American constitutionalism : structures of government / Howard Gillman, University of California, Irvine; Mark A. Graber, University of Maryland; Keith E. Whittington, Princeton University.
2017
KF4541 .G55 2017 (Map It)
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Author
Title
American constitutionalism : structures of government / Howard Gillman, University of California, Irvine; Mark A. Graber, University of Maryland; Keith E. Whittington, Princeton University.
Published
New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2017.
Call Number
KF4541 .G55 2017
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9780190299477 (pbk.)
0190299479 (pbk.)
9780190299484
0190299487
0190299479 (pbk.)
9780190299484
0190299487
Description
<1-> volume : illustrations ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)950611314
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Murray Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Murray Fund
Table of Contents
Topical Outline of Volume I xiii
Tables, Figures, Boxes, and Illustrations
xvii
Preface to Second Edition
xxi
Preface
xxv
Part 1 Themes
1.
Introduction to American Constitutionalism
3
I.
What Is a Constitution?
5
II.
Constitutional Purposes
7
III.
Constitutional Interpretation and Decision Making
10
IV.
Constitutional Authority
18
V.
Constitutional Change
22
VI.
Constitutional Politics and Law
25
Suggested Readings
26
Part 2 Development
2.
Colonial Era: Before 1776
31
I.
Introduction
31
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
34
William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England
35
Massachusetts Assembly Memorial
37
John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
38
Letter VII
38
III.
Powers of the National Government
39
Thomas Whately, The Regulations Lately Made
40
Daniel Dulany, Considerations of the Propriety of Imposing Taxes in the British Colonies
42
IV.
Separation of Powers
44
Boston List of Infringements
44
Declaration of Independence
45
Suggested Readings
47
3.
Founding Era: 1776-1788
49
I.
Introduction
49
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
56
A.
Judicial Review
56
"Brutus"
57
No.11
57
No.12
58
Federalist, No.78
59
No.78
59
B.
Absence of a Bill of Rights
61
Federalist Response to Anti-Federalist Critics
62
James Wilson, State House Yard Speech
62
Federalist, No. 84
63
III.
Powers of the National Government
65
Articles of Confederation
68
Virginia Plan
70
New Jersey Plan
71
Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution of the United States
73
Samuel Adams, Letter to Richard Henry Lee
74
Federalist, Nos. 1,10, and 23
75
No. 1
75
No. 10
75
No. 23
78
IV.
Federalism
79
A.
Representation of State Interests
80
Debate in the Constitutional Convention
80
Melancton Smith, Speech to the New York Ratification Convention
82
V.
Separation of Powers
83
Debate on Executive Power in the Constitutional Convention
85
Federalist, Nos. 51, 70, and 71
88
No. 51
88
No. 70
89
No. 71
90
"Centinel," Letter No.1
90
Suggested Readings
92
4.
Early National Era: 1789-1828
93
I.
Introduction
93
Alexander Hamilton, Report on Manufacturers
99
Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address
100
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
101
A.
Judicial Review
103
Calder v. Bull
105
Marbury v. Madison
106
B.
Judicial Supremacy
113
Thomas Jefferson on Departmentalism
113
C.
Federal Review of the States
114
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
115
III.
Powers of the National Government
118
A.
General Principles
120
B.
Necessary and Proper Clause
123
Debate on the Bank of the United States
125
House Debate on the Bank
127
Thomas Jefferson, Opinion on the Constitutionality of the Bill for Establishing a National Bank
128
Alexander Hamilton, Opinion as to the Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States
129
McCulloch v. Maryland
130
Spencer Roane and John Marshall on McCulloch v. Maryland
135
Spencer Roane
135
John Marshall
137
Debate on the Military Draft
138
James Monroe, Proposal for a Military Draft
139
Daniel Webster, Speech on the Proposed Military Draft
139
C.
Territorial Acquisition and Governance
140
Senate Debate on the Louisiana Purchase
140
House Debate on the Missouri Compromise
144
D.
Power to Regulate Commerce
146
United States v. The William
147
Josiah Quincy, Speech on Foreign Relations
148
Gibbons v. Ogden
149
E.
Taxing and Spending Power
153
House Report on Internal Improvements
154
James Monroe, "Views of the President of the United States on the Subject of Internal Improvements"
155
IV.
Federalism
156
A.
Sovereign Immunity
158
Chisholm v. Georgia
159
B.
State Authority to Interpret the Constitution
162
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798
163
Resolutions of the Virginia Legislature
163
Resolutions of the Kentucky Legislature
164
Resolution of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations to Virginia
165
V.
Separation of Powers
166
A.
General Principles
167
B.
Appointment and Removal Powers
169
House Debate on Removal of Executive Officers
169
C.
Executive Privilege
172
House Debate on the Jay Treaty
172
House Debate on the Jay Treaty
173
George Washington, Response to the House on the Jay Treaty
173
James Madison, Response to the President's Message
174
D.
Legislative Powers of the President
175
E.
Elections and Political Parties
176
Suggested Readings
179
5.
Jacksonian Era: 1829-1860
181
I.
Introduction
181
"An Introductory Statement of the Democratic Principle," The Democratic Review
186
John Quincy Adams, First Annual Message
188
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
189
A.
Judicial Structure and Selection
191
Debate on the Electoral Accountability of the Judiciary, Ohio Constitutional Convention
192
B.
Constitutional Litigation
195
Luther v. Borden
195
C.
Federal Review of the States
197
Barron v. Baltimore
197
III.
Powers of the National Government
199
A.
Necessary and Proper Clause
199
Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States
201
B.
Fugitive Slave Clause
204
Salmon Chase, Speech in the Case of the Colored Woman Matilda
205
Prigg v. Pennsylvania
206
John J. Crittenden, Opinion on the Constitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Bill
210
C.
Territorial Acquisition and Governance
211
Congressional Debate on the Annexation of Texas
213
Dred Scott v. Sandford
215
Abraham Lincoln, Speech on Slavery in the Territories
218
IV.
Federalism
220
A.
States and the Commerce Clause
220
Cooley v. Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia
221
B.
State Authority to Interpret the Constitution
223
John C. Calhoun, "Fort Hill Address"
224
C.
States and Native American Sovereignty
226
Worcester v. Georgia
226
V.
Separation of Powers
227
A.
Presidential Power to Execute the Law
228
Debate over the Removal of the Deposits
228
Andrew Jackson, Paper on the Removal of the Deposits
229
Henry Clay, Speech on the Removal of the Deposits
231
Andrew Jackson, Protest of the Censure Resolution
233
B.
Presidential War and Foreign Affairs Powers
234
James Polk, Second Annual Message
235
House Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War
236
C.
Legislative Powers of the President
238
House Debate on the Veto Power
238
Suggested Readings
242
6.
Secession, Civil War, and Reconstruction: 1861-1876
243
I.
Introduction
243
II.
Constitutional Authority and Judicial Power
246
A.
Judicial Structure and Selection
248
B.
Judicial Supremacy
251
C.
Constitutional Litigation
252
Ex parte McCardle
253
III.
Powers of the National Government
254
A.
Necessary and Proper Clause
255
Congressional Debate on the Legal Tender Bill
258
Hepburn v. Griswold
259
Legal Tender Cases
261
B.
Federal Power to Enforce Civil Rights
264
Senate Debate over the Civil Rights Act of 1866
265
Civil Rights Act of 1866
268
IV.
Federalism
269
A.
Secession
269
South Carolina Ordinance of Secession
270
Jeremiah Black, Opinion on the Power of the President in Executing the Laws
272
Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address
273
B.
Federalism During the Civil War
274
C.
Status of the Southern States During Reconstruction
277
William T. Sherman, "Memorandum"
278
Andrew Johnson, First Annual Message
279
Henry Winter Davis, "No Peace Before Victory"
280
Charles Sumner, "State Rebellion, State Suicide"
281
Thaddeus Stevens, Speech on Reconstruction
282
Texas v. White
283
D.
Constitutional Amendment and Ratification
287
V.
Separation of Powers
288
A.
General Principles
288
Abraham Lincoln, Fourth of July Message to Congress
288
B.
Martial Law and Habeas Corpus
289
Ex parte Merryman
292
Edward Bates, Opinion on the Suspension of the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus
294
Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
296
Democratic Alternative
297
Senate Debate
297
C.
Presidential War and Foreign Affairs Powers
299
Abraham Lincoln, "Emancipation Proclamation"
299
Benjamin Curtis, Executive Power
301
Prize Cases
303
D.
Impeaching and Censuring the President
306
Suggested Readings
309
7.
Republican Era: 1877-1932
311
I.
Introduction
311
David J. Brewer, "The Nation's Safeguard"
319
Woodrow Wilson, "The Meaning of Democracy"
320
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
322
A.
Judicial Review
325
Slaughter-House Cases
325
Theodore Roosevelt, "A Charter of Democracy"
333
William Howard Taft, Veto of Arizona Statehood
334
B.
Constitutional Litigation
336
Frothingham v. Mellon
336
III.
Powers of the National Government
337
A.
Federal Power to Enforce Civil Rights
338
Civil Rights Cases
339
Congressional Debate on Lynching
344
Letter of Attorney General H.M. Daugherty to Representative A.J. Volstead
345
Speech of Representative Hawes
345
B.
Power to Regulate Commerce
346
Senate Debate on the Sherman Antitrust Act
346
Debate on Sherman's Bill
348
On Judiciary Committee's Revised Bill
350
United States v. E.C. Knight Company
350
Champion v. Ames ["The Lottery Case"]
353
Hammer v. Dagenhart
355
C.
Taxing and Spending Power
358
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company
358
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company (Rehearing)
364
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company ["The Child Labor Tax Case"]
366
D.
Treaty Power
368
Missouri v. Holland
368
E.
Necessary and Proper Clause
370
Selective Draft Law Cases (Arver et al. v. U.S.)
370
F.
Territorial Acquisition and Governance
372
IV.
Federalism
373
A.
States and the Commerce Clause
376
Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway Company v. Illinois
377
B.
Police Powers
379
Thomas M. Cooley, Constitutional Limitations
380
Munn v. State of Illinois
381
C.
Representation of State Interests
385
George F. Hoar, "Direct Election of Senators"
385
V.
Separation of Powers
386
A.
Appointment and Removal Power
387
Myers v. United States
387
B.
Inherent Presidential Power
391
Presidents on Presidential Power
391
Grover Cleveland, "The Independence of the Executive"
392
Theodore Roosevelt, An Autobiography
392
William Howard Taft, Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers
393
Woodrow Wilson, Constitutional Government in the United States
394
C.
Nondelegation of Legislative Power
395
J.W. Hampton, Jr. & Co. v. United States
396
D.
Elections and Political Parties
397
Suggested Readings
398
8.
New Deal and Great Society Era: 1933-1968
401
I.
Introduction
401
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Commonwealth Club Address
407
Dwight Eisenhower, Letter to Edgar Newton Eisenhower
408
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
410
A.
Judicial Review
413
United States v. Carolene Products
413
B.
Judicial Supremacy
415
Franklin Roosevelt, Undelivered Speech on the Gold Clause Cases
416
Franklin Roosevelt, Fireside Chat on Court-Packing Plan
418
Senate Judiciary Committee Report on President Roosevelt's Court-Packing Plan
422
Southern Manifesto
423
Dwight Eisenhower, Address to the Nation on the Introduction of Troops in Little Rock
424
Cooper v. Aaron
425
C.
Constitutional Litigation
427
Flast v. Cohen
427
Baker v. Carr
433
D.
Federal Review of the States
439
III.
Powers of the National Government
441
A.
Power to Regulate Commerce
443
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
444
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
447
Wickard v. Filburn
450
Justice Robert Jackson, Memo on Wickard
452
B.
Federal Power to Enforce Civil Rights
454
Congressional Debate over the Civil Rights Act of 1964
455
Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
457
South Carolina v. Katzenbach
460
C.
Taxing and Spending Power
463
United States v. Butler
463
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis
467
IV.
Federalism
470
V.
Separation of Powers
471
A.
General Principles
474
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer
474
B.
Presidential War and Foreign Affairs Powers
482
Department of State Memorandum on the Authority of the President to Repel Attack in Korea
483
C.
Appointment and Removal Powers
484
Humphrey's Executor v. United States
485
D.
Nondelegation of Legislative Powers
487
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States
487
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation
489
E.
Executive Privilege
491
William P. Rogers, Senate Testimony on Executive Privilege
492
Suggested Readings
494
9.
Liberalism Divided: 1969-1980
495
I.
Introduction
495
Richard M. Nixon, Speech Accepting the Republican Presidential Nomination
498
Jimmy Carter, Inaugural Address
499
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
500
A.
Constitutional Litigation
501
Powell v. McCormack
501
Laird v. Tatum
505
Rehnquist Memo in Laird v. Tatum
509
III.
Powers of the National Government
510
IV.
Federalism
511
A.
State Immunity from Federal Regulation
512
National League of Cities v. Usery
512
V.
Separation of Powers
517
A.
Presidential War and Foreign Affairs Powers
518
Leonard C. Meeker, The Legality of the United States Participation in the Defense of Vietnam
519
J. William Fulbright, Congress and Foreign Policy
520
War Powers Act of 1973
521
Richard Nixon, Veto of the War Powers Resolution
523
Clearly Unconstitutional
523
Undermining Our Foreign Policy
524
Failure to Require Positive Congressional Action
524
United States v. United States District Court [the "Keith Case"]
524
B.
Executive Privilege
527
United States v. Nixon
528
Suggested Readings
533
Part 3 Contemporary Issues
10.
Reagan Era: 1981-1993
537
I.
Introduction
537
Ronald Reagan, First Inaugural Address
540
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
542
A.
Judicial Supremacy
544
Edwin Meese, "The Law of the Constitution"
545
B.
Judicial Review
547
William H. Rehnquist, "The Notion of a Living Constitution"
547
William J. Brennan, "The Constitution of the United States: Contemporary Ratification"
550
Nomination of Robert H. Bork to the U.S. Supreme Court
551
Ronald Reagan, "Address to the Nation"
552
Senate Judiciary Committee Hearings on the Nomination of Robert Bork
553
III.
Powers of the National Government
556
A.
General Principles
557
Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the National Conference of State Legislatures
557
B.
Taxing and Spending Power
558
South Dakota v. Dole
559
IV.
Federalism
561
A.
States and the Commerce Clause
562
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority et al.
563
B.
Constitutional Amendment and Ratification
568
V.
Separation of Powers
570
A.
Sharing the Legislative Power
571
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
571
B.
Presidential Power to Execute the Law
576
Morrison v. Olson
577
Suggested Readings
584
11.
Contemporary Era: 1994-Present
585
I.
Introduction
585
William J. Clinton, Fourth Annual Message
586
Barack Obama, Inaugural Address
588
II.
Judicial Power and Constitutional Authority
589
A.
Judicial Review
589
City of Boerne v. Flores
591
Nomination of Samuel Alito to the U.S. Supreme Court
594
B.
Constitutional Litigation
597
Doe v. Bush
597
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
599
C.
Judicial Structure and Selection
603
Senate Debate on the "Nuclear Option"
604
III.
Powers of the National Government
607
A.
Power to Regulate Commerce
610
United States v. Lopez
610
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
617
B.
Taxing and Spending Power
624
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
625
C.
Federal Power to Enforce Civil Rights
629
United States v. Morrison
630
IV.
Federalism
634
A.
State Regulation of Federal Elections
635
U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton
635
B.
Non-Commandeering
641
Printz v. United States
641
C.
Sovereign Immunity
647
Alden v. Maine
648
D.
States and the Commerce Clause
653
Granholm v. Heald
654
V.
Separation of Powers
657
A.
Sharing the Legislative Power
657
Clinton v. City of New York
659
B.
Presidential Power to Execute the Law
662
Walter Dellinger, "Presidential Authority to Decline to Execute Unconstitutional Statutes"
662
Memorandum Opinion for the Counsel to the President
663
C.
Presidential War and Foreign Affairs Powers
664
John Yoo, The President's Constitutional Authority to Conduct Military Operations
665
Memoranda on Standards of Conduct of Interrogation ("Torture Memos")
669
Jay S. Bybee, Memo to Alberto R. Gonzales, Counsel to the President
670
John Yoo, Memo to William Haynes II, General Counsel of the Department of Defense
672
Daniel Levin, Memo to James
B.
Comey, Deputy Attorney General
674
Caroline D. Krass, Memorandum Opinion on the Authority to Use Military Force in Libya
675
John Cornyn, Speech on Congressional Authorization for the Use of Military Force in Libya
677
D.
Martial Law and Habeas Corpus
679
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
680
E.
Executive Privilege
687
Cheney v. United States District Court for the District of Columbia
687
F.
Immunity from Judicial Processes
689
Clinton v. Jones
690
Suggested Readings
693
Appendices
1.
Constitution of the United States of America
695
2.
Researching and Reading Government Documents
709
3.
Chronological Table of Presidents, Congress, and the Supreme Court
719
Glossary
723
Index
729
Cases
752