Non-state actors in international law / edited by Math Noortmann, August Reinisch and Cedric Ryngaert.
2015
KZ3925 .N662 2015 (Map It)
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Title
Non-state actors in international law / edited by Math Noortmann, August Reinisch and Cedric Ryngaert.
Published
Oxford ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2015.
Copyright
©2015
Call Number
KZ3925 .N662 2015
ISBN
1849465118
9781849465113
9781849465113
Description
xiv, 406 pages ; 24 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)902021470
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 377-398) and index.
Record Appears in
Variant Title
Nonstate actors in international law
Table of Contents
List of Contributors
xiii
1.
Introduction
1
Part I / Math Noortmann Cedric Ryngaert August Reinisch
2.
Non-State Actors and the Social Practice of International Law / Math Noortmann Cedric Ryngaert August Reinisch
11
2.1.
Epistemological Considerations: Non-State Actors and the Argumentative Practice of International Law / Jean d'Aspremont
12
2.2.
Two Types of Social Practice and Two Types of Engagement by Non-State Actors / Jean d'Aspremont
14
2.3.
Social Practice of Non-State Actors for the Sake of Law-Ascertainment / Jean d'Aspremont
16
2.4.
Social Practice by Non-State Actors in General Legal Theory / Jean d'Aspremont
18
2.5.
Which Non-State Actors for which Social Practice in International Law? / Jean d'Aspremont
20
2.6.
Concluding Remarks: the Politics of Definition and the Definition of Politics / Jean d'Aspremont
30
3.
Non-State Actors in International Law in Policy Perspective / Jean d'Aspremont
33
3.1.
Introduction / Eisuke Suzuki
33
3.2.
Non-State Actors in Context: Multiple Affiliations and Complex Layers of Decision Processes / Eisuke Suzuki
35
3.3.
Non-State Actors and Specialised Agencies of the United Nations / Eisuke Suzuki
37
3.4.
Non-State Actors and Civil Society / Eisuke Suzuki
39
3.5.
Non-State Actors' Activities in the Major Value Processes / Eisuke Suzuki
40
Power / Eisuke Suzuki
40
Wealth / Eisuke Suzuki
42
Enlightenment / Eisuke Suzuki
42
Skills / Eisuke Suzuki
43
Affection / Eisuke Suzuki
43
Rectitude / Eisuke Suzuki
43
Wellbeing / Eisuke Suzuki
44
Respect / Eisuke Suzuki
44
3.6.
Policy for Non-State Actors' Participation in Decision-Making / Eisuke Suzuki
44
3.7.
Recent Trends of Non-State Actors as Authoritative Decision-Makers / Eisuke Suzuki
46
3.7.1.
General Framework for Participation / Eisuke Suzuki
46
3.7.2.
Need for Functional Analysis / Eisuke Suzuki
47
Intelligence Function / Eisuke Suzuki
48
Promotion Function / Eisuke Suzuki
49
Prescribing Function / Eisuke Suzuki
50
Invoking Function / Eisuke Suzuki
51
Application Function / Eisuke Suzuki
52
Terminating Function / Eisuke Suzuki
53
Appraising Function / Eisuke Suzuki
53
3.8.
For the Future / Eisuke Suzuki
53
3.8.1.
Bridging the Gap Between Vertical Internal Processes of Decision with the Horizontal International Process of Decision / Eisuke Suzuki
54
3.8.2.
Civil Society's Access to Official International Decision-making Processes / Eisuke Suzuki
55
4.
Transnational Law: Philip Jessup's Legacy and Beyond / Eisuke Suzuki
57
4.1.
Introduction / Math Noortmann
57
4.2.
Jessup's Understanding of Transnational Law and the Non-State Actor in It / Math Noortmann
60
4.2.1.
Jessup's Conception of 'International Law' / Math Noortmann
60
4.2.2.
Jessup and Non-State Actors / Math Noortmann
63
4.3.
'Transnationalized Legal Traditionalism' / Math Noortmann
64
4.4.
Transnational Legal Process Approach / Math Noortmann
66
4.5.
Transnational Law: What it is and How it Works / Math Noortmann
68
4.5.1.
Transnational Agreements / Math Noortmann
70
4.5.2.
Transnational Custom / Math Noortmann
71
4.5.3.
Transnational Jurisprudence / Math Noortmann
72
4.6.
Concluding Reflections / Math Noortmann
73
Part II / Math Noortmann
5.
Non-State Actors and the Use of Force / Math Noortmann
77
5.1.
Introduction / Christian Henderson
77
5.2.
Non-State Actors and the Regulation of the Internal Use of Force / Christian Henderson
78
5.3.
Regulation of the International Use of Force Against Non-State Actors / Christian Henderson
80
5.3.1.
Action Taken or Authorised by the UN Security Council / Christian Henderson
81
5.3.2.
Unilateral Action by States and Regional Organisations / Christian Henderson
83
Overcoming the Sovereignty Barrier: Attribution to the Host State / Christian Henderson
88
Sovereignty Barrier and Self-defence Restricted to the Targeting of Non-State Actors Located Upon a Host State's Territory / Christian Henderson
90
5.4.
Conclusion / Christian Henderson
96
6.
Non-State Actors Under International Humanitarian Law / Christian Henderson
97
6.1.
Introduction / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
97
6.2.
Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
98
6.2.1.
International Committee of the Red Cross / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
98
Status of the International Committee of the Red Cross / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
99
General Role of the ICRC During Armed Conflicts / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
100
Special Focus of the ICRC / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
101
6.2.2.
International Federation of the Red Cross / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
104
6.2.3.
National Societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
105
6.3.
Aid Outside of the Movement[—]Other Non-Governmental Organisations and their Status Under International Humanitarian Law / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
106
6.3.1.
Humanitarian Aid Organisations / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
106
Humanitarian Aid Organisations and Armed Conflicts / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
106
Humanitarian Aid Organisations Under International Humanitarian Law / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
108
6.3.2.
Human Rights Organisations / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
110
6.4.
Conclusion / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
111
7.
Non-State Actors and Human Rights / Hans-Joachim Heintze Charlotte Lülf
113
7.1.
Reassessing Some Myths about International Law and Human Rights / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
113
7.1.1.
Dismantling Obstacle No 1[—]International Law is All About States[—]The Subject of International Law as a Haunting Phantom / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
118
7.1.2.
Dismantling Obstacle No 2[—]The Axiomatic State-Centrism in Human Rights Law / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
124
7.2.
Significance of Human Rights as a Reaction to Real Life Challenges / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
125
7.2.1.
Meaning of Human Rights[—]A Quest for Human Dignity, Equality and Justice / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
125
7.2.2.
Human Rights as 'All-round' Protection / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
129
7.3.
Public/Private Divide as a Bete Noire / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
132
7.4.
David vs Goliath[—]The Issue of Power Imbalance and Human Rights / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
135
7.5.
Reluctance to Enforce Human Rights Against Non-State Actors / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
137
7.5.1.
International Law Addressing Threats to Human Rights from Non-State Actors / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
137
7.5.2.
State as the Primary Guardian of Human Rights; or How Locke's Wish Came True / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
140
7.5.3.
Enforcing Human Rights Against Non-State Actors on the National Level / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
147
7.6.
Rarity of Direct Horizontal Human Rights Obligations Under International Law / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
151
7.7.
Human Rights in the Corporate World / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
154
7.8.
Holding International Organisations Accountable for Human Rights Violations / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
156
7.9.
Conclusion: How can Non-State Actors be Held Accountable for their Violation of International Human Rights? / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
159
8.
State Responsibility and Non-State Actors / Manfred Nowak Karolina Miriam Januszewski
163
8.1.
Introduction / Cedric Ryngaert
163
8.2.
Attribution of Conduct on the Basis of the Exercise of Elements of Governmental Authority by Non-State Actors / Cedric Ryngaert
165
8.3.
Attribution of Conduct on the Basis of Instructions or Control / Cedric Ryngaert
168
8.4.
Attribution of Conduct of an Insurrectional or Other Movement to the State / Cedric Ryngaert
174
8.5.
Due Diligence/Failure to Prevent / Cedric Ryngaert
177
8.6.
Concluding Observations / Cedric Ryngaert
181
Part III / Cedric Ryngaert
9.
International Governmental Organisations as Non-State Actors / Cedric Ryngaert
185
9.1.
Introduction / Ramses A. Wessel
185
9.2.
Changing Nature of International Organisations: From State Actors to Non-State Actors? / Ramses A. Wessel
187
9.3.
International Decisions and Law-Making / Ramses A. Wessel
191
9.4.
Autonomy of International Organisations: The Role of 'Independent' Organs / Ramses A. Wessel
195
9.5.
Conclusion: From 'State Actors' to Non-State Actors? / Ramses A. Wessel
201
10.
Non-Governmental Organisations: Recognition, Roles, Rights and Responsibilities / Ramses A. Wessel
205
10.1.
Introduction / Math Noortmann
205
10.2.
NGOs' International Legal Personality: the Politics of Recognition / Math Noortmann
207
10.3.
NGO Roles: A Socio-Political-Legal Approach / Math Noortmann
212
10.4.
Institutional, Conventional and Human Rights / Math Noortmann
216
10.5.
NGO Responsibility and Accountability / Math Noortmann
219
10.6.
Conclusion / Math Noortmann
223
11.
Multinational Corporations in International Law / Math Noortmann
225
11.1.
Introduction / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
225
11.2.
Definition / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
226
11.3.
International Legal Personality / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
228
11.4.
Rights Under International Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
230
11.4.1.
International Human Rights Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
230
11.4.2.
International Investment Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
234
11.5.
Obligations Under International Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
236
11.5.1.
International Human Rights Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
236
UN Draft Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises With Regard to Human Rights / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
239
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
240
Human Rights Council Resolution 26/9 / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
242
OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
243
ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
244
Global Compact / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
245
Self-regulation / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
245
Enforcement / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
246
11.5.2.
International Environmental Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
248
11.5.3.
International Criminal Law / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
249
11.6.
Conclusion / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
250
12.
Investors / Jan Wouters Anna-Luise Chané
253
12.1.
Introduction / August Reinisch
253
12.2.
Specific Nature of Investment Arbitration / August Reinisch
253
12.2.1.
Diplomatic Protection / August Reinisch
254
12.2.2.
Investment Disputes Espoused by Home States / August Reinisch
255
12.2.3.
Evolution of Modern ISDS[—]From Contract to Treaty Arbitration / August Reinisch
256
12.2.4.
Modern ISDS / August Reinisch
258
12.3.
Impact of ISDS on the Position of the Investor in International Law / August Reinisch
259
12.4.
Contribution of Investors to the Development of General International Law and of International Investment Law in Particular / August Reinisch
262
12.4.1.
Investors as Driving Forces of the Shaping of Investment Law / August Reinisch
264
12.4.2.
States Reshaping Investment Law / August Reinisch
268
12.5.
Conclusion / August Reinisch
271
13.
Armed Opposition Groups / August Reinisch
273
13.1.
Introduction / Jordan J. Paust
273
13.2.
Non-State Armed Opposition Groups with Formal Status / Jordan J. Paust
274
13.2.1.
Types of Status / Jordan J. Paust
274
Nation / Jordan J. Paust
274
Peoples / Jordan J. Paust
275
Tribe / Jordan J. Paust
278
Belligerent / Jordan J. Paust
279
Insurgent / Jordan J. Paust
280
13.3.
Types of Armed Conflict in which they Participate / Jordan J. Paust
283
13.3.1.
Armed Conflicts of an International Character / Jordan J. Paust
283
13.3.2.
Armed Conflicts not of an International Character / Jordan J. Paust
284
Nature of Such an Armed Conflict / Jordan J. Paust
284
War Against al Qaeda as Such is not Legally Possible / Jordan J. Paust
285
13.4.
Non-State Armed Opposition Groups Lacking Formal Acceptable Status / Jordan J. Paust
286
13.4.1.
Terrorist Groups / Jordan J. Paust
286
13.4.2.
Mercenaries / Jordan J. Paust
287
13.4.3.
Pirates / Jordan J. Paust
288
13.4.4.
Brigands and Banditti / Jordan J. Paust
288
13.4.5.
Organised Criminal Groups / Jordan J. Paust
289
13.4.6.
Self-Defence and Organised Armed Groups / Jordan J. Paust
291
Defence Against Non-State Actor Armed Attacks / Jordan J. Paust
291
Defence Against State Complicitors in Non-State Actor Armed Attacks / Jordan J. Paust
292
13.5.
Conclusion / Jordan J. Paust
292
Part IV / Jordan J. Paust
14.
Non-State Actors in International Relations: Actors, Processes, and an Agenda for Multifaceted Dialogue / Jordan J. Paust
295
14.1.
Introduction / Markus Kornprobst
295
14.2.
Intra-State War / Markus Kornprobst
297
14.3.
International Terrorism / Markus Kornprobst
301
14.4.
Arms Control / Markus Kornprobst
303
14.5.
Global Economy / Markus Kornprobst
306
14.6.
Human Rights / Markus Kornprobst
311
14.7.
Global Environment / Markus Kornprobst
314
14.8.
Global Polity / Markus Kornprobst
317
14.9.
Conclusion / Markus Kornprobst
320
15.
Non-State Actors and Soft Power / Markus Kornprobst
323
15.1.
Introduction / Alan Chong
323
15.2.
Non-State Actors Vis-à-Vis the Nation-State / Alan Chong
324
15.3.
Non-State Actors Lean Towards Soft Power / Alan Chong
327
15.4.
Non-State Actors Operate within Global Information Space / Alan Chong
330
15.5.
Soft Power of Publicising Unethical Practices / Alan Chong
331
15.6.
Soft Power of Legal Manoeuvres / Alan Chong
336
15.7.
Soft Power of Developmental and Grassroots Disaster Relief / Alan Chong
339
15.8.
Conclusion: Non-State Actor Soft Power, Its Foibles, and Acting in Spite of the Nation-State / Alan Chong
342
16.
Non-State Actors and Globalisation: A Paradigm for a Decentred World? / Alan Chong
345
16.1.
Introduction / Barrie Axford
345
16.2.
Exemplifying 'New' Geographies of Governance / Barrie Axford
346
16.3.
Globalisation as a Transformative Motif / Barrie Axford
350
16.4.
NSAs in the Vertebrate Global System / Barrie Axford
354
16.5.
NSAs in the Mixed Global System: A Pause for Breath / Barrie Axford
361
16.6.
NSAs in the Cellular Global System / Barrie Axford
363
16.7.
Conclusion / Barrie Axford
366
17.
Concluding Observations / Barrie Axford
369
Select Bibliography / Math Noortmann Cedric Ryngaert August Reinisch
377
Index / Math Noortmann August Reinisch Cedric Ryngaert
399