Weapons and the law of armed conflict / William H. Boothby.
2016
KZ5624 .B66 2016 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Weapons and the law of armed conflict / William H. Boothby.
Published
Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2016.
Copyright
©2016
Call Number
KZ5624 .B66 2016
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9780198728504 (hardback)
0198728506 (hardback)
0198728506 (hardback)
Description
xxxvii, 422 pages ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)945764170
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 383-407) and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
xxiii
Tables of Legislation
xxv
List of Abbreviations
xxxv
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
Emergence of Weapons Law
1
1.2.
Weapons Law in Context
2
1.3.
Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello
4
1.4.
Meaning of Weapon, Means, and Methods of Warfare
4
1.5.
Outline of the Text
5
1.6.
Purpose of this Book
6
1.7.
Arms Trade Treaty
7
2.
Evolution of the Law of Weaponry
9
2.1.
Introduction
9
2.2.
Earliest Rules
9
2.3.
Lieber Code
10
2.4.
St Petersburg Declaration 1868
10
2.5.
Brussels Declaration 1874 and Oxford Manual 1880
12
2.6.
Hague Peace Conference 1899
12
2.7.
Hague Peace Conference 1907 and the Martens Clause
13
2.8.
Early Air Warfare Legal Texts
15
2.9.
1925 Geneva Gas Protocol
16
2.10.
Environmental Modification Convention 1976 and Additional Protocol 1
17
2.11.
Conventional Weapons Convention 1980
17
2.12.
Ottawa Convention 1997
18
2.13.
International Criminal Court
19
2.14.
Non-International Armed Conflicts
19
3.
Components of the International Law of Weaponry
20
3.1.
Introduction
20
3.2.
Sources of the Law of Weaponry
20
3.3.
Customary Law
21
3.4.
Treaties
25
3.5.
Language of Custom Based on Weapons Treaty Rules
31
3.6.
ICRC Customary Law Study
31
3.7.
UN Secretary-General's Bulletin
32
4.
Use of Weapons and the Law of Targeting
34
4.1.
Introduction
34
4.2.
Targeting Rules under AP1
35
4.3.
Customary Law Relating to Targeting
41
4.4.
Reprisals
42
4.5.
Reprisals in Relation to Weapons Use
44
5.
Customary Principles---Superfluous Injury and Unnecessary Suffering
46
5.1.
Early Workings of the Principle
46
5.2.
Modern Law in Additional Protocol 1
50
5.3.
Does the Rule Make Sense?
55
5.4.
SIrUS Project
56
5.5.
Continuing Importance of the Principle
57
5.6.
ICRC Customary Law Study
58
5.7.
Is there a time dimension to the principle?
58
6.
Customary Principles---Indiscriminate Weapons
60
6.1.
Introduction
60
6.2.
Emergence of the Principle of Discrimination
62
6.3.
Position in 1974
64
6.4.
rule of discrimination in AP1
65
6.5.
Clarifying the AP1 Rule
68
6.6.
ICRC Customary Law Study
70
6.7.
Rule and Nuclear Weapons
71
6.8.
Significance of the Rule
72
6.9.
Rome Statute
72
7.
Weapons and the Environment
74
7.1.
Introduction
74
7.2.
Position before 1976
75
7.3.
ENMOD
78
7.4.
Articles 35 and 55 of AP1
81
7.5.
Environmental Concerns and the Gulf War 1990--1
84
7.6.
AP1 Environmental Rules and Nuclear Weapons
85
7.7.
Reprisals
85
7.8.
ICRC Guidelines for Military Manuals
86
7.9.
ICRC Customary Law Study
87
7.10.
Peacetime Environmental Law in Armed Conflict
90
7.11.
Conclusion
91
8.
Conventional Weapons Convention
92
8.1.
Introduction
92
8.2.
Brief History
93
8.3.
Examining the Convention's provisions
94
8.4.
Status of Weapons Prohibited by the Protocols
100
8.5.
Conclusion
101
9.
Poison, Poisoned Weapons, Asphyxiating Gases, Biological and Chemical Weapons
103
9.1.
Poison and Poisoned Weapons
103
9.2.
Asphyxiating Gas
107
9.3.
Bacteriological and Biological Weapons
111
9.4.
Chemical Weapons
116
10.
Firearms, Bullets, and Analogous Projectiles
133
10.1.
Introduction
133
10.2.
Firearms
133
10.3.
Explosive Bullets
134
10.4.
Bullets that Expand or Flatten Easily in the Human Body
138
10.5.
Testing
144
10.6.
Applying Weapons Law Rules by Analogy
146
10.7.
Initiatives within the CCW
147
11.
Mines, Booby-Traps, and Other Devices
149
11.1.
Introduction
149
11.2.
Mines, Booby-Traps, and Other Devices under Protocol II
151
11.3.
Amended Protocol II
159
11.4.
Participation in the Protocols
171
11.5.
Customary Law Rules
171
11.6.
Compliance
174
11.7.
Anti-Personnel Landmines and the Ottawa Convention
174
11.8.
Participation in the Ottawa Convention
186
11.9.
Mines Other than Anti-Personnel Mines
186
11.10.
General Compliance
188
12.
Rules Relating to Other Specific Technologies
189
12.1.
Introduction
189
12.2.
Non-Detectable Fragments
190
12.3.
Incendiary Weapons
193
12.4.
Laser Weapons
202
12.5.
Application to Non-International Armed Conflicts
206
12.6.
Compliance
207
13.
Nuclear Weapons
208
13.1.
Introduction
208
13.2.
Nuclear Weapons and AP1
209
13.3.
AP1 Ratification Statements by NATO States
210
13.4.
International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion
212
13.5.
UK Position
214
13.6.
Nuclear Disarmament and the Future
215
14.
Applying Weapons Law to Particular Weapon Systems
217
14.1.
Introduction
217
14.2.
Missiles, Bombs, and Artillery
217
14.3.
Blast Weapons
222
14.4.
Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons
224
14.5.
Herbicides
226
14.6.
Flechettes
228
14.7.
Depleted Uranium
230
14.8.
White Phosphorus
231
14.9.
Non-Lethal Weapons
233
14.10.
Cyber Weapons
237
14.11.
Remotely Controlled Weapon Systems
242
14.12.
Automated and Autonomous Weapons: The Technologies
247
14.13.
Automated and Autonomous Weapons: Applying the Law
252
14.14.
Electromagnetic Microwave Counter-IED Weapons
257
14.15.
Nanotechnology
258
14.16.
Metamaterials
261
14.17.
Conclusion
262
15.
Cluster Munitions
264
15.1.
Introduction
264
15.2.
Nature and Use of Cluster Munitions
264
15.3.
Cluster Munitions and the CCW
267
15.4.
Other Developments
267
15.5.
Oslo Process
268
15.6.
Convention on Cluster Munitions
269
15.7.
Destruction of Cluster Munitions
271
15.8.
Victim Assistance, Transparency, and Compliance
273
15.9.
Interoperability
274
15.10.
Conclusion
278
16.
Maritime and Outer Space Weapons
280
16.1.
Maritime Weapons: Introduction
280
16.2.
Sea Mines
281
16.3.
Nuclear Mines
290
16.4.
Submarines
290
16.5.
Missiles and Other Projectiles
294
16.6.
Torpedoes
295
16.7.
Conclusion
295
16.8.
Outer Space Weapons
296
17.
Unexploded and Abandoned Weapons
301
17.1.
Introduction
301
17.2.
Explosive Remnants of War Problem
303
17.3.
Protocol V to the CCW
305
17.4.
Conclusion
315
17.5.
Participation in Protocol V
316
Appendix to Chapter 17
316
18.
Non-International Armed Conflict
320
18.1.
Introduction
320
18.2.
Treaty Law of Weaponry Applicable in NIACs
320
18.3.
Customary Law Position
325
18.4.
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
332
18.5.
Conclusion
333
19.
Compliance with International Weapons Law
334
19.1.
Introduction
334
19.2.
Treaty Provisions Relating to Compliance
334
19.3.
Legal Advice to Commanders
341
19.4.
Domestic Legislation
342
19.5.
Legal Reviews of Weapons, Means, and Methods of Warfare
342
19.6.
Export Control Procedures
355
20.
Technology, Humanitarian Concern, and the Future
356
20.1.
Technology and Battlefield Advantage
356
20.2.
Technology and Humanitarian Concern
358
20.3.
Law Lagging Behind Technology
359
20.4.
Law, Technology, and the Humanitarian Dimension
360
20.5.
Technology and the Law: Which Comes First?
363
20.6.
New Treaties for New Technologies
363
20.7.
Technological Advance: Revisiting a Treaty
365
20.8.
If Humanitarian Concern Does Not Lead to a Treaty
366
20.9.
Bringing the Factors Together
367
20.10.
Making Progress in Weapons Law
369
20.11.
How Are Changes in Treaty Law Initiated?
372
20.12.
Role of States
375
20.13.
Does Any of This Matter?
378
20.14.
Path to Progress
379
20.15.
Conclusion
380
Bibliography
383
Index
409