The law of unmanned aircraft systems : an introduction to the current and future regulation under national, regional and international law / edited by Benjamyn I. Scott.
2016
K4105 .L39 2016 (Map It)
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Title
The law of unmanned aircraft systems : an introduction to the current and future regulation under national, regional and international law / edited by Benjamyn I. Scott.
Published
Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer Law International, [2016]
Call Number
K4105 .L39 2016
ISBN
9789041161260 (hbk. ; alk. paper)
9041161260 (hbk. ; alk. paper)
9041161260 (hbk. ; alk. paper)
Description
xlv, 389 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)956622602
Summary
The Law of Unmanned Aircraft Systems' is a collection of expert essays that provides a comprehensive overview of the areas of air law relevant to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). The acceleration in the development and use of UAS across the world has rapidly spawned a patchwork of regulatory initiatives in the field. It is with the purpose of synthesizing and clarifying this diverse body of international, regional, and national law - and of indicating trends and areas of concern - that this extraordinary collection has been compiled. The authors, working in many different parts of the world, are all in some way affiliated with the International Institute of Air and Space Law at Leiden University as alumni, faculty members or students.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Editor and Contributors
v
Foreword
xxxvii
Preface
xxxix
List of Abbreviations
xli
Acknowledgements
xlv
Part I Introduction
1
ch. 1
Overview
3
Part II International Issues / Benjamyn I. Scott
7
ch. 2
Terminology, Definitions and Classifications / Benjamyn I. Scott
9
2.01.
Introduction / Benjamyn I. Scott
9
2.02.
Aircraft Specific Terms / Benjamyn I. Scott
9
2.03.
Whole System Terms / Benjamyn I. Scott
10
2.04.
Remotely Control or Not / Benjamyn I. Scott
11
2.05.
Aircraft Types / Benjamyn I. Scott
13
2.06.
Conclusions / Benjamyn I. Scott
13
ch. 3
Small and Micro Unmanned Aircraft / Benjamyn I. Scott
15
3.01.
Introduction / Stefan A. Kaiser
15
3.02.
Definition of Small and Micro UA / Stefan A. Kaiser
16
3.03.
Why Regulate Small and Micro UA? / Stefan A. Kaiser
17
3.04.
Flight Vehicle / Stefan A. Kaiser
18
3.05.
Operations / Stefan A. Kaiser
19
3.06.
Pilot Qualification and Competency / Stefan A. Kaiser
21
3.07.
Liability and Insurance / Stefan A. Kaiser
22
3.08.
Payload / Stefan A. Kaiser
22
3.09.
Compliance and Enforcement / Stefan A. Kaiser
23
3.10.
Conclusions / Stefan A. Kaiser
23
ch. 4
Applicability of the Public International Air Law Regime to the Operation of UAS / Stefan A. Kaiser
25
4.01.
Introduction / Fernando Fiallos
25
4.02.
Foundations of the International Regulatory Framework Pertaining to UAS / Fernando Fiallos
26
A.
Paris Convention 1919 and Its Protocol 1929 / Fernando Fiallos
26
B.
Chicago Convention 1944 / Fernando Fiallos
27
4.03.
Work of ICAO / Fernando Fiallos
29
4.04.
Aircraft Legal Regime and Its Applicability to UAS / Fernando Fiallos
30
4.05.
Pilotless Clause / Fernando Fiallos
31
4.06.
Rules of the Air / Fernando Fiallos
34
4.07.
Documents Carried in Aircraft / Fernando Fiallos
35
4.08.
Certificate of Airworthiness / Fernando Fiallos
35
4.09.
Licensing of Personnel / Fernando Fiallos
36
4.10.
Recognition of Certificates and Licenses / Fernando Fiallos
36
4.11.
Concluding Remarks / Fernando Fiallos
37
ch. 5
Civil Liability Issues in International Transport / Fernando Fiallos
39
5.01.
Introduction / Charlotte Thijssen
39
5.02.
Contractual Liability / Charlotte Thijssen
40
A.
Montreal Convention on the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air 1999 / Charlotte Thijssen
40
1.
Passenger Transport / Charlotte Thijssen
41
2.
Cargo / Charlotte Thijssen
43
3.
Suitable Liability Limits / Charlotte Thijssen
44
4.
Insurance / Charlotte Thijssen
44
5.
Conclusions / Charlotte Thijssen
45
5.03.
Liability towards Third Parties / Charlotte Thijssen
45
A.
Rome Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface 1953 / Charlotte Thijssen
46
B.
Inflight Collision and Interference with Commercial Air Transport / Charlotte Thijssen
46
C.
Ground-Based Liability / Charlotte Thijssen
47
D.
Future Regime? / Charlotte Thijssen
48
5.04.
General Tort Law / Charlotte Thijssen
49
5.05.
Product Liability / Charlotte Thijssen
49
5.06.
Other Potential Bases for Liability: Human Rights / Charlotte Thijssen
50
5.07.
Conclusions / Charlotte Thijssen
50
ch. 6
Privacy / Charlotte Thijssen
53
6.01.
Introduction / Merinda E. Stewart
53
6.02.
Government Searches under the US Fourth Amendment / Merinda E. Stewart
54
A.
Search within the Meaning of the Fourth Amendment: Jones or Katz? / Merinda E. Stewart
55
B.
Nature of and Altitude from Which the Observation Is Conducted / Merinda E. Stewart
56
C.
Complexity of the Device / Merinda E. Stewart
56
6.03.
Respect for Private Life in the European Union / Merinda E. Stewart
57
6.04.
European Union Data Protection Framework / Merinda E. Stewart
58
A.
Directive 95/46/EC / Merinda E. Stewart
58
B.
General Data Protection Regulation / Merinda E. Stewart
60
C.
Framework Decision 2008/977/EC / Merinda E. Stewart
61
6.05.
Protection of Privacy through Non-Privacy Laws / Merinda E. Stewart
61
A.
Aviation Safety Regulations / Merinda E. Stewart
61
B.
Tort Law: Trespass and Private Nuisance / Merinda E. Stewart
62
6.06.
Freedom of Speech: Achieving a Balance / Merinda E. Stewart
63
6.07.
Conclusions / Merinda E. Stewart
65
ch. 7
Cyber Security / Merinda E. Stewart
67
7.01.
Introduction / Deepika Jeyakodi
67
7.02.
Cyber Vulnerability / Deepika Jeyakodi
68
7.03.
Legal and Regulatory Framework for Aviation Cyber Security / Deepika Jeyakodi
70
A.
International Civil Aviation Organization / Deepika Jeyakodi
70
B.
International and Regional Organisations / Deepika Jeyakodi
72
C.
National Efforts / Deepika Jeyakodi
73
D.
Guidelines and Good Practices / Deepika Jeyakodi
73
E.
Other / Deepika Jeyakodi
74
7.04.
Suggestions / Deepika Jeyakodi
75
7.05.
Conclusions / Deepika Jeyakodi
76
ch. 8
Criminal Liability / Deepika Jeyakodi
79
8.01.
Introduction / Yasmin Bhatti
79
8.02.
General Principles of Public International Law / Yasmin Bhatti
79
A.
Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and Ne Bis in Idem / Yasmin Bhatti
79
B.
Jurisdiction and Extradition / Yasmin Bhatti
80
8.03.
Aviation Specific Conventions and Their Applicability to UAS / Yasmin Bhatti
81
A.
Applicable to Aircraft / Yasmin Bhatti
81
B.
Conventions That Do Not Apply to UAS: Tokyo (1963) and The Hague Convention (1971) / Yasmin Bhatti
81
C.
Convention That Applies to UAS: Montreal Convention 1971 / Yasmin Bhatti
82
D.
Convention That Could Apply, but Has Not Yet Entered into Force: Beijing Convention / Yasmin Bhatti
85
8.04.
Criminal Law Aspects at a National Level / Yasmin Bhatti
86
8.05.
Conclusions / Yasmin Bhatti
87
ch. 9
Aspects of Insurance for Unmanned Aircraft Systems / Yasmin Bhatti
89
9.01.
Introduction and Context / Nicholas Medniuk
89
9.02.
Terminology and Definitions / Nicholas Medniuk
90
A.
Insurance / Nicholas Medniuk
90
B.
UAS / Nicholas Medniuk
91
9.03.
UAS Regulation and Roadmap / Nicholas Medniuk
91
9.04.
Insurance Market and Conflict of Laws / Nicholas Medniuk
92
9.05.
Compulsory Insurance / Nicholas Medniuk
94
9.06.
Underwriting Considerations / Nicholas Medniuk
95
9.07.
Insurance Contract / Nicholas Medniuk
97
A.
Hull Cover / Nicholas Medniuk
98
B.
Third Party Legal liability / Nicholas Medniuk
99
C.
Exclusions, Conditions and Warranties / Nicholas Medniuk
100
1.
Exclusions / Nicholas Medniuk
100
2.
Conditions and Warranties / Nicholas Medniuk
102
9.08.
Concluding Note / Nicholas Medniuk
103
Part III Regional Developments / Nicholas Medniuk
105
ch. 10
Small Drones in Europe: Business as Usual? / Nicholas Medniuk
107
10.01.
Introduction / Roderick D. van Dam
107
10.02.
Overview of Current Discussions in Europe / Roderick D. van Dam
108
10.03.
Small Drones Business / Roderick D. van Dam
110
10.04.
Safety First / Roderick D. van Dam
113
10.05.
Risk Assessment / Roderick D. van Dam
116
10.06.
Protection and Privacy / Roderick D. van Dam
117
10.07.
Trends and Issues / Roderick D. van Dam
120
ch. 11
European Union and Civil Drones: The Riga Declaration and the Future of the European RPAS Industry / Roderick D. van Dam
123
11.01.
Introduction / Vincent Correia Noura Rouissi
123
11.02.
Need for EU-Wide Rules on RPAS / Vincent Correia Noura Rouissi
126
11.03.
Safety and Security Concerns / Vincent Correia Noura Rouissi
128
11.04.
Challenges Linked to Data Protection and Privacy / Vincent Correia Noura Rouissi
132
11.05.
Conclusions / Vincent Correia Noura Rouissi
134
ch. 12
European Aviation Safety Agency / Vincent Correia Noura Rouissi
135
12.01.
Introduction / Gustavo Boccardo
135
12.02.
Agency's Current Competences / Gustavo Boccardo
136
12.03.
Need to Amend the Basic Regulation / Gustavo Boccardo
137
12.04.
Agency and the Basic Regulation / Gustavo Boccardo
139
12.05.
Agency's International Harmonisation Efforts / Gustavo Boccardo
142
12.06.
Amending the Basic Regulation / Gustavo Boccardo
143
A.
Riga Declaration / Gustavo Boccardo
143
B.
Concept of Operations of Drones / Gustavo Boccardo
145
C.
Advanced Notice of Proposed Amendment / Gustavo Boccardo
145
D.
Technical Opinion and Amendment Proposal to the Basic Regulation / Gustavo Boccardo
148
12.07.
Conclusions / Gustavo Boccardo
151
ch. 13
Overview of the ASEAN and Its UAS Regulation: The Uneven Road of Harmonisation / Gustavo Boccardo
153
13.01.
Introduction to ASEAN / Anggia Rukmasari
153
13.02.
Snapshot of UAS Regulation in ASEAN Member States / Anggia Rukmasari
155
A.
Thailand / Anggia Rukmasari
156
B.
Singapore / Anggia Rukmasari
156
C.
Indonesia / Anggia Rukmasari
157
D.
Philippines / Anggia Rukmasari
158
E.
Malaysia / Anggia Rukmasari
158
F.
Vietnam / Anggia Rukmasari
159
G.
Remaining Member States / Anggia Rukmasari
159
13.03.
UAS Regulation Harmonisation in ASEAN / Anggia Rukmasari
159
13.04.
Conclusion / Anggia Rukmasari
160
Part IV National Law / Anggia Rukmasari
161
ch. 14
Antarctica / Anggia Rukmasari
163
14.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Benjamyn I. Scott
163
14.02.
Case Law / Benjamyn I. Scott
165
14.03.
Applications / Benjamyn I. Scott
165
A.
Civil Applications / Benjamyn I. Scott
165
B.
State Applications / Benjamyn I. Scott
165
14.04.
Conclusions / Benjamyn I. Scott
166
ch. 15
Australia / Benjamyn I. Scott
167
15.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Merinda E. Stewart
167
A.
Introduction / Merinda E. Stewart
167
B.
Current Law / Merinda E. Stewart
168
15.02.
Case Law / Merinda E. Stewart
170
15.03.
Applications / Merinda E. Stewart
171
A.
Civil Applications / Merinda E. Stewart
171
B.
State Applications / Merinda E. Stewart
172
15.04.
Points of Interest / Merinda E. Stewart
173
A.
Proposed Reforms / Merinda E. Stewart
173
B.
Third Party Liability / Merinda E. Stewart
174
15.05.
Conclusions / Merinda E. Stewart
175
ch. 16
Austria / Merinda E. Stewart
177
16.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Florian Wallner
177
A.
Implementation: Airworthiness and Operational Notice(s) / Florian Wallner
177
B.
Classification of UAS / Florian Wallner
178
1.
Model Aircraft / Florian Wallner
178
2.
79 Joule Rule / Florian Wallner
179
3.
Unmanned Aircraft Class 1 / Florian Wallner
180
4.
Unmanned Aircraft Class 2 / Florian Wallner
181
16.02.
Case Law / Florian Wallner
181
16.03.
Applications / Florian Wallner
182
A.
Civil Applications / Florian Wallner
182
B.
State Applications / Florian Wallner
182
16.04.
Other Points of Interest / Florian Wallner
183
A.
Costs and Procedure / Florian Wallner
183
B.
Infringements / Florian Wallner
183
16.05.
Conclusions / Florian Wallner
184
ch. 17
Belgium / Florian Wallner
187
17.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Yasmin Bhatn
187
A.
Air Law / Yasmin Bhatn
187
B.
Proposed Royal Decree / Yasmin Bhatn
188
1.
Applicability / Yasmin Bhatn
188
2.
Requirements regarding the UAS / Yasmin Bhatn
189
3.
Operational Requirements / Yasmin Bhatn
189
4.
Requirements for the Pilot / Yasmin Bhatn
190
5.
Rules of the Air / Yasmin Bhatn
191
17.02.
Case Law / Yasmin Bhatn
192
17.03.
Applications / Yasmin Bhatn
192
A.
Civil Application / Yasmin Bhatn
192
B.
State Application / Yasmin Bhatn
192
17.04.
Conclusions / Yasmin Bhatn
192
ch. 18
Brazil / Yasmin Bhatn
193
18.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Giselle Deiró
193
18.02.
Case Law / Giselle Deiró
194
18.03.
Applications / Giselle Deiró
194
A.
Civil Applications / Giselle Deiró
194
B.
State Applications / Giselle Deiró
195
18.04.
Other Points of Interest / Giselle Deiró
195
18.05.
Conclusions / Giselle Deiró
196
ch. 19
Canada / Giselle Deiró
197
19.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Patrick Vermette
197
A.
Canada's Aviation Code / Patrick Vermette
197
B.
Application to UAS / Patrick Vermette
197
C.
Specific Regulations Applying to UAS / Patrick Vermette
198
19.02.
Case Law / Patrick Vermette
201
19.03.
Applications / Patrick Vermette
201
A.
Civil Applications / Patrick Vermette
201
B.
State Applications / Patrick Vermette
202
19.04.
Conclusions / Patrick Vermette
202
ch. 20
Colombia / Patrick Vermette
205
20.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
205
A.
Aviation Code of the State / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
205
B.
Application to UAS / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
205
C.
Specific Regulations Applying to UAS / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
206
20.02.
Case Law / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
207
20.03.
Applications / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
207
A.
Civil Applications / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
207
B.
State Applications / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
207
20.04.
Conclusions / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
208
ch. 21
China / José Ignacio Garcia-Arboleda
209
21.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Pai Zheng
209
A.
Introduction / Pai Zheng
209
B.
Airspace Management / Pai Zheng
211
C.
Certification and License Management of UAS Pilots / Pai Zheng
212
D.
Civil Liability / Pai Zheng
213
E.
Administrative Penalty / Pai Zheng
213
F.
Criminal Responsibility / Pai Zheng
214
21.02.
Case Law / Pai Zheng
214
A.
Incidents / Pai Zheng
214
B.
Criminal Offences / Pai Zheng
215
21.03.
Applications / Pai Zheng
215
A.
Civil Applications / Pai Zheng
215
B.
State Applications / Pai Zheng
216
21.04.
Other Points of Interest / Pai Zheng
216
A.
Additional Relevant Rules / Pai Zheng
216
B.
Draft Provisions of Low-Altitude Airspace Management / Pai Zheng
216
21.05.
Conclusions / Pai Zheng
217
ch. 22
Cyprus / Pai Zheng
219
22.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
219
A.
Historical Considerations / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
219
B.
Current Law / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
220
1.
Less That 2 kg and under 30 m / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
220
2.
Approved Aeromodelling Sites / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
221
3.
Other / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
222
4.
Aerial Photography / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
222
22.02.
Case Law / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
223
22.03.
Applications / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
223
A.
Civil Applications / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
223
B.
State Applications / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
224
22.04.
Conclusions / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
224
ch. 23
France / Chrystel Erotokritou Sofia Michaelides-Mateou
225
23.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Thomas Leclerc
226
23.02.
Case Law / Thomas Leclerc
230
23.03.
Applications / Thomas Leclerc
231
A.
Civil Applications / Thomas Leclerc
231
B.
State Applications / Thomas Leclerc
232
23.04.
Other Point of Interest: Aerial Photography and Videos Using UAS / Thomas Leclerc
232
23.05.
Conclusions: What Has Changed since 2016 / Thomas Leclerc
233
ch. 24
Germany / Thomas Leclerc
237
24.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Katja Helen Brecke
237
24.02.
Case Law / Katja Helen Brecke
239
24.03.
Applications / Katja Helen Brecke
239
A.
Civil Applications / Katja Helen Brecke
239
B.
State Applications / Katja Helen Brecke
240
24.04.
Other Points of Interest / Katja Helen Brecke
241
24.05.
Conclusions / Katja Helen Brecke
241
ch. 25
India / Katja Helen Brecke
243
25.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Nitin Sarin
243
A.
Aviation Code of India / Nitin Sarin
243
B.
Application of the Aviation Code to UAS / Nitin Sarin
244
C.
Specific Regulations Applying to UAS / Nitin Sarin
244
25.02.
Case Law / Nitin Sarin
245
25.03.
Applications / Nitin Sarin
245
A.
Civil Applications / Nitin Sarin
245
B.
State Applications / Nitin Sarin
246
25.04.
Conclusions / Nitin Sarin
246
ch. 26
Indonesia / Nitin Sarin
247
26.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Anggia Rukmasari
247
26.02.
Case Law / Anggia Rukmasari
249
26.03.
Applications / Anggia Rukmasari
249
A.
Civil Applications / Anggia Rukmasari
249
B.
State Applications / Anggia Rukmasari
249
26.04.
Conclusions / Anggia Rukmasari
249
ch. 27
Italy / Anggia Rukmasari
251
27.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Federico Bergamasco
251
A.
Purpose and Scope of Application / Federico Bergamasco
251
B.
Classification of the RPAV / Federico Bergamasco
252
C.
RPAS / Federico Bergamasco
252
D.
Third Party Liability / Federico Bergamasco
253
E.
Model Aircraft / Federico Bergamasco
253
F.
Sanctions / Federico Bergamasco
254
G.
Military RPAV / Federico Bergamasco
254
27.02.
Case Law / Federico Bergamasco
255
27.03.
Applications / Federico Bergamasco
255
A.
Civil Applications / Federico Bergamasco
255
B.
State Applications / Federico Bergamasco
255
27.04.
Other Points of Interest / Federico Bergamasco
255
27.05.
Conclusions / Federico Bergamasco
256
ch. 28
Japan / Federico Bergamasco
257
28.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Momoyo Kinase
257
28.02.
Case Law / Momoyo Kinase
260
28.03.
Applications / Momoyo Kinase
260
A.
Civil Applications / Momoyo Kinase
260
B.
State Applications / Momoyo Kinase
261
28.04.
Other Points of Interest / Momoyo Kinase
261
28.05.
Conclusions / Momoyo Kinase
262
ch. 29
Mexico / Momoyo Kinase
263
29.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Yshya de la Peña
263
A.
Mexican Civil Aviation Act / Yshya de la Peña
263
B.
Mexican Civil Aviation Act Rules / Yshya de la Peña
264
C.
Specific Regulations Applying to UAS / Yshya de la Peña
264
29.02.
Case Law / Yshya de la Peña
265
29.03.
Applications / Yshya de la Peña
265
A.
Civil Applications / Yshya de la Peña
265
B.
State Applications / Yshya de la Peña
266
29.04.
Conclusions / Yshya de la Peña
266
ch. 30
Netherlands / Yshya de la Peña
267
30.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Wouter Oude Alink
267
A.
Situation before 1 July 2015 / Wouter Oude Alink
267
1.
Recreational Use / Wouter Oude Alink
267
2.
Professional Use / Wouter Oude Alink
268
B.
New Rules for the Professional Use of UAS per 1 July 2015 / Wouter Oude Alink
268
C.
Future? / Wouter Oude Alink
269
30.02.
Case Law / Wouter Oude Alink
270
30.03.
Applications / Wouter Oude Alink
270
A.
Civil Applications / Wouter Oude Alink
270
B.
State Applications / Wouter Oude Alink
271
30.04.
Other Points of Interest / Wouter Oude Alink
271
A.
Privacy Issues under Dutch Law / Wouter Oude Alink
271
B.
Third Party Liability / Wouter Oude Alink
271
30.05.
Conclusions / Wouter Oude Alink
271
ch. 31
Portugal / Wouter Oude Alink
273
31.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Maria José Viegas
273
31.02.
Case Law / Maria José Viegas
275
31.03.
Applications / Maria José Viegas
276
A.
Civil Applications / Maria José Viegas
276
B.
State Applications / Maria José Viegas
276
31.04.
Conclusions / Maria José Viegas
276
ch. 32
Republic of Korea / Maria José Viegas
277
32.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Nicole Oh
277
A.
Aviation Act of the Republic of Korea / Nicole Oh
277
B.
Application to UAS / Nicole Oh
278
32.02.
Case Law / Nicole Oh
280
32.03.
Applications / Nicole Oh
280
A.
Civil Applications / Nicole Oh
280
B.
State Applications / Nicole Oh
281
32.04.
Conclusions / Nicole Oh
281
ch. 33
Romania / Nicole Oh
283
33.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
283
A.
Introduction / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
283
B.
Romanian Civil Aviation Code / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
283
C.
CAA Proposal RACR-RPAS / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
284
1.
Background / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
284
2.
Scope / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
285
3.
Certification and Licensing / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
285
4.
Liability / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
286
5.
Current Status / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
286
33.02.
Case Law / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
287
33.03.
Applications / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
289
A.
Civil Applications / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
289
B.
State Applications / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
289
33.04.
Conclusions / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
290
ch. 34
Russian Federation / Iulia-Diana Galeriu
291
34.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Alexander Batalov
291
A.
Development of Legal Framework / Alexander Batalov
291
B.
New Amendments to the Russian Air Code / Alexander Batalov
292
34.02.
Case Law / Alexander Batalov
293
34.03.
Applications / Alexander Batalov
294
A.
Civil Applications / Alexander Batalov
294
B.
State Applications / Alexander Batalov
294
34.04.
Conclusions / Alexander Batalov
295
ch. 35
Slovenia / Alexander Batalov
297
35.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
297
35.02.
Case Law / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
298
35.03.
Applications / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
299
A.
Civil Applications / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
299
B.
State Applications / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
299
35.04.
Other Points of Interest / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
299
35.05.
Conclusions / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
300
ch. 36
South Africa / Alexander Uro[š] Ko[š]enina
301
36.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Thomas Lawrenson
302
A.
Application / Thomas Lawrenson
302
B.
Private Operators / Thomas Lawrenson
303
C.
Commercial, Corporate and Non-profit Operations / Thomas Lawrenson
304
D.
Commercial Operators / Thomas Lawrenson
305
E.
Operations / Thomas Lawrenson
307
36.02.
Case Law / Thomas Lawrenson
307
36.03.
Applications / Thomas Lawrenson
307
A.
Civil Applications / Thomas Lawrenson
307
B.
State Applications / Thomas Lawrenson
308
36.04.
Conclusions / Thomas Lawrenson
308
ch. 37
Suriname / Thomas Lawrenson
309
37.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Clifford Themen
309
A.
Aviation Code of the State / Clifford Themen
309
B.
Application to UAS / Clifford Themen
309
C.
Specific Regulations Applying to UAS / Clifford Themen
311
37.02.
Case Law / Clifford Themen
312
37.03.
Applications / Clifford Themen
312
A.
Civil Application / Clifford Themen
312
B.
State Applications / Clifford Themen
312
37.04.
Conclusions / Clifford Themen
312
ch. 38
Switzerland and Liechtenstein / Clifford Themen
315
38.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Florian Wallner
315
A.
Application of Swiss UAS Legislation to the Principality of Liechtenstein / Florian Wallner
315
B.
Swiss Aviation Code / Florian Wallner
316
1.
Aviation Code's Implementation / Florian Wallner
316
C.
FOCA Permits / Florian Wallner
318
D.
Military UAS / Florian Wallner
318
38.02.
Case Law / Florian Wallner
319
38.03.
Applications / Florian Wallner
319
A.
Civil Applications / Florian Wallner
319
B.
State Applications / Florian Wallner
320
38.04.
Other Points of Interest / Florian Wallner
320
38.05.
Conclusions / Florian Wallner
321
ch. 39
Turkey / Florian Wallner
323
39.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Resat Volkan Gunel
323
A.
General View of Turkish Aviation Law / Resat Volkan Gunel
323
B.
Specific Regulations Applying to UAS / Resat Volkan Gunel
324
1.
Classification / Resat Volkan Gunel
325
2.
Compulsory Equipment / Resat Volkan Gunel
325
3.
Airworthiness / Resat Volkan Gunel
325
4.
Liability and Insurance / Resat Volkan Gunel
325
5.
Registration / Resat Volkan Gunel
326
6.
Requirements of Flight Permit / Resat Volkan Gunel
326
7.
No-Fly Zones / Resat Volkan Gunel
326
8.
Unauthorised Operations / Resat Volkan Gunel
327
39.02.
Case Law / Resat Volkan Gunel
327
39.03.
Applications / Resat Volkan Gunel
328
A.
Civil Applications / Resat Volkan Gunel
328
B.
State Applications / Resat Volkan Gunel
329
39.04.
Conclusions / Resat Volkan Gunel
329
ch. 40
United Kingdom / Resat Volkan Gunel
331
40.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Benjamyn I. Scott
331
40.02.
Case Law / Benjamyn I. Scott
333
A.
Nuclear Testing Facility Case / Benjamyn I. Scott
333
B.
Alton Towers Case / Benjamyn I. Scott
334
C.
Football Stadiums and London Landmarks Case / Benjamyn I. Scott
334
40.03.
Applications / Benjamyn I. Scott
335
A.
Civil Applications / Benjamyn I. Scott
335
B.
State Applications / Benjamyn I. Scott
337
40.04.
Additional Comments / Benjamyn I. Scott
338
A.
Heathrow / Benjamyn I. Scott
338
B.
Prison / Benjamyn I. Scott
339
40.05.
Conclusions / Benjamyn I. Scott
339
ch. 41
United States / Benjamyn I. Scott
341
41.01.
Current Aviation and Other Laws Relevant for the Operation of UAS / Fernando Fiallos
341
A.
Authorities and Jurisdiction / Fernando Fiallos
342
B.
Regulatory Regime on Civil UAS / Fernando Fiallos
344
1.
Exception under Section 333 / Fernando Fiallos
345
2.
Special Airworthiness Certification (SAC) / Fernando Fiallos
347
C.
Model Aircraft / Fernando Fiallos
349
D.
Law Enforcement on Civil UAS / Fernando Fiallos
350
E.
Aircraft Registration / Fernando Fiallos
352
F.
Proposed Rules / Fernando Fiallos
353
41.02.
Case Law / Fernando Fiallos
357
41.03.
Applications / Fernando Fiallos
358
A.
Civil Applications / Fernando Fiallos
358
B.
State Applications / Fernando Fiallos
359
41.04.
Conclusions / Fernando Fiallos
359
Part V Conclusions / Fernando Fiallos
361
ch. 42
Concluding Remarks / Fernando Fiallos
363
42.01.
Introduction / Benjamyn I. Scott
363
42.02.
International Issues / Benjamyn I. Scott
364
42.03.
Regional Developments / Benjamyn I. Scott
364
42.04.
National Law / Benjamyn I. Scott
365
42.05.
Broader Issues / Benjamyn I. Scott
366
42.06.
Next Steps / Benjamyn I. Scott
366
Appendices / Benjamyn I. Scott
369
Appendix I Types of Aircraft / Benjamyn I. Scott
371
Appendix II Characteristics Table / Benjamyn I. Scott
373
Index / Benjamyn I. Scott
375