International human rights law and practice / Ilias Bantekas and Lutz Oette.
2016
K3240 .B362 2016 (Map It)
Available at Cellar
Formats
| Format | |
|---|---|
| BibTeX | |
| MARCXML | |
| TextMARC | |
| MARC | |
| DublinCore | |
| EndNote | |
| NLM | |
| RefWorks | |
| RIS |
Items
Details
Author
Title
International human rights law and practice / Ilias Bantekas and Lutz Oette.
Published
Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Call Number
K3240 .B362 2016
Edition
Second edition.
ISBN
9781107125049 hardcover
1107125049 hardcover
9781107562110 paperback
1107562112 paperback
1107125049 hardcover
9781107562110 paperback
1107562112 paperback
Description
lxiii, 860 pages ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)934938998
Summary
"[This book] explores the subject [of human rights law] from a theoretical and practical perspective, guiding students to a rich understanding of the law. The second edition has been fully revised and updated, including two new chapters on children's rights and international criminal law, and new sections on a variety of topics, including the right to equality, the protection of refugees and the effect of foreign investment and sovereign debt on the enjoyment of human rights. In addition, new case studies and interviews with practitioners, NGO activists and policymakers show how theory is applied in real life. Student learning is supported by questions to stimulate seminar discussion and further reading sections that encourage independent study." -- from back cover.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Added Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Soll Fund
Table of Contents
List of abbreviations
xviii
Table of cases
xxvi
Introduction
1
1.
International human rights law and notions of human rights: foundations, achievements and challenges
4
1.1.
Introduction
4
1.2.
development of human rights and international human rights law
6
1.2.1.
Foundations
6
1.2.2.
American and French declarations of rights
8
1.2.3.
struggle for rights in the nineteenth century
10
1.2.4.
World War I, the League of Nations and human rights
12
1.2.5.
World War II, the Holocaust and the foundations of the international human rights system
14
1.2.6.
UDHR: origins, content and significance
15
1.2.7.
Cold War and decolonisation
19
1.2.8.
growth of international human rights law
21
1.3.
Current challenges
23
1.3.1.
International/cross-border dimension of violations
24
1.3.2.
Responsibility of multiple actors
25
1.3.3.
Effective monitoring and implementation
26
1.3.4.
Human rights imperialism and exceptionalism
27
1.4.
idea of human rights: theories and critiques
29
1.4.1.
Moral and liberal human rights theories
30
1.4.2.
Meeting the challenge: reconstructing human rights
32
1.5.
Universal human rights: contestations and practices
35
1.5.1.
debate
35
Interview 1.1: Human rights and the uprisings in the Arab world (Moataz El Fegiery)
40
1.5.2.
Experiences in combating female genital cutting/mutilation
44
Further Reading
48
2.
International human rights law: the normative framework
49
2.1.
Introduction
49
2.2.
Sources
52
2.2.1.
Treaties
52
2.2.1.1.
Treaty-making
52
2.2.1.2.
Reservations
55
2.2.2.
Customary international law
59
2.2.2.1.
UDHR and customary international law
61
2.2.3.
Judicial decisions as source of law
62
2.2.4.
Soft law
65
2.2.5.
UNDRIP: a soft law success story?
66
2.2.6.
Jus cogens and erga omnes
67
2.3.
Principles, rights, obligations and scope of application
71
2.3.1.
Principles
71
2.3.2.
concept of rights
72
2.3.3.
right to equality, non-discrimination and sexual orientation
76
2.3.4.
Obligations
79
2.3.5.
Derogation in times of emergency
80
2.3.6.
Scope of application
82
2.4.
Implementation
83
2.4.1.
role of national human rights institutions
87
Interview 2.1: Reflections on the work of Uganda's Human Rights Commission (Med. S.K. Kaggwa)
88
2.5.
State responsibility and human rights treaties as self-contained regimes
91
2.6.
Practical application: the role of law reform
93
Interview 2.2: The campaign to repeal Pakistan's Hudood laws (Sohail A. Warraich)
98
Further Reading
101
3.
Human rights in practice
102
3.1.
Introduction
102
3.2.
Civil society
103
3.3.
Social movements
105
3.4.
NGOs
107
3.4.1.
General considerations
107
3.4.2.
Human rights NGOs
109
3.4.3.
Assessing the role of human rights NGOs
111
3.5.
Human rights defenders
116
Case Study 3.1: NGOs and human rights protection in Sudan
119
3.6.
Legal professionals and human rights
121
3.7.
Health professionals and human rights
124
3.8.
Human rights field officers
126
Interview 3.1: Experiences of a UN human rights officer (Hums Shakeb Khan)
127
3.9.
Human rights strategies
130
3.9.1.
Documentation and fact-finding
130
Interview 3.2: Documenting human rights violations in volatile environments: the Libyan experience (Elham Saudi)
134
3.9.2.
Human rights reporting
138
3.9.3.
Monitoring
140
3.9.4.
Advocacy
142
3.9.5.
Awareness-raising, capacity-building and human rights education
145
Case Study 3.2: Responding to serious human rights violations in Darfur, Sudan - strategies, critiques, impact
149
Further Reading
152
4.
United Nations Charter system
154
4.1.
Introduction
154
4.2.
human rights dimension of the charter
156
4.3.
HRC
159
4.3.1.
UPR
164
4.3.2.
HRC's complaints procedure
167
4.4.
Special procedures
170
Interview 4.1: With former UN Special Rapporteur (Cephas Lumina)
173
4.4.1.
Communications
175
4.4.2.
Country visits
176
4.4.3.
Annual reports
177
Case Study 4.1: Reprisals against those collaborating with UN human rights procedures
177
4.5.
UNGA and human rights
179
4.6.
UNSC
180
Case Study 4.2: The UNSC and human rights in North Korea
185
4.6.1.
Fact-finding in practice: the UN mission in the Gaza conflict
187
Further Reading
191
5.
UN human rights treaty system
192
5.1.
Introduction
192
5.2.
Common features of international human rights treaty bodies
194
5.3.
Reporting procedure
198
5.3.1.
Overview
198
Interview 5.1: Using shadow reports to promote gender equality and combat sexual violence: South Africa (Lesley Ann Foster)
202
5.3.2.
Strengthening the reporting procedure
205
5.4.
General comments/recommendations
208
5.5.
Complaints procedures and jurisprudence of treaty bodies
212
5.5.1.
Overview
212
5.5.2.
HRCtee
215
5.5.3.
Breadwinners, social security and discrimination: Zwaan-de Vries v. The Netherlands
218
5.5.4.
CERD
219
5.5.5.
Still facing discrimination: Durmic v. Serbia and Montenegro
220
5.5.6.
CtAT
222
5.5.7.
Rendered defenceless: Agiza v. Sweden
223
5.5.8.
CtEDAW
224
5.5.9.
'We don't believe you': Vertido v. The Philippines
225
5.5.10.
CtRPD
227
5.5.11.
Shortchanged: Nyusti and Taktics v. Hungary
228
5.5.12.
Achievements and challenges
229
Interview 5.2: Working for the CESCR (Eibe Riedel)
231
Further Reading
233
6.
Regional human rights treaty systems
235
6.1.
Introduction
235
6.2.
European human rights system
237
6.2.1.
Overview
237
6.2.2.
ECHR
239
6.2.3.
Key institutions
240
6.2.4.
ECtHR: structure and functions
241
6.2.5.
Jurisprudence of the ECtHR
242
6.2.5.1.
Development of the ECtHR's jurisprudence
242
6.2.5.2.
ECtHR's interpretation of the ECHR
244
6.2.5.3.
Responses to the ECtHR's jurisprudence
246
6.2.6.
Impact
249
Interview 6.1: The nature and impact of litigation concerning Turkey (Dr Bapk tali)
250
Interview 6.2: Nature and impact of litigation concerning Turkey and Russia (Bill Bowring)
253
6.2.7.
struggle for efficiency, effectiveness and institutional reforms
256
6.2.8.
EU
260
6.3.
Inter-American human rights system
262
6.3.1.
Overview
262
6.3.2.
IACHR
264
6.3.3.
IACtHR
266
6.3.4.
Impact
270
Interview 6.3: An intimate experience of the Court as litigant and Senior Staff Attorney (Oswaldo Ruiz-Chiriboga)
271
6.4.
African human rights system
274
6.4.1.
Overview
274
6.4.2.
ACmHPR
277
Case Study 6.1: Modise v. Botswana and the question of nationality rights
280
6.4.3.
Impact
281
6.4.4.
ACtHPR
282
6.4.5.
African regional economic courts
284
Interview 6.4: Making the system work (Ibrahima Kane)
286
6.5.
Towards an Asian human rights system?
290
6.6.
Comparison of regional systems
291
Further Reading
292
7.
Individual complaints procedures
295
7.1.
Introduction
295
7.2.
Admissibility
297
7.2.1.
Jurisdiction
298
7.2.1.1.
Rationae personae: who can bring a complaint?
298
7.2.1.2.
Against whom can a complaint be brought?
300
Case Study 7.1: Protection against the implementation of UN Security Council sanctions: Sayadi and Vinck v. Belgium
302
7.2.1.3.
Rationae materiae: what rights?
303
7.2.1.4.
Jurisdiction in respect of extraterritorial conduct
304
7.2.1.5.
long reach of the ECHR: Al-Skeini v. United Kingdom
306
7.2.1.6.
Rationae temporis: when?
308
7.2.2.
Exhaustion of domestic remedies
310
7.2.2.1.
What remedies must be exhausted?
310
7.2.2.2.
'An affront to common sense and logic': Dawda Jawara v. The Gambia
313
7.2.3.
Other procedural requirements
314
7.2.3.1.
Time limits
314
7.2.3.2.
Duplication
315
7.2.3.3.
Well-foundedness
316
7.2.3.4.
Abuse of rights
316
7.2.3.5.
Anonymity
317
7.3.
Merits
317
7.4.
Decisions by human rights treaty bodies
320
7.5.
Implementation of decisions and judgments
322
Case Study 7.2: Restoring ancestral lands to indigenous peoples - Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v. Nicaragua
326
7.6.
Additional procedural options
327
7.6.1.
Interim measures
327
7.6.2.
Friendly settlements
329
Interview 7.1: Nepal before the Human Rights Committee (Mandira Sharma)
331
7.7.
Hissene Habre case: the interplay between domestic, regional and international proceedings
334
Further Reading
337
8.
Civil and political rights
339
8.1.
Introduction
339
8.2.
right to life
340
8.2.1.
Practice
340
8.2.2.
Sources
342
8.2.3.
prohibition of arbitrary deprivation of life
342
8.2.4.
McCann v. United Kingdom: absolute necessity in the European Court of Human Rights' jurisprudence
343
Case Study 8.1: The killing of Bin Laden and the right to life
344
8.2.5.
death penalty under international law
345
8.2.6.
Positive obligations to protect the right to life
348
8.2.6.1.
Providing protection against threats to life
348
8.2.6.2.
Duty to investigate, prosecute and punish and to provide redress
350
8.2.7.
right to survival?
352
8.3.
right to be free from torture and other ill-treatment
353
8.3.1.
Practice
353
8.3.2.
Sources
355
8.3.3.
absolute prohibition of torture
355
8.3.4.
case of Gafgen and the German torture debate
356
8.3.5.
definition of torture and other forms of ill-treatment and punishment
358
8.3.6.
Obligations
363
Interview 8.1: The role of medical documentation in combating torture: Istanbul Protocol (Dr Onder Ozkalipci)
364
8.4.
right to liberty and security of person
367
8.4.1.
Practice
367
8.4.2.
Sources
368
8.4.3.
Scope of the right to liberty and security
369
8.4.4.
Justification of arrest and detention
369
8.4.5.
Administrative detention: law and power in the pursuit of policy
372
8.5.
right to a fair trial
376
8.5.1.
Practice
376
8.5.2.
Sources
377
8.5.3.
Main features of the right to a fair trial
378
8.5.3.1.
General principles
378
8.5.3.2.
Criminal proceedings
379
Case Study 8.2: The problem with military and special courts
381
8.6.
Enforced disappearance as multiple human rights violation
382
Interview 8.2: Inquiries into enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka (M.C.M. Iqbal)
386
8.7.
Qualified rights, with a particular focus on freedom of expression
390
8.7.1.
Practice
390
8.7.2.
Sources
391
8.7.3.
Freedom of religion vs. freedom of expression
393
8.7.4.
To wear or not to wear: freedom of conscience and religion, the rights of women and the veil
395
Further Reading
397
9.
Economic, social and cultural rights
399
9.1.
Introduction
399
9.2.
Brief historical context of ESC rights
400
9.3.
Progressive realisation and the nature of state obligations
403
9.4.
Resource implications: the obligation to utilise 'maximum available resources'
408
Case Study 9.1: United States budget allocated to primary and secondary education
412
9.5.
Minimum core obligations
413
9.6.
Justiciability of ESC rights
415
9.6.1.
Individual communications and the ICESCR Optional Protocol
419
9.6.2.
ECSR
420
9.7.
Extraterritoriality of ESC rights
422
9.8.
Indicators and benchmarks for measuring compliance
423
Case Study 9.2: Indicators on the right to food
427
9.9.
right to health
428
Interview 9.1: Greek NGO implements the right to health for the socially excluded (Tzanetos Antypas)
430
9.10.
right to water
432
Case Study 9.3: The deprivation of water rights as cruel and inhuman treatment
435
9.11.
right to education
436
9.12.
right to food
439
9.13.
Links between unemployment, debt crises and mental illness
443
Further Reading
446
10.
Group rights: self-determination, minorities and indigenous peoples
448
10.1.
Introduction
448
10.2.
nature of collective rights
449
10.2.1.
External self-determination
451
10.2.2.
Exceptionalism in the external dimension of self-determination
455
10.2.3.
essence of internal self-determination
458
Case Study 10.1: Participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil
460
10.3.
Minorities as a subject of human rights
461
10.3.1.
historical and political context: should minorities be treated differently from majorities?
463
10.3.2.
Membership rights
467
Case Study 10.2: The Malay Bumiputra policy
472
10.4.
Indigenous peoples: is there a need for additional protection?
474
10.4.1.
Indigenous rights over traditional lands
478
10.4.2.
Indigenous land rights in contemporary international law
479
10.4.3.
Indigenous ownership as a right to property
481
10.4.4.
Special considerations in the design of indigenous peoples' development plans within the World Bank
484
10.4.5.
Chad-Cameroon pipeline and the Baka/Bakola: what to look for in social impact assessments
487
Further Reading
490
11.
human rights of women
491
11.1.
Introduction
491
11.2.
Normative framework
493
11.2.1.
Key violations of women's human rights: the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
493
11.2.2.
Critiques of CEDAW
495
11.2.3.
CEDAW, violence against women and reproductive rights
498
11.3.
Conceptual development
509
11.3.1.
development of feminist legal theory and women's human rights
509
11.3.2.
Critiques of liberal and non-discrimination approaches to women's human rights
510
11.3.3.
Critiques of 'Western' feminist approaches to women's human rights
512
11.3.4.
Sex, gender and sexuality
516
11.4.
Women's human rights and domestic contexts: 'honour crimes' in the English legal system
517
11.4.1.
Definitions and concepts of 'honour'
518
11.4.2.
Practical legal approaches to 'honour crimes': culture, gender and mainstreaming
519
11.4.3.
Non-state actors and due diligence: a human rights response?
521
Case Study 11.1: Banaz Mahmod
523
Further Reading
525
12.
Children's rights
526
12.1.
Introduction
526
12.2.
Childhood: a non-static concept
527
12.3.
need for a specialised protection regime
528
12.4.
Fundamental principles
531
12.4.1.
child's best interests
531
12.4.2.
child's right to be heard
532
12.4.3.
Right to life, survival and development
533
12.4.3.1.
Child soldiers
534
12.4.4.
Non-discrimination
537
Case Study 12.1: Discrimination against fathers in custody proceedings: the critical role of neuroscience
538
12.5.
Children's right to be free from poverty
541
Case Study 12.2: Anti-child poverty legislation in the United Kingdom and austerity measures
545
Further Reading
549
13.
right to development, poverty and related rights
550
13.1.
Introduction
550
13.2.
human dimension of development
551
13.3.
RTD
555
13.3.1.
Making the RTD justiciable
559
Case Study 13.1: The International Monetary Fund's structural adjustment programmes
561
13.4.
Global partnerships for the financing of development
562
13.5.
Practical application
567
13.5.1.
Microfinance: breaking the cycle of poverty by small loans to the ultra-poor
567
Case Study 13.2: Grameen microlending: access to credit as a human right
569
Interview 13.1: Microfinance non-governmental organisation (NGO) (Ramanou Nassirou)
571
13.6.
Sovereign debt and the enjoyment of fundamental rights
574
13.6.1.
Accumulation of sovereign debt and its human rights dimension
574
13.6.2.
Odious, illegal and illegitimate debt
578
13.6.3.
Unsustainable debt
581
Case Study 13.3: The Parliamentary Committee on the Truth about the Greek Debt: the artificiality of Greek debt and its odious nature
583
13.7.
right to a corruption-free society
587
13.8.
right to a healthy environment
591
Case Study 13.4: The Minors Oposa case: intergenerational environmental equity/rights
595
Further Reading
596
14.
Victims' rights and reparation
598
14.1.
Introduction
598
14.2.
development of the right to reparation
601
14.3.
right to reparation in international human rights law
602
14.3.1.
Treaties and UN declarations
602
14.3.2.
Practice at the inter-state level
605
14.3.3.
State practice at the national and transnational level
607
14.4.
right to reparation in international humanitarian law
608
14.5.
right to reparation in international criminal law
609
14.6.
right to reparation and violations by non-state actors
611
14.7.
right to reparation for historical injustices and violations
612
14.8.
notion and legal significance of the term 'victim'
614
14.9.
procedural right to an effective remedy
615
14.9.1.
Overview
615
14.9.2.
nexus between civil and criminal proceedings: Rajapakse v. Sri Lanka
617
14.9.3.
right to property, and the choice between investment arbitration and human rights avenues
618
14.10.
substantive right to reparation
620
14.10.1.
State responsibility
620
14.10.2.
Liability
620
14.10.3.
Standard of reparation
620
14.10.4.
Forms of reparation
621
14.10.5.
Restitution
622
14.10.6.
Compensation
623
14.10.7.
Types of damages
623
14.10.8.
Proyecto de vida: Loayza Tamayo v. Peru
625
14.10.9.
Should previous conduct be taken into consideration when awarding compensation?
627
14.10.10.
Rehabilitation
628
14.10.11.
Satisfaction
629
14.10.12.
Guarantees of non-repetition
631
14.10.13.
Reparation for the violation of collective rights: Saramaka People v. Suriname
631
14.10.14.
brief assessment and outlook
632
14.11.
double-edged sword of victims' politics
633
14.12.
Negotiating, litigating and administering reparations: experiences from the Holocaust and World War II reparations
636
14.13.
Reparation in action: litigating human rights cases
638
14.13.1.
Litigation strategies
638
14.13.2.
Pursuing reparation claims, with particular reference to litigating torture cases
640
Interview 14.1: Litigation, advocacy and social change (Basil Fernando)
641
Further Reading
647
15.
application of human rights in armed conflict
649
15.1.
Introduction
649
15.2.
fundamental premises of IHL
650
15.2.1.
Distinction between combatants and non-combatants
650
15.2.2.
Restricted targeting of military objects
652
15.2.3.
Means and methods of warfare are not unlimited
654
15.3.
Rights and obligations in humanitarian law
654
15.4.
Humanitarian law as lex specialis to human rights law
657
15.5.
Why human rights bodies find the application of humanitarian law problematic
659
15.6.
Human rights in situations of military occupation
662
15.6.1.
extraterritorial application of human rights in occupied territories
666
15.6.2.
effective control test
667
15.6.3.
decisive influence test
669
15.7.
relevance of the law to battlefield conditions
670
15.7.1.
Human physiology in combat situations
670
Interview 15.1: Battlefield compliance (Charles Garraway and anon)
674
15.7.2.
dilution of humanitarian law and problems in ensuring compliance
677
Further Reading
681
16.
Human rights and international criminal justice
682
16.1.
Introduction
682
16.2.
Relationship between international criminal law and human rights
683
16.3.
Individual criminal liability under international law
686
Case Study 16.1: International Criminal liability at the Nurnberg Trial
687
16.4.
enforcement of international criminal law
688
16.5.
Universal jurisdiction
692
16.6.
Peace vs. international criminal justice
695
Interview 16.1: Siri Frigaard: Former Chief Public Prosecutor and Director of the Norwegian National Authority for Prosecution of Organised and Other Serious Crime
702
16.7.
Core international crimes
705
16.7.1.
Genocide
706
16.7.2.
Crimes against humanity
709
16.8.
place of immunities in human rights and international criminal justice
711
Further Reading
714
17.
Human rights and counter-terrorism
715
17.1.
Introduction
715
17.2.
legal nature of terrorism
717
17.3.
discussion on underlying or root causes
719
17.4.
obligation of states to protect their populations from terrorism
721
Case Study 17.1: Finogenov and Chernetsova v. Russia: European Court of Human Rights admissibility decision of 18 March 2010
723
17.5.
Human rights in counter-terrorism operations
725
17.5.1.
Anti-terrorist legislation and the principle of legality
727
17.5.2.
Permissible restrictions and derogations arising from terrorist threats
729
17.6.
right to life in counter-terrorism operations
733
17.6.1.
Situations when lethal force is permissible
733
17.6.2.
Targeted killings and 'shoot-to-kill' strategies
735
17.7.
Attempts to justify arbitrary detention
738
17.8.
Unlawful extraditions and illegal renditions of suspected terrorists
742
17.8.1.
Washing one's hands and hiding every trace
742
17.8.2.
From arbitrary detention and unlawful extradition the road to torture is open
745
Case Study 17.2: Al-Rabiah v. USA
748
17.9.
Legal and other strategies regarding disappeared terrorist suspects
750
17.9.1.
potency of advocacy and outreach
750
17.9.2.
Tracing strategies and release arguments
751
17.9.3.
Advocacy strategies
754
17.9.4.
Counter-terrorism: the real testing ground for ergo omnes
756
Interview 17.1: Legal defender of Guantanamo detainees (Clive Stafford Smith)
758
Further Reading
759
18.
Human rights obligations of non-state actors
761
18.1.
Introduction
761
18.2.
status of NSAs in human rights law
762
18.3.
Multinational corporations in the human rights architecture
767
18.3.1.
Human rights obligations of MNCs
771
18.3.2.
Human rights and foreign direct investment
778
Case Study 18.1: Unilateral repudiation of arbitral awards violating constitutional guarantees
782
18.3.3.
Corporate social responsibility
783
18.4.
Human rights obligations of international organisations
785
18.4.1.
General obligations
785
Case Study 18.2: Non-consideration of economic and social rights by the IMF in Tanzania
790
18.4.2.
International organisations as violators of human rights: the need for dual attribution
790
Case Study 18.3: Complicity of states through/with IGOs
796
18.5.
National liberation movements and armed rebel groups
797
18.5.1.
'To Suffer thy Comrades': responding to human rights abuses by NSAs in the Philippines
798
Interview 18.1: Judge and activist on Philippines' armed groups (Soliman M. Santos)
800
Further Reading
804
19.
Globalisation and its impact on human rights
805
19.1.
Introduction
805
19.2.
origins and nature of globalisation
807
19.3.
Does the existing model of trade liberalisation promote development and alleviate poverty?
810
19.3.1.
Liberalisation of agriculture and its impact on food security
815
Case Study 19.1: Liberalisation of Zambia's maize production
817
Interview 19.1: The director of Food First (Eric Holt-Gimenez)
817
19.4.
How intellectual property rights hinder access to essential medicines for the poorest
819
Case Study 19.2: Biopiracy and the mayocoba bean
821
19.5.
protection of persons in flight or movement
822
19.5.1.
protection of refugees in international law
824
19.5.2.
protection of migrants
831
19.6.
McLibel case: sales globalisation and its impact on rights
835
Further Reading
838
Index
840