Homo juridicus : culture as a normative order / Isaak I. Dore, Professor of Law, St. Louis University School of Law, visiting Professor, Université de Toulouse Capitole Faculté de Droit, France.
2016
K487.A57 D67 2016 (Map It)
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Title
Homo juridicus : culture as a normative order / Isaak I. Dore, Professor of Law, St. Louis University School of Law, visiting Professor, Université de Toulouse Capitole Faculté de Droit, France.
Published
Durham, North Carolina : Carolina Academic Press, [2016]
Call Number
K487.A57 D67 2016
ISBN
9781611636970 (hardback)
1611636973 (hardback)
1611636973 (hardback)
Description
xxiii, 568 pages ; 27 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)944408766
Summary
Homo Juridicus focuses on the normative foundations underlying all socio-cultural formations. The book uses the concept of "normativity" in an inclusive sense. It includes law, but it is not limited to it. As such, it explores the various social and cultural forces that persuade, incite, seduce, influence, direct, restrain, repress or control behavior. It is a major interdisciplinary study cutting across several disciplines of social science, such as law, anthropology, sociology, psychology, linguistics and philosophy.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Copyright Acknowledgments and Permissions
xiii
Acknowledgments
xvii
Prologue: The Metaphysics of Culture
xix
ch. 1
Cultural Normativity in Evolutionary Context
3
Classical Evolutionism
4
Spencer: Social Structure and Evolution
5
Legal and Social Differentiation
10
Conclusion
16
Tylor: Comparative Cross-Cultural Ethnography
16
Tylor's Grand Project of Ethnography
17
Law and Morality in Evolutionary Context
23
Conclusion
29
Morgan: Classifications of Unilinear Anthropology
31
Linkage of Normative Structure and Economic Progress
31
Morgan's Classifications for a Unilinear Evolutionary Trajectory
34
Evolution of Government and Law in Morgan's Classifications
40
Conclusion
42
ch. 2
Cultural Normativity in Relativist Context
47
Boasian School
47
Boas: Historicism, Particularism, and Ethnographic Research
47
Methodological Critique
47
Refutation of the Evolutionary Model
54
Particularism in Law and Morality
59
Wissler: Culture Area and Universals
61
Normative Uniformities in Culture: The Universal Pattern
67
Law as a Universal Pattern
70
Institution of Marriage
73
Cultural Particularism as a Bridge to Tolerance and Peace
76
Kroeber: Culture as a "Superorganic" Phenomenon
79
Assimilative, Composite, and Autonomous Qualities of Culture
85
Kroeber's Improved Definition of Culture
92
Conclusion
94
Sapir: Linguistics and Anthropology
94
Linguistics as a Science of Cultural Normativity
95
Unconscious Patterning of Behavior: Implications for Law
99
Role of the Individual and Personality in Culture: The Controversy between Sapir and Kroeber
106
Benedict: Cultural Integration and Configurationalism
113
Benedict's Methodology
113
Identification of Normative Patterns: Three Case Studies
117
Nietzsche's Prototypes
118
Prototypes in Patterns of Culture
119
Conclusion
121
Benedict on Law and Culture
123
Conclusion
125
Mead: Culture and Personality
125
Normative Conditioning in Adolescence: Samoa
126
Social Misfits, Delinquency, and Law in Samoa
130
Conclusion
132
Standardization of Sex Temperament in Primitive Society: Three Cases Studies
133
ch. 3
Structural Functionalism and Normativity
137
Durkheim: Social Solidarity and the Collective Consciousness
138
Social Solidarity and Social Determinism in Evolutionary Context
139
Society and Law
143
Law, Social Solidarity, and Morality
148
Functionalist Method
152
Suicide: A Case Study in Functional Methodology
158
Functional Methodology and Cultural/Social Determinism
162
Conclusion
168
Malinowski: Functionalism and Culture Studies
170
Malinowski's Functional Methodology
171
Functional Study of Sociocultural Institutions
174
Basic Human Needs and Their Cultural Imperatives
178
Applied Functionalism: Case Studies in Magic
184
Functionalism and Fieldwork
186
Functionalism and Law
193
Contrast with Durkheim
196
Malinowski, Boas, and Durkheim: Some General Conclusions
198
Radcliffe-Brown: Functionalism and Social Structure
200
Early Durkheimian Influences
201
Concept of Structure
206
Structural-Functional Methodology of Radcliffe-Brown
208
Structure, Function, and the "Laws" of Sociology
210
Case Studies in Applied Structural-Functionalism
212
Function of Ceremony among the Andamanese
212
Function of Legends among the Andamanese
214
Physiology of the Economic System
218
Physiology of Law
219
Physiology of Primitive Law
224
Physiology of Justice as a Universal Principle
228
ch. 4
Cultural Marxism and Normativity
231
Basic Tenets of Marxist Political Philosophy
231
Marx's Radical Anthropology
236
Materialist Anthropology of Evolution: Marx and Morgan
237
Marx on Evolution
241
Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism in Evolutionary Context
246
Transition from Capitalism to Communism in Evolutionary Context
248
Radical Anthropology of Friedrich Engels
251
Introduction to Engels's Historicism
251
Engels on the Origin of the Family
252
Introduction
252
Evolution of the Family and the Changing Status of Women
253
Women and the Law
256
Conclusion
259
Engels on the Origin of the State and Law
260
Historical Materialism and Law
265
Introduction
265
Importance of Property and Law
265
New Division of Labor: Emergence of the Professional Jurist
268
Revolutions Are Not Made by Law
271
Base-Superstructure Relationship: A Crude Instrumentalism?
272
Conclusion
276
Back to the Future: Marxism Today
277
Structural Marxism
277
Introduction
277
Basic Tenets of Structural Marxism
278
Reconfiguring Marx's Inversion of the Hegelian Dialectic
279
Structural Marxism and Anthropology
282
Structural Marxism and Precapitalist Societies: Case Studies
287
Conclusion
290
Contemporary Cultural Marxism
292
Introduction
292
Material Foundation of Sensuous Consciousness
292
Diagnosing Social Ills through the Prism of Class Struggle
296
Law of Historical Inevitability Displaced by the Law of Historical Necessity
298
ch. 5
Neo-Marxist Cultural Materialism and Normativity
301
Leslie White: Cultural Evolution and Technology
301
Technoenvironmental Basis for White's Basic Law of Cultural Evolution
302
Ambiguities and Contradictions in White's Thought
307
Julian Steward: Cultural Ecology and Multilinear Evolution
310
Introduction and Critique of Unilinear Evolutionism
310
Multilinear Evolution
312
Methodology of Cultural Ecology
314
Primacy of Ecological Base
320
Cultural Core, Cultural Type, and Integrationalism
321
Cultural Ecology and Law: A Case Study
324
Conclusion
326
Marvin Harris: Cultural Materialism
327
Influence of Marxism
327
Methodology of Cultural Materialism
328
A.
Mental and Behavioral Fields
329
B.
Basic Methodological Principles
333
Of Unclean Pigs and Sacred Cows: Applied Infrastructure
337
C.
Thought Over Behavior: A Case of Mistaken Priority
343
Conclusion
345
ch. 6
Cultural Cognitivism and Normativity: Cognitive Functionalism, Ethnoscience, and Neostructuralism
347
Emic Cognitive Functionalism: Definitional Issues
349
Methodological Approach
350
Epistemological Implications
355
Applied Cognitive Anthropology: Case Studies in Law
357
A.
Cognitivism, Functionalism, and Law
358
B.
Law as a Cultural Code
363
C.
Cultural Values and Legal Principles: The Harmony Model
365
D.
Cultural Values and Legal Principles: The Principle of Balance
368
E.
Tramp in Court
369
F.
Procedural Law
373
G.
Rom in Court
374
Conclusion
377
Cognitive Ethnoscience and Law
378
Historical Roots of Ethnoscience
379
Pospisil's Analysis of the Kapauku Law of Land Tenure
381
Kapauku Folk Taxonomy of Land and Water Categories
382
Componential Analysis in Terms of Physical and Economic Attributes
384
Componential Analysis of the Legal Attributes of Terrain Types
385
Cognitive Map of Kapauku Land Tenure Law
388
Conclusion
394
Neostructuralism and Law
395
Lévi-Strauss and Structural Anthropology
395
Lévi-Strauss on the Nature of Human Understanding
395
Linguistic Model and Methodological Approach of Lévi-Strauss
399
Structural Analysis of Matrimonial Law
403
Structural Analysis of Kinship
406
Structural Characteristics of the Basic Kin Unit
411
Conclusion
412
ch. 7
Cultural Cognitivism and Normativity: Symbolism and Interpretivism
415
Symbolic Anthropology: Basic Tenets
415
Human Creativity Versus Determinism and Solidarism
421
Symbolism in Law: Case Studies
422
A.
Law of Forfeiture
422
Conclusion
428
B.
Narratives in Law as Community Discourse
429
1.
Narratives of Avoidance: General Characteristics
429
C.
Narratives of Avoidance: Ethical Dimensions
434
D.
Religious Foundation of the Narrative of Avoidance: Local and National Implications
436
Conclusion
441
E.
Symbolism of Punishment in Criminal Law: Public Executions
441
Conclusion
446
Turner: The Cognitive Role of Symbols
446
Social Change, Ritual, and Drama
448
Communitas, Antistructure, and Processualism
449
Liminality and Communitas in Ndembu Ritual
452
Conclusion
455
Geertz: Interpretivism and Thick Description
455
Introduction to Geertz's Semiotic Phenomenology
455
Normative Critique
457
Epistemological Implications of the Interpretivist Critique
461
Case Studies in Interpretivism
462
A.
Balinese Cockfight
462
B.
Javanese Funeral
464
C.
Interpretivism and Law
468
D.
Legal Interpretivism as Hermeneutics
470
Conclusion
473
ch. 8
Postmodern Ethnographies in Normativity
475
Postmodernism and Anthropology
476
Death[—]and Resurrection[—]of the Subject in Postmodern Anthropology
477
Concept of Person as Subject: Case Studies in APM
479
A.
Personhood in Java
480
Conclusion
482
B.
Selthood in Bali
483
Conclusion
485
C.
Selthood in Morocco
485
Conclusion
487
From "Going Native" to "Going Local": APM's Reflexive Turn Part I
489
Case Studies in the Ethnography of Legal Discourse
490
A.
Relational Legal Discourse
490
B.
Rule-Oriented Legal Discourse
493
Conclusion
496
From "Going Native" to "Going Local": APM's Reflexive Turn Part II
497
Power as Hegemonic Force in U.S. Culture: Case Studies
498
A.
Power as Hegemonic Force in Law
499
B.
Power as Hegemonic Force in the Beauty and Medical Industries
503
Experience-Near Understanding When Ethnography "Goes Local"
505
Conclusion
506
Cultural Domination through Discourse in Working-Class America
508
Cultural Domination of Legally Sanctioned Discourse
508
Paradox of Legal Entitlement
511
Domination through Legal Discourse: Revictimizing Rape Victims
513
A.
Language, Discourse, and Power
514
B.
Revictimization of Rape Victims
515
C.
Linguistic Features of Courtroom Proceedings
516
D.
Linguistic Domination, the "Sexual Double Bind," and Sexual History
520
From Paradox to Paradox to Paradox: The Rule of Law as Oppressor
526
A.
Hegemonic Role of Lawyers and Anthropologists
530
B.
Alternative Dispute Settlement as Hegemonic Controlling Process Abroad
533
Conclusion
535
Presenting the Native Point of View in a Nonnative Culture: The Cultural Defense in Criminal Law
537
A.
Introduction
537
B.
Case Study of the Cultural Defense in the United States
538
C.
Cultural Dimensions of Kargar's Defense
539
D.
Trial Court's Ruling
539
E.
Appellate Ruling
540
F.
Cultural Defense as a Mitigating Factor
545
G.
Cultural Defense under the Bill of Rights and Balancing of Interests
548
H.
Limits to the Cultural Defense
549
Epilogue: The Metaphysics of Culture II
555
Index
561