Beyond human rights : the legal status of the individual in international law / Anne Peters; translated by Jonathan Huston; revised and updated by the author.
2016
K3240 .P48 2016 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Beyond human rights : the legal status of the individual in international law / Anne Peters; translated by Jonathan Huston; revised and updated by the author.
Published
Cambridge [UK] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Call Number
K3240 .P48 2016
ISBN
9781107164307 (hardback)
1107164303 (hardback)
1107164303 (hardback)
Description
xxxv, 602 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)952200227
Summary
"The starting point for this study is the observation that with increasing frequency, international legal norms directly address and engage individuals. For instance, individual rights under international law appear to arise from extradition treaties, treaties of friendship and establishment, double taxation agreements, transport treaties, intellectual property treaties, investment protection treaties, treaties on the legal status of foreigners, and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. On the side of duties, the criminal responsibility of individuals under international law has in recent decades been fleshed out by the work of the ad hoc criminal tribunals and the International Criminal Court"-- Provided by publisher.
Note
Includes index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Preface to the German Edition of 2014
xi
Preface to the English Edition
xiii
List of Abbreviations
xv
Table of Cases
xx
1.
Definition of the Question
1
1.1.
Individualization of International Law?
1
1.2.
Backlash in the Age of BRICSs?
3
1.3.
Legal Acquis Individuel: Structure of the Book
7
1.4.
Scope of Investigation: "The Individual"
9
2.
Historical Theory and Practice of the International Legal Status of the Individual
11
2.1.
History of Ideas
11
2.2.
Historical Legal Practice
25
2.3.
Conclusion
33
3.
Doctrine of the International Legal Personality of the Human Being
35
3.1.
Basic Terminology: International Legal Subject and International Legal Person
35
3.2.
Traditional Classification of International Legal Subjects: The State and Everyone Else
42
3.3.
Decoupling Substantive and Procedural Individual Rights under International Law
44
3.4.
Legal Capacity and the Power to Create Law
50
3.5.
Individualism, Monism, and Dualism
54
3.6.
Conclusion
58
4.
International Individual Obligations
60
4.1.
Definition of the Problem
60
4.2.
Basic Categories
62
4.3.
Partially Corresponding Individual Claims
66
4.4.
Normal Case of Merely Indirect Imposition of Obligations upon Individuals through State Duties of Protection
67
4.5.
Direct International Individual Obligations as an Exceptional Case
71
4.6.
Need to Close Regulatory Gaps as a Reason for and Limit to Direct International Individual Obligations
76
4.7.
Further Limitation of Individual Rights by the Transnationalized Principle of Legality
79
4.8.
Legal Bases of Specific Individual Obligations
85
4.9.
Individual Obligation to Observe International Human Rights?
99
4.10.
No "Fundamental Duties" of Individuals under International Law
110
4.11.
Conclusion
113
5.
International Responsibility of the Individual
115
5.1.
Foundations
115
5.2.
International Criminal Responsibility of Individuals
117
5.3.
International Non-criminal Responsibility of the Individual
152
5.4.
Conclusion
164
6.
Individual Rights Arising from International Responsibility
167
6.1.
Definition of the Problem
167
6.2.
Law of International (State) Responsibility
170
6.3.
Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law: Remedy and Reparation
175
6.4.
Rationale and Necessity of Individual Rights Arising from International Responsibility
189
6.5.
Conclusion
192
7.
Individual Rights and Duties in the Law of Armed Conflict
194
7.1.
Individual Rights at the Primary Level
194
7.2.
Secondary Rights of Individuals de lege lata
202
7.3.
Secondary Claims of Individuals de lege ferenda
210
7.4.
Ownership of Claims and Waiver
213
7.5.
Individual Enforcement of Secondary Claims in the Law of Armed Conflict
216
7.6.
Individual Obligations in the Law of Armed Conflict
220
7.7.
Conclusions
231
8.
Protection against Acts of Violence and Forces of Nature
233
8.1.
Definition of the Problem
233
8.2.
Obligations Arising from the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
236
8.3.
Obligations to Protect in the Event of Natural Disasters
240
8.4.
Appraisal
246
8.5.
Conclusion
253
9.
International Legal Status of Victims of Crime
255
9.1.
Duty to Prosecute and Punish
255
9.2.
Legal Status of Victims in International Criminal Proceedings
269
9.3.
No Privatization of the Right of Punishment
276
10.
Rights and Duties in Investment Protection Law
282
10.1.
Definition of the Problem
282
10.2.
Procedural Right of Investors under International Law: Power to Institute Arbitration Proceedings
285
10.3.
Substantive Rights of Investors Arising from Contracts (Contract Claims)
293
10.4.
Rights Arising from Inter-State Investment Protection Treaties: The "Direct"/"Derivative" Rights Debate
301
10.5.
Investor Rights Are Not Human Rights
318
10.6.
Practical Consequences of Individual Rights ("Direct Rights") Arising from Treaties
321
10.7.
Secondary Claims of the Investor under International Law
331
10.8.
Obligations of Investors under International Law
339
10.9.
Conclusion
346
11.
Individual Rights in Consular Law
348
11.1.
Right to Consular Contact
349
11.2.
Rights of Detained Foreigners
350
11.3.
Quality of Individual Rights Arising from Article 36 of VCCR
356
11.4.
Enforcement of the Individual Right
365
11.5.
Legal Consequences of the VCCR Violation, Especially in Criminal Proceedings
368
11.6.
Conclusion
385
12.
Individual Rights in Diplomatic Protection
388
12.1.
Foundations and Definition of the Question
388
12.2.
Rights against the Injuring State: The End of the Vattelian Fiction
389
12.3.
International Right to Diplomatic Protection vis-a-vis the Home State?
396
12.4.
Conclusion
405
13.
Legal Basis for the International Legal Personality of the Individual and the Question of its Independence from the State
408
13.1.
States as Overlords?
408
13.2.
International Legal Personality Independent of the State?
412
13.3.
Treaty Basis
413
13.4.
Customary International Law
419
13.5.
General Principle of Law
421
13.6.
Natural Law
428
13.7.
Human Right
430
13.8.
Conclusion
431
14.
Human Rights and Other Rights
436
14.1.
Two Groups of International Individual Rights
436
14.2.
Possibility of a Distinction
438
14.3.
Desirability of the Distinction: Against the Trivialization of Human Rights
443
14.4.
Consequences of the Distinction
447
14.5.
Superposition of Human Rights and New Orientation of a Regime: The Example of Refugee Law
450
14.6.
Divergences and Tensions between Simple Rights and Human Rights: The Example of International Labour Law
457
14.7.
Practical Conception of Human Rights
469
15.
Individualized Enforcement of International Law
472
15.1.
Individuals as Guardians of the International Legal Order
472
15.2.
Addressees of International Individual Rights
474
15.3.
Enforcement of International Individual Rights
479
15.4.
International Individual Rights as the Foundation of the Emerging International Guarantee of Access to Justice
492
16.
Direct Effect of Norms Establishing Individual Rights and Duties
495
16.1.
Definition of the Problem
495
16.2.
Terms and Distinctions
496
16.3.
Direct Effect and the Substantive International Legal Status of the Individual
501
16.4.
Traditional Criteria of Direct Effect
504
16.5.
Direct Effect of Secondary Law
507
16.6.
Rejection of Direct Effect as a Mechanism of Legitimacy
514
16.7.
Direct Effect as the Normal Case
519
16.8.
Conclusion
523
17.
International Individual Right
526
17.1.
Rights as a Paradigm of Modernity
527
17.2.
Postmodern Critique of Rights
530
17.3.
Lack of Global Citizenship
544
17.4.
Global Bourgeois
551
Bibliography
556
Index
591