Ethics and cyber warfare : the quest for responsible security in the age of digital warfare / George Lucas.
2017
U167.5.C92 L83 2017 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Ethics and cyber warfare : the quest for responsible security in the age of digital warfare / George Lucas.
Published
New York, NY, United States of America : Oxford University Press, [2017]
Copyright
©2017
Call Number
U167.5.C92 L83 2017
ISBN
9780190276522 (hardcover ; alk. paper)
0190276525 (hardcover ; alk. paper)
0190276525 (hardcover ; alk. paper)
Description
xii, 187 pages : illustration ; 25 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)947144997
Summary
"From North Kore's recent attacks on Sony to perpetual news reports of successful hackings and criminal theft, cyber conflict has emerged as a major topic of public concern. Yet even as attacks on military, civilian, and commercial targets have escalated, there is not yet a clear set of ethical guidelines that apply to cyber warfare. Indeed, like terrorism, cyber warfare is commonly believed to be a war without rules. Given the prevalence cyber warfare, developing a practical moral code for this new form of conflict is more important than ever. In Ethics and Cyber Warfare, internationally-respected ethicist George Lucas delves into the confounding realm of cyber conflict. Comparing "state-sponsored hacktivism" to the transformative impact of "irregular warfare" in conventional armed conflict, Lucas offers a critique of legal approaches to governance, and outlines a new approach to ethics and "just war" reasoning. Lucas draws upon the political philosophies of Alasdair MacIntyre, John Rawls, and Jürgen Habermas to provide a framework for understanding these newly-emerging standards for cyber conflict, and ultimately presents a professional code of ethics for a new generation of "cyber warriors." Lucas concludes with a discussion of whether preemptive self-defense efforts - such as the massive government surveillance programs revealed by Edward Snowden - can ever be justified, addressing controversial topics such as privacy, anonymity, and public trust. Well-reasoned and timely, Ethics and Cyber Warfare is a must-read for anyone with an interest in philosophy, ethics, or cybercrime." -- Publisher's description.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-173) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Edith L. Fisch Fund
Table of Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xiii
Introduction: Crime or Warfare?
1
1.
Cyber (In)security: Threat Assessment in the Cyber Domain
16
What, When, and Where?
16
How?
18
Why?
19
Three Ways of Being a Hacktivist
21
Conventional Warfare
22
Unrestricted Warfare
24
State-Sponsored Hacktivism as a New Form of Warfare
27
2.
Is There a Role for Ethics or Law in Cyber Conflict?
33
Irregular War and Cyberwar
33
Ethics and "Folk Morality"
35
Ethics and the Law
40
Ethics and Just War Theory
42
Strategic Plan of the Book
45
Applying Moral Theories in the Cyber Domain
48
3.
Tallinn Manual: International Law in the Aftermath of Estonia
57
International Law Applicable to Stuxnet
58
International Law and State-Sponsored Hacktivism
61
Tallinn Manual
64
International Law and the Estonian Cyber Attacks
68
"There Oughta Be a Law!"
73
Why the Tallinn Manual Failed
76
4.
Genuine Ethics versus "Folk Morality" in Cyberspace
85
Advantages of Taking the "Moral Point of View"
86
Challenge of Folk Morality for Authentic Ethics
88
Origins of Universal Moral Norms
91
Thinking Ethically about Conflict in the Cyber Domain
96
Just War Theory as Part of a "Morality of Exceptions"
98
Jus in Bello and Professional Military Ethics
101
Jus in Silico: Ethics and Just War Theory in the Cyber Domain
102
5.
If Aristotle Waged Cyberwar: How Norms Emerge from Practice
109
Distinguishing between Laws and Norms
112
Methodology of Uncertainty: How Do Norms "Emerge"?
113
Do Emergent Moral Norms Provide Effective Governance?
119
6.
Privacy, Anonymity, and the Rise of State-Sponsored Hacktivism
125
Emergent Norms and the Rise of State-Sponsored Hacktivism
126
Cunning of History
128
Permissible Preventive Cyber Self-Defense
129
Privacy, Anonymity, and the Sectors of Vulnerability
130
Cyber Security Measures for Individuals
131
Privacy versus Anonymity
133
Limited Justification for Anonymity
135
Restricting Anonymity while Preserving Privacy
137
New "Rules of the Road" for Cyber Navigation
138
7.
NSA Management Directive #424: Anticipatory National Self-Defense
142
Preventive War
143
Initial Public Response
147
Dilemma of Edward Snowden
148
Government Deception and Public Trust
150
Defending National Boundaries and Personal Liberties
151
State Norms for Respecting Sovereignty and Attaining Security
153
Conclusion: Toward a "Code of Ethics" for Cyber Warriors
157
References
167
Index
175