The impact of naturalistic and legal positivist doctrines on the implementation of international human rights treaty law : the case of reservations to human rights treaties / Despoina Glarou.
2017
KZ1266 .G53 2017 (Map It)
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Author
Title
The impact of naturalistic and legal positivist doctrines on the implementation of international human rights treaty law : the case of reservations to human rights treaties / Despoina Glarou.
Published
Baden-Baden, Germany : Nomos, 2017.
Copyright
©2017
Call Number
KZ1266 .G53 2017
Edition
1. edition.
Spine Title
Case of reservations to human rights treaties
ISBN
9783848734757 (paperback)
3848734753 (paperback)
9783845278421 (e-PDF)
3848734753 (paperback)
9783845278421 (e-PDF)
Description
387 pages ; 23 cm.
Other Standard Identifiers
9783848734757
System Control No.
(OCoLC)970655923
Summary
"The concept of human rights has developed during the last 60 years mainly through multilateral treaties as a positivist branch of public international law. However, key positivist doctrines such as pacta sunt servanda or state sovereignty pose significant obstacles to the effective realization of a modern human rights regime. The universal, inherent and inalienable nature of fundamental human rights, deriving from their natural law origins, are often set aside by such doctrines and annulled. Through close examination of reservations to human rights treaties, this study sheds new light on the deep interplay of naturalistic and legal positivist doctrines on the progress and implementation of human rights law (CEDAW, HR Committee, ILC). It is argued that the positions of apex human rights bodies regarding reservations reveal that establishing a human rights concept within a legal positivist environment, without a systematic methodological foundation, endangers its basic sustainability."-- Provided by publisher.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
15
A.
Foreword
17
B.
Fundamental aspects of the modern human rights concept
24
I.
Towards a modem human rights concept
24
1.
Origins and historical milestones in the perception of modem human rights
24
2.
Human rights concept
30
a).
Human rights from a value to a legal concept
30
b).
Elements of debate
32
aa).
Definition
32
bb).
Implementation, compliance and enforcement
41
c).
Human dignity
45
3.
Evolving nature of the human rights concept
47
II.
Role of the main actors
49
1.
State
50
2.
International Organizations
53
3.
Civil society -- non-governmental organizations
55
4.
International Tribunals
60
5.
Individual
65
III.
Influential societal forces and actors
68
1.
Religion
68
2.
Culture
75
3.
Political systems
80
4.
Globalization
84
C.
principle of respect for fundamental human rights and its implementation
91
I.
General Principles of Public International Law
91
1.
Introduction
91
2.
role of principles in public international law
92
a).
Fundamental principles of `traditional' and `contemporary' character
92
b).
Ambiguity in the origins and nature of the principles
95
c).
Legal character/effect/role of principles
100
II.
traits of the principle of respect for fundamental human rights
103
1.
legal foundations of the principle
105
a).
UN Charter
105
aa).
principle of respect for human rights in the UN Charter
105
bb).
legal nature of the UN Charter and its legal effect on the principle
107
b).
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights
115
aa).
Introduction
115
bb).
Legal and Practical Significance
117
c).
International Human Rights Instruments
121
d).
Customary Law
125
2.
content and legal effects of the principle of respect for human rights: naturalistic and positivist legal interactions
130
III.
Current International Human Rights Protection
135
1.
Introduction
135
2.
International Human Rights Frameworks
136
a).
United Nations Human Rights System
136
b).
Regional Systems
138
c).
Remarks
139
3.
Ambiguity in the role of human rights treaties
140
a).
Introduction
140
b).
Special Nature of Human Rights Treaties
141
4.
Enforcement, Implementation, Justice
144
a).
Monitoring mechanisms
144
b).
Human Rights Courts
148
D.
Human Rights in a Legal Theoretical Systematic Approach: Natural Law Theory and Legal Positivism
157
I.
Legal Positivism and Natural Law Theory
157
1.
Introduction
157
2.
concepts
158
a).
Natural Law Theory
158
b).
Legal Positivism
165
c).
Naturalism, Positivism and Public International Law
169
II.
Naturalism and Legal Positivism in Relation to the Human Rights Doctrine
178
1.
Introduction and Justification
178
2.
Natural Law and Natural Rights Theorizing
181
a).
natural rights concept
181
b).
Origins of Rights: Interactions of legal positivism and natural law theorizing
186
3.
Natural Law Theory, Individualism and the Modern Human Rights Doctrine
192
4.
Dogmatic Ambiguities
198
a).
Points of critique
198
b).
Limits of Systems
200
E.
Reservations to Human Rights Treaties: Natural Law Theory and Legal Positivism as Underlying Barriers to Human Rights Implementation
206
I.
Introduction and Justification
206
II.
Reservations in Public International Law
208
1.
Introduction
208
2.
Definition
208
3.
Regulations
215
a).
Theoretical Background
215
b).
Genocide Case
220
c).
Regime of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
224
III.
Main Debates on Reservations to Human Rights Treaties
229
1.
Universalism, Political Realism, Cultural Relativism and Integrity of Human Rights
229
a).
Universalism
229
b).
Political realism
234
c).
Cultural relativism
236
d).
Concluding Observations
243
2.
Debates on the Law Applicable in Reservations to Human Rights Treaties and Legal Implications
246
a).
Suitability of the Vienna Convention -- Need for Regulation
246
b).
Debates on Legal Implications
250
aa).
Competence
250
bb).
Admissibility and Legal Effects of Inadmissible Reservations
252
c).
principle of state sovereignty
258
IV.
Impact of Naturalistic and Legal Positivist Approaches on Debates on Reservations to Human Rights Treaties
263
1.
Reservations to Human Rights Treaties Debates in Practice: The Case of CEDAW
263
a).
`object and purpose' of the treaty in the interests of `universality'
263
b).
Discourse on universality in the light of cultural relativism and sovereignty
272
2.
Debates on Reservations to Human Rights Treaties in the Practice of the Human Rights Committee: `Quis Judicabit' and the Legal Effects of Inadmissible Reservations
274
a).
Towards the General Comment No 24 -- The Case of the United States
274
b).
General Comment No. 24
283
c).
Reactions: The Case of the United States of America
288
aa).
Direct Reactions
288
bb).
Effects of the General Comment on the Praxis of the USA Periodical Reports
297
3.
Work of the International Law Commission: Current Developments
317
a).
On the questions of a special regime for reservations to human rights treaties and of the role of monitoring bodies
317
b).
ILC's `Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties', in the light of the debates on reservations to human rights treaties
325
c).
Concluding Remarks
345
F.
Concluding Thoughts
348
Literature
353
International Agreements
373
Sources
377
Judicial Procedures
377
National legislation, regulations and policy statements
381
United Nations sources (Documents, Reports and Resolutions)
381
Other sources
386