Indigenous peoples' status in the international legal system / Mattias Åhrén.
2016
KZ1269 .A36 2016 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Indigenous peoples' status in the international legal system / Mattias Åhrén.
Published
Oxford ; New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2016.
Call Number
KZ1269 .A36 2016
Edition
First edition.
ISBN
9780198778196 (hardback)
0198778198 (hardback)
0198778198 (hardback)
Description
xiv, 264 pages ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)928777842
Summary
"Indigenous Peoples' Status in the International Legal System offers a new and profound insight into the international indigenous rights discourse. This volume articulates that the understanding of peoples is paramount to the question of whether indigenous peoples are beneficiaries of the right to self-determination, and, if so, what should be the content and scope of this right. The book additionally explores the contemporary meaning of equality, arguing that the understanding of equality fundamentally impacts what rights indigenous peoples possess over territories and natural resources. This book outlines the rights of greatest relevance to indigenous peoples, communities, and individuals, and explains the justification for indigenous rights"--Unedited summary from book jacket.
Note
Based on the author's thesis (Doctoral--UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 2010).
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 241-255) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
List of Abbreviations
xiii
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
premise and the outline of this book
1
1.2.
Relation to previous works
2
Part I. Historical Background And Underlying Principles And Theories Relevant To The Indigenous Rights Discourse
2.
Classical International Law and Early Philosophy Theory on Peoples' Rights
7
2.1.
Introduction
7
2.2.
period prior to the Peace of Westphalia
8
2.3.
period between the Peace of Westphalia and the League of Nations
10
2.3.1.
States, state sovereignty, and classical international law's understanding of 'peoples'
10
2.3.2.
Post-Westphalian international law's position on indigenous peoples' traditional territories- the terra nullius doctrine
16
2.3.3.
rule of uti possidetis
19
2.4.
League of Nations epoch
19
2.4.1.
International law on rights of peoples and minorities during the League of Nations epoch
19
2.4.2.
International law's position on indigenous land and natural resource rights during the League of Nations epoch
23
2.4.3.
Generally on the terra nullius and various forms of discovery doctrines in the 19th and 20th centuries
24
2.4.4.
Practical examples of applications of the terra nullius and discovery doctrines in the 19th and 20th centuries
24
2.4.5.
Final remarks
26
2.5.
post-World War II period-return of classical international law's position on group rights
26
2.5.1.
Introduction
26
2.5.2.
United Nations Charter
28
2.5.3.
international Bill of Rights and other human rights instruments of the era
29
2.5.4.
decolonization epoch
33
3.
Political Theory that Underpins the Law
39
3.1.
Introduction
39
3.2.
Further on conventional individual liberalism
40
3.3.
Criticism of conventional individual liberalism
42
3.3.1.
Generally
42
3.3.2.
Nationalism
45
3.4.
Communitarianism
46
3.5.
Criticism of communitarianism
47
3.6.
Multiculturalism
49
3.6.1.
Generally on multiculturalism
49
3.6.2.
Particularly on multiculturalism and indigenous peoples
51
3.6.3.
Limitations of multiculturalism
51
3.7.
Criticism of multiculturalism
52
3.8.
success of multiculturalism and its legal relevance
53
4.
International Law on International Legal Sources
55
4.1.
Introduction
55
4.2.
What are relevant legal sources in the international legal system?
56
4.2.1.
Introduction
56
4.2.2.
Peremptory norms
58
4.2.3.
International treaties
60
4.2.4.
Customary international law
61
4.2.5.
General principles of law recognized by civilized nations
64
4.2.6.
'Soft law'
65
4.3.
Further on the relative status of various international legal sources
66
4.3.1.
inherent juxtaposition of the liberal international legal system
66
4.3.2.
Eggs d'droit-the soft and hard variety
69
4.4.
Norms for interpreting treaties and other international legal instruments
73
4.4.1.
Treaties
73
4.4.2.
Other international instruments
75
4.5.
Conclusions
76
Part II. Indigenous Peoples' Legal Status And The Right To Self-Determination
5.
Indigenous Peoples' Legal Status Under Contemporary International Law
81
5.1.
Introduction
81
5.2.
Generally on peoples' rights during the 1970s and 1980s
82
5.3.
seed to an indigenous rights discourse
83
5.4.
Minority rights-'collectivization' of individual rights
87
5.5.
United Nations (UN) Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) Article 27
90
5.5.1.
Further on 'collectivization' of individual rights
90
5.5.2.
material content of CCPR Article 27-indigenous land and resource rights as cultural rights
93
5.6.
International Labour Organization's (ILO) Convention No 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (ILO 169)-recognition of collective rights proper of indigenous groups
95
5.7.
Contemporary international law on indigenous peoples' rights
96
5.7.1.
Introduction
96
5.7.2.
Universally applicable international legal sources: generally
97
5.7.3.
Universally applicable legal sources-particularly on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
101
5.7.4.
Further on the legal status of the UNDRIP
103
5.7.5.
Endorsement of the UNDRIP by the UN system and beyond
105
5.7.6.
Regional legal sources
107
5.7.7.
Recognition of indigenous peoples as international subjects in UN institutions and processes
112
5.8.
legal doctrine
113
5.9.
Conclusions
118
5.10.
compatibility between state sovereignty and a right to self-determination of indigenous peoples
119
5.10.1.
Introduction
119
5.10.2.
external aspect-territorial integrity of states
120
5.10.3.
internal aspect-jurisdiction
121
5.11.
relationship between indigenous peoples' rights and (i) group rights in general, and (ii) the rights of individual members of the group
124
5.11.1.
Introduction
124
5.11.2.
relationship between indigenous peoples' rights and group rights in general
124
5.11.3.
Potential conflicts between indigenous peoples' rights and those of individual members of the group
125
6.
Content and Scope of the Right to Self-Determination When Applied to Indigenous Peoples
131
6.1.
external aspect of the right to self-determination
131
6.2.
Generally on the internal aspect of the right to self-determination-a mere right of indigenous individuals to participate in the political life of the state on equal footing with other citizens?
132
6.3.
Further on the Internal Aspect of Self-Determination
133
6.3.1.
Introduction
133
6.3.2.
Is the scope of the right to self-determination limited to affairs completely internal to an indigenous people?
133
6.3.3.
proposed principle for establishing the content and scope of the internal aspect of the right to self-determination when applied to indigenous peoples-the sliding scale
138
6.3.4.
Territorial and cultural autonomy
142
6.3.5.
closing of a circle
143
6.4.
On the definition of 'indigenous peoples'
143
Part III. The Right To Equality And Rights Over Lands And Natural Resources Traditionally Used
7.
Right to Equality
149
7.1.
Introduction
149
7.2.
right to equality in international legal instruments
149
7.3.
conventional understanding of the right to non-discrimination-the requirement that equal cases be treated equally
150
7.4.
contemporary understanding of the right to equality-different cases be treated differently
152
7.5.
fornial collective right of indigenous peoples to equality?
156
7.6.
Conclusions-the relevance of the evolved understanding of the right to equality to the indigenous rights discourse
159
7.7.
closing of a circle
160
7.8.
Briefly on the relationship between the right to equality and the principle of universality of human rights
161
8.
Indigenous Communities' Property Rights over Lands and Natural Resources Traditionally Used
163
8.1.
Introduction
163
8.2.
basic nature of the right to property
163
8.2.1.
Property rights theory
163
8.2.2.
general understanding of the right to property under international law
165
8.2.3.
Generally on the relevance of international law's understanding of the right to property to indigenous property rights over territories
166
8.3.
Rejection of the terra nullius doctrine
167
8.3.1.
Introduction
167
8.3.2.
Western Sahara
168
8.3.3.
Rejection of the terra nullius doctrine in the indigenous rights discourse
169
8.4.
right to property when rooted in the conventional understanding of the right to equality
170
8.5.
right to property when rooted in the evolved understanding of the right to equality
173
8.6.
International legal sources on indigenous land rights
174
8.6.1.
International Labour Organization's (ILO) Convention No 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries
174
8.6.2.
Treaty body jurisprudence
176
8.6.3.
UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
177
8.6.4.
Regional legal sources-the Inter-American human rights institutions
179
8.6.5.
Regional legal sources outside the Americas
182
8.6.6.
Some domestic examples of application of the evolved understanding of the right to equality
183
8.6.7.
compatibility between indigenous land rights and the practice of extinguishment
186
8.7.
Conclusions
192
8.8.
right to restitution
194
8.8.1.
Introduction
194
8.8.2.
Universally applicable legal sources
195
8.8.3.
Regional legal sources
197
8.8.4.
Conclusions
198
9.
Content and Scope of Indigenous Communities' Property Rights over Lands and Natural Resources Traditionally Used
201
9.1.
Briefly on the relevant legal subject with regard to indigenous property rights over lands
201
9.2.
Indigenous communities' right to withhold or offer their consent to third parties that seek access to their traditional territories
202
9.2.1.
general rule; consent
202
9.2.2.
possible exception to the general rule; expropriation-introduction
206
9.2.3.
Generally on the legitimate aim and proportionality criteria
207
9.2.4.
On the legitimate aim criterion when applied in an indigenous context
208
9.2.5.
On the proportionality criterion when applied in an indigenous context
209
9.2.6.
Conclusions
212
9.3.
Natural resources traditionally used
213
9.4.
Natural resources not traditionally used by indigenous communities
214
9.4.1.
International legal sources and the legal doctrine
214
9.4.2.
underlying rationale behind indigenous communities' right to benefit-sharing
217
9.5.
Genetic resources
218
10.
Summary
221
10.1.
Introduction
221
10.2.
Indigenous peoples as subjects of international law
221
10.2.1.
International law's understanding of 'peoples'
221
10.2.2.
content and scope of the right to self-determination when applied to indigenous peoples
224
10.3.
right to equality
226
10.3.1.
two facets of the right to equality
226
10.3.2.
evolved understanding of the right to equality-implications for the rights of indigenous individuals in general
227
10.3.3.
evolved understanding of equality-particularly on its relevance to indigenous community's property rights over lands and natural resources traditionally used
228
10.4.
right to restitution
231
10.5.
Concluding remarks
232
10.5.1.
Recapture
232
10.5.2.
Final reflections
234
Epilogue
237
Bibliography
241
Index
257