
People v. Carter
777
Notes and Questions
777
Pinkerton v. United States
780
Notes and Questions
782
2.
Men Rea
785
People v. Swain
785
Notes and Questions
788
People v. Lauria
789
Notes and Questions
793
3.
Actus Reus
796
Conspiracy to Defraud the United States / Abraham S. Goldstein
796
Notes and Questions
797
Commonwealth v. Azim
797
Notes and Questions
798
Commonwealth v. Cook
799
Notes and Questions
803
4.
Conspiracy: Bilateral or Unilateral?
804
People v. Foster
804
Notes and Questions
807
5.
Scope of an Agreement: Party and Object Dimensions
809
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries, Comment to [§] 5.03
809
Kilgore v. State
810
Notes and Questions
813
Braverman v. United States
815
Notes and Questions
817
6.
Defenses
818
Iannelli v. United States
818
Notes and Questions
822
Gebardi v. United States
823
Notes and Questions
824
People v. Sconce
825
Notes and Questions
827
ch. 11
Liability for the Conduct of Another
828
A.
Accomplice Liability
828
1.
General Principles
828
a.
Common Law Terminology and Its Significance
828
State v. Ward
828
Notes and Questions
829
b.
Theoretical Foundation: Derivative Liability
830
2.
"Elements" of Accomplice Liability: In General
831
State v. Hoselton
831
Notes and Questions
833
3.
Mens Rea
835
a.
Intent: "Purpose" or "Knowledge"?
835
People v. Lauria
835
Notes and Questions
835
b.
When Is "Intent" Not Required?
838
i.
Offenses Not Requiring Intent
838
Riley v. State
838
Notes and Questions
842
ii.
Natural-and-Probable-Consequences Doctrine
844
State v. Linscott
844
Notes and Questions
846
iii.
Attendant Circumstances
847
4.
Actus Reus
848
State v. V.T.
849
Notes and Questions
850
Wilcox v. Jeffery
851
Notes and Questions
853
State v. Helmenstein
853
Notes and Questions
855
People v. Genoa
857
Notes and Questions
858
5.
Distinguishing Direct From Accomplice Liability
859
Bailey v. Commonwealth
859
Notes and Questions
862
6.
Relationship of the Liability of the Accomplice to the Principal
864
a.
If the Principal Is Acquitted
864
United States v. Lopez
864
Notes and Questions
865
b.
If the Principal Is Convicted
866
People v. McCoy
866
Notes and Questions
868
7.
Limits to Accomplice Liability
869
In re Meagan R.
869
Notes and Questions
870
State v. Formella
870
B.
Conspiracy Liability
873
Pinkerton v. United States
873
Notes and Questions
873
C.
Vicarious Liability
874
Commonwealth v. Koczwara
874
Notes and Questions
879
D.
Corporate Liability
879
State v. Christy Pontiac-GMC, Inc.
879
Corporate Ethos: A Standard for Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability / Pamela H. Bucy
883
Notes and Questions
885
"No Soul To Damn: No Body to Kick": An Unscandalized Inquiry Into the Problem of Corporate Punishment / John C. Coffee, Jr.
886
Notes and Questions
890
ch. 12
Theft
893
A.
Larceny
894
1.
Actus Reus
894
a.
"Trespassory Taking (Caption) and Carrying Away (Asportation) * * *"
894
Lee v. State
894
Rex v. Chisser
895
Notes and Questions
895
United States v. Mafnas
896
Notes and Questions
897
Topolewski v. State
899
Rex v. Pear
903
Notes and Questions
904
Brooks v. State
904
Notes and Questions
906
b.
"* * * of the Personal Property of Another * * *"
906
Lund v. Commonwealth
906
Notes and Questions
909
2.
Mens Rea: "* * * With the Intent to Steal the Property"
910
People v. Brown
910
Notes and Questions
911
People v. Davis
914
Notes and Questions
918
B.
Embezzlement
918
Rex v. Bazeley
918
Notes and Questions
922
C.
False Pretenses
922
People v. Ingram
922
Notes and Questions
923
People v. Whight
924
Notes and Questions
927
D.
Federal Mail, Wire, and Computer Fraud
927
United States v. Czubinski
927
Notes and Questions
934
Appendix. American Law Institute Model Penal Code
937
Index
1005