Summary
Key Recommendations: To the Pakistani Government
To the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
To the Humanitarian Country Teams in Afghanistan and Pakistan
To Donor Governments, including European Union Member States, Providing Support to Pakistan
To European Union Member States
Methodology
I. Background: Pakistan's Refugee-Hosting History: Pakistani Police Abuses in 2015
II. Pakistan's Mass Refoulement of Afghan Refugees: International Law Prohibiting Forced Return to Harm
Coercive Factors Driving Out Afghan Refugees: Police Extortion, Arbitrary Detention and Destruction of Refugee Cards
Increasingly Insecure Legal Status and Deportation Threats
Police Raids
Closure of Afghan Refugee Schools and Exclusion of Afghan Refugee Children from Pakistani Schools
Police Theft and Unlawful Use of Force
Other Factors Driving Out Afghans: Cash Grant
Hostility from Pakistani Communities
Government Announcements Directing Pakistanis Not to Rent to Afghans and Increased Rent
Afghan Officials Promising Land for Returnees
New Regulations Governing Afghans' Cross-Border Movements
Relatives Leaving
III. Forced Return of Refugees among Undocumented Afghans in Pakistan: Undocumented Afghans in Pakistan
Undocumented Afghans Returning to Afghanistan after June 2016
Likely Refugees among Undocumented Afghans Unable to Obtain Protection
IV. UNHCR's Response to Pakistan's Mass Refoulement: Supporting the Voluntary Repatriation of Afghan Refugees from Pakistan
UNHCR's Response to Decreasing Refugee Return
Doubling the Cash Grant to Returning Refugees
UNHCR's Complicity in Mass Forced Refugee Return in the Second Half of 2016: UNHCR Rules on Voluntary Return
UNHCR's Failure to Criticize Pakistan's Coerced Refugee Return
UNHCR's Promotion of Involuntary Refugee Return
Failure of Humanitarian Country Teams and Other UN Agencies to Criticize Pakistan
Risk of Further UNHCR Complicity in Refoulement in 2017
V. The Situation Returnees Face in Afghanistan: Returning Refugees Becoming Internally Displaced Persons
Humanitarian Response to Needs of Returnees
VI. The European Union's Response to the Afghan Refugee Crisis: Increasing Rejection of Afghan Asylum Seekers
Plans to Increase Deportations of Rejected Asylum Seekers
Risk of Increased Deportations Fueling Instability
VII. Detailed Recommendations: To the Pakistani Government
To the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
To the Humanitarian Country Teams in Afghanistan and Pakistan
To Donor Governments, including EU Member States, Providing Support to Pakistan
To European Union Member States
Acknowledgements.