European private international law / Geert van Calster, Professor Ordinarius and Head of the Department of International and European Law, KU Leuven, Barrister, Member of the Belgian Bar.
2016
KJE982 .C35 2016 (Map It)
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Author
Title
European private international law / Geert van Calster, Professor Ordinarius and Head of the Department of International and European Law, KU Leuven, Barrister, Member of the Belgian Bar.
Published
Oxford, UK ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2016.
Call Number
KJE982 .C35 2016
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9781849466721 (pbk. ; alk. paper)
1849466726 (pbk. ; alk. paper)
9781849466721 (ebk.)
1849466726 (pbk. ; alk. paper)
9781849466721 (ebk.)
Description
lv, 520 pages ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)933596276
Summary
Usable both as a student textbook and as a general introduction for legal professionals, European Private International Law is designed to reflect the reality of legal practice throughout the EU. This second edition provides a thorough, up-to-date overview of core European private international law, in particular the Brussels I, Rome I and Rome II Regulations (jurisdiction, applicable law for contracts and tort), while additional chapters deal with private international law and insolvency, freedom of establishment, corporate social responsibility and finally a review of two Regulations in the family law arena: Brussels II bis (matrimonial matters and parental responsibility) and the EU Succession Regulation.-- Provided by Publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Available in Other Form
Online version: Calster, Geert van. European private international law. Second edition. Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2016 9781509905973 (DLC) 2016000197
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Preface to the First Edition, 2012
v
Preface to the Second Edition, 2016
vii
Table of Cases
xvii
Table of Legislation
xxxv
Table of Conventions, Treaties
liii
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
Concept, Nature and Development of Private International Law
1
1.2.
Sources of Private International Law
2
1.3.
Three Processes of Private International Law, and Standard 'Connecting Factors'
3
1.3.1.
Procedural Issues
3
1.3.2.
Application of the Law
4
1.3.2.1.
Characterisation (French: Qualification) of the Legal Question
5
1.3.2.2.
Connecting Factor
5
1.3.2.3.
Lex Causae
5
1.4.
Characterisation, Renvoi and the 'Incidental' Issue or Vorfrage
5
1.5.
Forum Shopping and Forum non Conveniens
8
1.6.
Impact of European Law on the Private International Law of the Member States
12
1.6.1.
Legal Basis
12
1.6.2.
Development of European Private International Law Policy
15
2.
Core of European Private International Law: Jurisdiction
21
2.1.
Summary
21
2.1.1.
Brussels I Recast Regulation
21
2.1.2.
Scope of Application: Subject-Matter
23
2.1.3.
Scope of Application-Ratione Personae
24
2.1.4.
Jurisdictional Rules of the Regulation
25
2.2.
Detailed Review of the Regulation
26
2.2.1.
Trust is Good, Control is Better
26
2.2.2.
Scope of Application: Subject-Matter
27
2.2.2.1.
Existence of an International Element
27
2.2.2.2.
Civil and Commercial Matters
30
2.2.2.3.
Case 29/76 Eurocontrol
32
2.2.2.4.
Case 814/79 Ruffer
33
2.2.2.5.
Case C-271/00 Gemeente Steenbergen
33
2.2.2.6.
Case C-292/05 Lechouritou
35
2.2.2.7.
C-645/11 Sapir
36
2.2.2.8.
Case C-302/13 fly LAL
36
2.2.2.9.
Joined Cases C-226/13, C-245/13, C-247/13 and C-578/13 Fahnenbrock ('Direct and Immediate Effect')
37
2.2.2.10.
Exclusions, Among which Exclusion of Insolvency and Arbitration
40
2.2.3.
Scope of Application-Ratione Personae
60
2.2.3.1.
Domicile
60
2.2.4.
International Impact of the Regulation
64
2.2.5.
Jurisdictional Rules of the Regulation: A Matrix
71
2.2.6.
Exclusive Jurisdiction, Regardless of Domicile: Article 24
72
2.2.6.1.
Rights in Rem and Tenancies of Immovable Property
73
2.2.6.2.
Specifically with Respect to the Extension to Tenancies
76
2.2.6.3.
Short-Term Holiday Lets
77
2.2.6.4.
Contractual Action in Combination with Actio in Rem
78
2.2.6.5.
Incorporation of Companies and Certain Other Aspects of Company Law
78
2.2.6.6.
Validity of Entries into Public Registers
82
2.2.6.7.
Proceedings Concerned with the Registration or Validity of Patents, Trade Marks, Designs or other Similar Rights Required to be Deposited or Registered
82
2.2.6.8.
Proceedings Concerned with the Enforcement of Judgments
85
2.2.6.9.
Reflexive Application of the Exclusive Jurisdictional Rules?
87
2.2.7.
Jurisdiction by Appearance/Prorogation: Article 26
87
2.2.8.
Insurance, Consumer and Employment Contracts: Articles 10-23
89
2.2.8.1.
Protected Categories-Generally
89
2.2.8.2.
Consumer Contracts
90
2.2.8.3.
Contracts for Individual Employment
107
2.2.8.4.
Insurance Contracts
112
2.2.9.
Agreements on Jurisdiction ('Choice of Forum' or 'Prorogation of Jurisdiction'): Article 25
113
2.2.9.1.
Overall Intention of Choice of Court Agreements Under the Brussels Regime
114
2.2.9.2.
Choice of Court in Favour of a Court Outside the EU: A Reflexive Effect for Article 25?
115
2.2.9.3.
Conditions with Respect to the Expression of Consent
119
2.2.9.4.
Law Applicable to the Formation of Consent
123
2.2.9.5.
Sinking the Torpedo: Lis Alibi Pendens for Choice of Court
129
2.2.9.6.
EU's Accession to the Hague Convention and the Consequential Priority of the Latter
129
2.2.9.7.
Binding Force of the Choice of Court Agreement on Third Parties
131
2.2.10.
General Jurisdiction: Defendants Domiciled in a Member State Where a Court is Seized: Article 4
135
2.2.11.
'Special' Jurisdiction: Defendants Domiciled in Another Member State: Articles 7-9
135
2.2.11.1.
Article 7(1): Actions Relating to a Contract-Forum Contractus
136
2.2.11.2.
Special Jurisdictional Rule for Tort: Article 7(2)-Forum Delicti Commissi
144
2.2.12.
Multipartite Litigation and Consolidated Claims: Articles 8 (and 9)
164
2.2.12.1.
Multiple Defendants: Article 8(1)
165
2.2.12.2.
Warranties, Guarantees and Any Other Third Party Proceedings: Article 8(2)
170
2.2.12.3.
Counterclaims: Article 8(3)
171
2.2.12.4.
Matters Relating to Rights in Rem in Immovable Property: Article 8(4)
171
2.2.13.
'Residual' Jurisdiction: Defendants not Domiciled in any Member State: Article 6
171
2.2.14.
Loss of Jurisdiction: Lis Alibi Pendens; and Related Actions: Articles 29-34
172
2.2.14.1.
Lis Alibi Pendens
174
2.2.14.2.
Identity of Parties
176
2.2.14.3.
Identity of Object or 'Subject-Matter'
177
2.2.14.4.
Identity of Cause of Action
177
2.2.14.5.
Lis Alibi Pendens and the Forum Non Conveniens Doctrine
177
2.2.14.6.
Related Actions
182
2.2.15.
Applications for Provisional or Protective Measures: Article 35
185
2.2.16.
Recognition and Enforcement
188
2.2.16.1.
Recognition
190
2.2.16.2.
Enforcement
200
3.
Core of European Private International Law: Applicable Law-Contracts
202
3.1.
Summary
202
3.1.1.
Principles
203
3.1.2.
Scope of Application
203
3.1.3.
Basic Principle: Freedom of Choice
203
3.1.4.
Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice
204
3.2.
Detailed Review of the Regulation
204
3.2.1.
Scope of Application
204
3.2.1.1.
'Contractual Obligations'
206
3.2.2.
Exclusions
207
3.2.3.
Universal Application
211
3.2.4.
Freedom of Choice
211
3.2.5.
Protected Categories
214
3.2.6.
Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice
217
3.2.6.1.
Characterisation of the Contract
219
3.2.6.2.
Habitual Residence
219
3.2.6.3.
Characteristic Performance Test
221
3.2.6.4.
Manifestly Closer Connection
221
3.2.6.5.
Ultimate Option: Closest Connection
221
3.2.7.
Formal Validity, Consent and Capacity
221
3.2.7.1.
Incapacity
223
3.2.7.2.
Formal Validity
224
3.2.8.
Mandatory Law, and Public Order
224
3.2.8.1.
Purely Domestic Contracts: Article 3(3)
225
3.2.8.2.
Mandatory EU Law: Article 3(4)
225
3.2.8.3.
'Overriding' Mandatory Law: Article 9
228
3.2.8.4.
Public Policy: Article 21
235
3.2.9.
Relationship with Other Conventions
235
4.
Core of European Private International Law: Applicable Law-Tort
237
4.1.
Introduction
237
4.2.
General Principles
239
4.3.
Scope of Application
240
4.3.1.
'Situations Involving a Conflict of Laws'
240
4.3.2.
Only Courts and Tribunals? Application to Arbitration Tribunals
241
4.3.3.
'Non-Contractual Obligations'
244
4.3.4.
Excluded Matters
245
4.3.4.1.
Non-Contractual Obligations Arising out of Family or Similar Relationships
246
4.3.4.2.
Non-Contractual Obligations Arising out of Matrimonial Property Regimes, Property Regimes of Relationships Deemed by the Law Applicable to such Relationships to have Comparable Effects to Marriage, and Wills and Succession
247
4.3.4.3.
Non-Contractual Obligations Arising Under Bills of Exchange, Cheques and Promissory Notes and Other Negotiable Instruments to the Extent that the Obligations Under such Other Negotiable Instruments Arise out of their Negotiable Character
247
4.3.4.4.
lex Societatis Exception
247
4.3.4.5.
Violations of Privacy and Rights Relating to Personality, Including Defamation
248
4.3.4.6.
Other Exclusions
251
4.3.5.
Civil and Commercial Matters
251
4.4.
Applicable Law-General Rule: Lex Loci Damni
251
4.5.
One General Exception to the General Rule and One Escape Clause
253
4.5.1.
General Exception: Parties Habitually Resident in the Same Country
253
4.5.2.
Escape Clause: Case Manifestly More Closely Connected with Other Country
255
4.6.
Specific Choice of Law Rules for Specific Torts-No Specific Rules for 'Protected Categories'
256
4.6.1.
Product Liability
257
4.6.2.
Unfair Competition and Acts Restricting Free Competition
261
4.6.3.
Environmental Damage
263
4.6.4.
Damage Caused by Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights
265
4.6.5.
Damage Caused by Industrial Action
266
4.7.
Freedom to Choose Applicable Law
268
4.8.
Scope of the Law Applicable
269
4.9.
Contract-Related Tort Claims
272
4.10.
'Overriding' Mandatory Law and Public Order
272
5.
Insolvency Regulation
274
5.1.
Overall Nature of and Core Approaches to Insolvency and Private International Law
274
5.2.
Genesis of the Insolvency Regulation
275
5.3.
General Context of the 2015 Amendments
277
5.4.
Scope of Application, Dovetailing with the Brussels I Recast and Overall Aim
281
5.4.1.
So-called 'Bankruptcy' Exception Under the Jurisdiction Regulation
281
5.4.2.
Definition of Insolvency Proceedings
285
5.4.3.
Four Cumulative Conditions
288
5.4.3.1.
Collective Proceedings
289
5.4.3.2.
Based on the Debtor's Insolvency
289
5.4.3.3.
Which Entail the Partial or Total Divestment of a Debtor
289
5.4.3.4.
Which Entail the Appointment of a 'Liquidator, Now Called an 'Insolvency Practitioner
289
5.4.4.
Opening by a 'Court' or Judicial Authority?
290
5.4.5.
Relation with the Judgments Regulation (Brussels I Recast): Dovetail or Not?
291
5.4.6.
Core Aim of the Regulation
293
5.5.
International Impact of the Regulation
295
5.6.
Jurisdictional Model: Universal Jurisdiction Based on COMI, Alongside Limited Territorial Procedures
296
5.6.1.
Main Insolvency Proceeding: Centre of Main Interest (COMI)
297
5.6.1.1.
'COMI' as (Un)Defined by the Regulation
297
5.6.1.2.
European and National Case-Law on COMI
298
5.6.1.3.
Universality of the Proceedings Opened in the COMI Member State
310
5.6.1.4.
When is an Insolvency Procedure 'Opened' within the Meaning of the Regulation?
311
5.6.2.
Secondary and Territorial Insolvency Proceedings
312
5.6.2.1.
Territorial Insolvency Proceedings
313
5.6.2.2.
Secondary Insolvency Proceedings
314
5.7.
Applicable Law
315
5.7.1.
Exceptions
316
5.8.
Recognition and Enforcement of Insolvency Proceedings
321
5.8.1.
Judgments Concerning the Opening of Insolvency Proceedings
322
5.8.2.
Other Judgments in the Course of Insolvency Proceedings
323
5.8.3.
Defences Against Recognition and Enforcement
323
5.9.
Powers of the Liquidator/Insolvency Practitioner
324
6.
European Succession Regulation
325
6.1.
Introduction
325
6.2.
Regulation Broadly Introduced
327
6.2.1.
Notion of 'Courts' and the Position of the Office of Notary
327
6.2.2.
Scope of Application
328
6.2.2.1.
Ratione Materiae
328
6.2.2.2.
Ratione Loci
329
6.2.2.3.
Ratione Tempore
329
6.2.3.
Harmonisation of the Rules on Jurisdiction and Applicable Law
330
6.2.3.1.
Complete Harmonisation-No Residual Private International Law Concerning Succession Law?
330
6.2.3.2.
Jurisdiction
330
6.2.3.3.
Applicable Law
333
6.2.3.4.
Concept of 'Habitual Residence'
336
6.2.4.
European Certificate of Succession
338
6.2.5.
Dispositions of Property upon Death
339
6.2.6.
Administrator of the Estate
339
6.2.7.
Bottlenecks/Obstacles/Problems
339
7.
Free Movement of Establishment, Lex Societatis and Private International Law
342
7.1.
Daily Mail
346
7.2.
Centros
347
7.3.
Uberseering
349
7.4.
Inspire Art
350
7.5.
Cartesio-and its Mirror Image: Vale
351
7.6.
Grid Indus
354
8.
Private International Law, Corporate Social Responsibility and Extraterritoriality
357
8.1.
Role of Private International Law in Operationalising Corporate Social Responsibility
357
8.2.
United States: Litigation Based on the Alien Tort Statute
359
8.2.1.
Discovery of ATS by the CSR Community
359
8.2.2.
Corporate Liability Under ATS and the Setback Under Kiobel
360
8.2.3.
'Touch and Concern' Test of the US Supreme Court in Kiobel
361
8.2.4.
Post-Kiobel Case-Law
363
8.2.5.
Summary on the US
366
8.3.
European Union
366
8.3.1.
Jurisdiction
367
8.3.1.1.
General Jurisdictional Rule: Article 4 of the Brussels I Recast Regulation
367
8.3.1.2.
Special Jurisdictional Rule: Article 7(5) Brussels I Recast Regulation-Operations Arising out of a Branch
368
8.3.1.3.
Special Jurisdictional Rule: Article 7(2) Brussels I Recast-Tort
368
8.3.1.4.
Special Jurisdictional Rule: Article 7(4) Jurisdiction Regulation
369
8.3.1.5.
Review of the Jurisdiction Regulation- The 'International Dimension' of the Regulation
369
8.3.2.
Applicable Law
369
8.4.
Piercing of the Corporate Veil and Compliance Strategies
371
8.4.1.
Inspiration from Competition Law?
371
8.4.2.
Outside of Competition Law
372
8.5.
Conclusion
374
Annexes
375
Regulation 1215/2012, the Brussels I Recast Regulation
377
Rome I
409
Rome II
420
Regulation 2015/848, the Insolvency Recast Regulation
430
Regulation 650/2012, the Succession Regulation
484
Index
513