An introduction to comparative legal models of criminal justice / Cliff Roberson, Emeritus Professor of Criminal Justice, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas, USA ; Dilip K. Das, President, International Police Executive Symposium, Guilderland, New York, USA.
2016
K5001 .R62 2016 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Title
An introduction to comparative legal models of criminal justice / Cliff Roberson, Emeritus Professor of Criminal Justice, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas, USA ; Dilip K. Das, President, International Police Executive Symposium, Guilderland, New York, USA.
Published
Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016]
Call Number
K5001 .R62 2016
Former Call Number
Comp 865 R541 2016
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9781498746267 (hardback)
1498746268 (hardback)
9781498746298
1498746292
9781498746274
1498746276
9781498746304
1498746306
1498746268 (hardback)
9781498746298
1498746292
9781498746274
1498746276
9781498746304
1498746306
Description
xvi, 333 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)913768229
Summary
"Updated to reflect changes in the crimindal justice systems in several countries, An introduction to comparative legal models of criminal justice, second edition explores and illustrates the idea that a country's legal model determines the character of its police, corrections, and legal system. It focuses on how law shapes policing, including how it causes police to act as though they are above the law ... Thorough and concise, An introduction to comparative legal models of criminal justice, second edition provides a text covering the different major legal models in the world that is ideal for a one-semester course"--Page 4 of cover.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 315-320) and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Preface
xv
1.
Introduction to the Study of Comparative Legal Models
1
Chapter Objectives
1
Key Terms
1
Introduction
2
Words of Art
7
Legal Models
7
Jurisprudence
7
Natural Law
8
Positive Law Approach
8
Historical Approach
9
Law as an Instrument of Control
9
Function of a Court System
10
Rule of Law
11
United Nations and the Rule of Law
12
Justice Project Index
13
Brief Examination of the Legal Models
13
Common Law
14
Civil Law
15
Revival of Roman Law
18
Commercial Law
19
Civil Law Model Today
20
Common Law Model
21
Islamic Model
22
Socialist Model
23
Mixed-Legal Model
24
Mexico's Reform Movement
24
Judicial Opinion under the Common Law Model Compared to the Civil Law Model
26
Law Enforcement Systems
27
Punishments
28
Comparative Violence
29
Summary
31
Questions in Review
31
2.
Common Law: The Courts
33
Chapter Objectives
33
Key Terms
33
Introduction
34
Henry II
35
Magna Carta
38
Sir Edward Coke
38
Sir William Blackstone
39
Common Law in the United States
41
U.S. Court Systems Today
42
Federal System
42
U.S. Court of Appeals
42
U.S. District Courts
43
U.S. Magistrates
44
Participants in a Criminal Case
44
Trial Judge
45
Defendant
46
Prosecuting Attorney
46
State Attorney General
48
Defense Counsel
49
Right to Represent Oneself
50
Privileged Communication
50
Clerk of the Court
51
Bailiff
51
Court Reporter
52
Court Commissioners
52
English Court System Today
52
England, Wales, and Scotland
53
Court of Queen's or King's Bench
53
Supreme Court of Judicature
54
Magistrates' Court
54
Crown Court
55
Royal Courts of Justice
55
Comparisons between the United States and the United Kingdom
55
Yale Kamisar on the Exclusionary Rule
57
Justice Benjamin Cardozo
57
Practice of Law
59
Canadian Legal System
62
Court Structure
62
Provincial and Territorial Superior Courts
63
Provincial and Territorial Courts
64
Judiciary
64
Right to Fair Trial versus Freedom of the Press
65
Scottish Legal System
65
Australian Legal System
66
Legal System
67
Classification of Crimes
67
Summary
69
Questions in Review
70
3.
Policing and Corrections under the Common Law Model
71
Chapter Objectives
71
Key Terms
71
Policing in Common Law Countries
72
Deviance Control or Civil Order Control
72
Policing Models
73
Local Policing in the United States and England
74
Current Policing in the United States
75
Mission of Local Police Departments
75
Local Policing in England and Wales
77
Hiring Requirements for U.S. and English Police Officers
78
Salaries for English and U.S. Police Officers
79
Training of New Officers
80
Police Powers and Use of Discretion
80
Community Policing under the Common Law Model
81
London Metropolitan Police Authority's Safer Neighborhoods Policing Awareness Campaign
82
Policing in Canada
82
Police Service in Calgary, Canada
84
Core Values
84
Guiding Principles
85
RCMP'S Approach to Policing in Canada
87
Corrections in Common Law Countries
88
Sentencing under Common Law Model
91
Differences between United Kingdom and Wales
93
Sentencing in the United Kingdom
94
Confinement
94
Rates of Incarceration
94
Approaches to Confinement in the United States
95
California Penal Code, Section 1170(a)
95
English Purposes of Confinement
95
Case Study: Confinement in Ireland
96
Prisons Ombudsman
97
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 5
97
Alternatives to Incarceration
97
Corporal Punishment
98
Fines
98
Probation
98
Probation in England
99
Probation in the United States
99
Standard Probation Rules for the State of Texas (Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 42.12)
100
House Arrest
101
Death Penalty
102
Summary
104
Questions in Review
105
4.
Civil Law Model: The Courts
107
Chapter Objectives
107
Key Terms
107
Introduction
108
Early Tribal and Feudal Laws
108
Early Legislation
109
Influence of Roman Law
109
Canon Law
111
Concordia Discordantium Canonum
111
Commercial Law
111
Development of National Legal Systems
112
Napoleonic Code
113
German Legal Science
114
Law in Action: The Inquisitorial System of Prosecution
115
Codes in Civil and Common Law Models
117
Inquisitorial Prosecution
117
German Civil Law System
118
In Germany Is It Illegal to Shoot Down a Passenger Plane That Is Being Used by Terrorists?
120
Death Penalty in Germany
121
Rights of the Accused in a German Criminal Trial
123
Principle of Territoriality
126
Law in Action: Juries in the Civil Law Model
126
Criminal Justice in France
127
Criminal Justice in Brazil
129
Summary
133
Questions in Review
134
5.
Policing and Corrections under the Civil Law Model
135
Chapter Objectives
135
Key Terms
135
Introduction
136
Law Enforcement in France
137
Typical Proceedings in Police Court
138
Law Enforcement in Germany
138
Law Enforcement in Brazil
141
State Police Special Operations Battalion
142
Corrections under the Civil Law Model
142
Pretrial Diversion
143
Plea Bargaining
145
Confinement
148
Probation
149
Parole
150
Death Penalty
151
Fines
151
Summary
152
Questions in Review
153
6.
Islamic Law Model: The Courts
155
Chapter Objectives
155
Key Terms
155
Introduction
156
Muhammad
158
Origins and Evolution
159
Sources
160
Fundamental Principles
161
Structure of Penal Law
162
Murder under Islamic Law
163
Evidence of Guilt
164
Confessions
164
Testimony of Eyewitnesses
164
Other Evidence
165
Doubt as to Guilt
165
Establishing Guilt as to Adultery
166
Beheading, Not Solely an Islamic Punishment
167
Saudi Arabia
168
Criminal Cases
169
Pakistan
170
Article 31, Pakistan's Constitution (1973)
171
Iran
172
Summary
173
Questions in Review
175
7.
Policing and Corrections under the Islamic Legal Model
177
Chapter Objectives
177
Key Terms
177
Introduction
177
Saudi Policing
179
Saudi Arabia's Record on Human Rights
180
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
181
Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile
181
Policing in Pakistan
182
Policing in Iran
183
Corrections
184
Amputation
186
Blood Money
187
Caning in Saudi Arabia
187
Aid to Prisoners' Families
188
Corrections in Iran
188
Corrections in Pakistan
189
Summary
190
Questions in Review
190
8.
Socialist Law Model: The Courts
191
Chapter Objectives
191
Key Terms
191
Introduction
191
Legal System of Russia
192
People's Republic of China
195
Public Trials in China
197
Crimes
198
Court System
199
Confessions
201
Law of Search and Seizure
201
Rights of an Accused
201
Court Procedures
202
Legal System of Cuba
202
Court Structure
206
Trial Procedure
207
Extradition from Cuba
207
Summary
208
Questions in Review
208
9.
Policing and Corrections under the Socialist Legal Model
209
Chapter Objectives
209
Key Terms
209
Introduction
210
Public Trust and Community Policing
210
Policing in Russia
211
Policing in the People's Republic of China
213
Use of Force by Police in China
214
Police Detention
215
Public Crime Statistics
215
Policing in Cuba
216
Corrections in Russia
217
Imprisonment in Russia
217
Corrections in China
218
Sentencing Rallies in China
218
Chinese Prisons
220
Early Release of Prisoners
220
Prison Conditions
220
Corrections in Cuba
221
Range of Punishments
221
Confinement in Cuba
221
Summary
222
Questions in Review
223
10.
Mixed-Law Models
225
Chapter Objectives
225
Key Terms
225
Introduction
225
Bulgarian System of Law
226
Bulgarian Court System
226
Bulgarian Prosecutors
227
Crime Classification
227
Trial Procedure
228
Bulgarian Police System
229
Corrections in Bulgaria
230
Confinement in Bulgaria
230
Indian System of Law
232
Indian Legal History
232
Crime Classifications in India
233
Indian Court System
233
Policing in India
235
Criminal Process in India
236
Prosecutors
237
Corrections in India
237
Confinement in India
238
Sri Lankan System of Law
238
Criminal Justice System
239
Crime Classification
239
Sri Lanka's Court System
239
Policing in Sri Lanka
240
Trial Procedures
240
Sentencing Process
241
Confinement in Sri Lanka
242
Summary
242
Questions in Review
243
11.
International Courts
245
Chapter Objectives
245
Key Terms
245
Introduction
245
ICC
247
Genocide
248
United States and the ICC
248
Establishment of the Court
249
President of the ICC
249
Judicial Divisions
250
Prosecutor
250
Registry
250
Other Offices
250
Jurisdiction and Admissibility
250
Procedure
251
Duties of States That Are Parties
252
Selected Court Cases
252
Frequent Questions Asked of Court Personnel and Their Answers
253
Chronology of the Development of the ICC
255
Trial Procedure of the ICC
256
International Court of Justice
257
Permanent Court of International Justice
259
Establishment of the International Court of Justice
260
Resolution of Cases
260
Practice Directions
261
Jurisdiction of the ICJ
262
Contentious Cases
262
Advisory Proceedings
263
Court of Justice of European Communities
263
Excerpts from the Establishing Treaty
265
Proceedings before the Court
266
Court of First Instance
269
Actions Relating to EU Trademarks
270
Examples of Cases Brought before the Court of First Instance
271
Civil Service Tribune
273
Summary
274
Questions in Review
274
12.
International Criminal Justice Agencies and Associations
275
Chapter Objectives
275
Key Terms
275
Introduction
275
Interpol
276
Structure
276
Core Functions
278
Trafficking in Human Beings
278
Definition of Human Trafficking
279
Corruption
279
Child Sexual Exploitation
279
Interpol Databases as of December 2006
280
Public Safety and Terrorism
280
Drugs
281
Criminal Organizations
282
Financial and High-Tech Crimes
282
Fugitive Investigative Services
282
Interpol's Other Areas of Crime
283
National Central Reference Points Network
284
International Cybercrime Conference
284
Europol
285
Europol Computer System
286
International Association of Chiefs of Police
286
International Police Association
287
United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Network
287
UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
288
International Center for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy
288
Criminal Justice Reform Unit
289
Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention
290
Institutes of the UN Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program Network
291
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
292
UN Terrorism Prevention Branch
292
International Narcotics Control Board
293
Transnational Organized Crime
293
Trafficking in Humans
294
United Nations and Juvenile Justice
294
Differences between Trafficking and Smuggling
296
United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children
296
Trafficking in Firearms
300
International Police Executive Symposium
305
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
306
Organization of American States
307
Article 3 of the Charter of the OAS
309
Child Wise
310
Summary
310
Questions in Review
310
Appendix: Excerpts from the World Justice Project[—]Rule of Law Index 2014
311
References
315
Index
321