The constitution of Romania / a contextual analysis / Bianca Selejan-Gutan.
2016
KKR2064.51991 .S45 2016 (Map It)
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Title
The constitution of Romania / a contextual analysis / Bianca Selejan-Gutan.
Published
Oxford, United Kingdom ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2016.
Call Number
KKR2064.51991 .S45 2016
Former Call Number
Ro 910 Se485 2016
ISBN
9781849465137 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1849465134 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9781782259589 (Epub)
1782259589 (electronic)
9781782259589 (electronic)
1849465134 (pbk. : alk. paper)
9781782259589 (Epub)
1782259589 (electronic)
9781782259589 (electronic)
Description
xxiv, 270 pages ; 22 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)932618859
Summary
Introduction and historical overview -- The Romanian Parliament -- The dual executive and the avatars of Romanian semi-presidentialism -- Local government -- The constitutional court, constitutional aspects of the judicial system -- Constitutional protection of fundamental rights -- The process of constitutional change : mechanisms, limits and future developments
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Available in Other Form
Online version: Selejan-Guțan, Bianca, 1973- author. Constitution of Romania Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2016 9781782259589 (DLC) 2015050109
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
List of Abbreviations
xv
Table of Cases
xvii
Table of Legislation
xix
Introduction And Historical Overview
1
I.
Introductory Remarks
1
II.
Brief Overview of Romanian Modern Constitutional History
2
A.
Rise and Fall of Romanian Liberal Constitutionalism
2
i.
Dawn of Romanian Constitutionalism
2
ii.
Organic Regulations (1831-58)
5
iii.
Birth of the Modern Romanian State and the Reign of Alexandru Joan Cuza
7
iv.
Constitutional Monarchy (1866-1938)
10
v.
Right-wing Dictatorships (1938-44)
15
B.
Communist Period
17
C.
1989 Revolution and the Post-Communist Period
19
i.
1989 Revolutionary Moment
19
ii.
Constitution-making Process
22
III.
Conclusion: The Dynamics of the Romanian Constitutional Culture
24
A.
Pre-Communist Period
25
B.
Communist Period
27
C.
Post-Communist Period
28
Further Reading
30
1.
Constitution, Nation And State
33
I.
Constitution and Constitutional Law
33
A.
Constitution: Formal and Substantive
34
B.
Organic and Ordinary Laws
34
C.
Government Ordinances (Ordonante de Guvern)
35
D.
International Treaties: A Monist Incorporation
36
E.
Complementary Sources: Case Law of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights
37
F.
Marginal Sources: Ordinary Case Law, Doctrine, Travaux Préparatoires
38
G.
EU Law in the Source System
38
II.
Romanian Nation, Sovereignty and Citizenship
40
A.
Romanian People as Sovereign
40
B.
Citizenship
43
i.
Citizens and Nationals
43
ii.
Constitutional and Legal Aspects of Romanian Citizenship: Acquisition, Loss, Specific Rights
45
iii.
Political Rights of Citizens
46
iv.
Referendums
47
III.
State and its Features
52
A.
General Characteristics of the State
52
i.
National State
52
ii.
Unitary and Indivisible State
53
iii.
Democracy and the Rule of Law
54
iv.
Republic
56
v.
Social State
57
B.
Institutional Architecture and the Separation of Powers
58
i.
Separation of Powers
58
ii.
Semi-presidentialism
59
iii.
Legislature and Executive
60
iv.
Judiciary
61
v.
Other Key Institutions of the Constitutional System
62
C.
Conclusion
63
Further Reading
63
2.
Romanian Parliament
65
I.
Introduction
65
II.
Struggle For Parliament: Political Parties and Elections
66
A.
Political Parties
67
B.
Parliamentary Elections
72
C.
Structure and Internal Organisation of Parliament
76
i.
Bicameralism
76
ii.
Internal Organisation: Groups, Committees, Speakers
78
iii.
Sessions and Sittings
81
D.
Status of Members of Parliament
82
i.
Protection of Members of Parliament: Incompatibilities, Immunity
83
E.
Opposition
87
F.
Legislative Process
88
i.
Legislative Initiative
88
ii.
Legislative Council
89
iii.
Introduction to the Competent Chamber
90
iv.
Committee Stage
90
v.
Plenary Debate and Adoption
91
G.
Parliamentary Resolutions
92
H.
Other Functions: Control and Supervision
93
I.
Dissolution of Parliament
95
J.
Budgetary and Financial Powers
96
i.
Adoption of the Budget
96
ii.
Financial Control Through the Court of Auditors
97
K.
Conclusion
98
Further Reading
99
3.
Dual Executive And The Avatars Of Romanian Semi-Presidentialism
101
I.
Introduction
101
II.
President
102
A.
Origins of the Presidential Function in Romania
102
B.
Design of the New Presidential Institution
104
C.
Election of the President
105
D.
Presidential Term of Office
106
E.
Role and Powers of the President
107
i.
Representative of the State
109
ii.
Mediator and Guarantor of the Constitution
110
F.
Relationship with the Government
112
i.
Appointment and Reshuffle
113
ii.
Cohabitation and its Effects
116
G.
Relationship with the Parliament
118
H.
Foreign Policy and Defence Powers
119
I.
Accountability of the President
120
i.
Incompatibilities and Immunity
120
ii.
Suspension from Office
120
iii.
Impeachment for High Treason
124
J.
Vacancy of Office
125
K.
Acts of the President
125
L.
Conclusion
126
III.
Government
126
A.
Appointment of the Government
127
B.
Structure, Competences, Functioning
128
i.
Structure
128
ii.
Functions and Competences
128
C.
Prime Minister
130
D.
Relationship Between the Government and the Parliament
131
i.
Legislative Delegation
131
ii.
Political Accountability of the Government
133
iii.
Motion of Censure
134
iv.
Engagement of Responsibility
135
E.
Criminal Accountability of the Members of the Government
137
IV.
Public Administration
139
A.
Public Office and Lustration
139
B.
Ministerial Administration
141
C.
Autonomous Administrative Agencies
141
D.
Conclusion
144
V.
Conclusion
145
Further Reading
146
4.
Local Government
147
I.
Brief Historical Overview
147
II.
Constitutional Principles of the Current System of Local Government
149
A.
Decentralisation and Deconcentration
150
B.
Local Autonomy
152
C.
Sensitive Issue of Linguistic Pluralism
154
III.
Relationship Between Central and Local Government: A True Autonomy?
155
A.
Prefect
155
B.
Financial Autonomy
157
IV.
Conclusion
159
Further Reading
160
5.
Constitutional Court. Constitutional Aspects Of The Judicial System
163
I.
Constitutional Court
163
A.
Foundations of the Romanian Constitutional Court
163
B.
Composition of the Court: Appointment of Constitutional Judges, Independence and Impartiality
167
i.
Composition and Appointment
167
ii.
Independence and Impartiality of the Court
169
C.
Constitutional Court's Powers
171
i.
Abstract Review
172
ii.
Concrete Review
173
iii.
Other Powers
176
II.
Judicial System and its Constitutional Role
181
A.
General Remarks on the Romanian Judicial System
181
B.
Constitutional Principles of the Judiciary
182
C.
Organisation of the System and the Status of Magistrates
183
i.
How the Judicial System is Organised
183
ii.
Recruitment, Appointment and Status of Judges: Guarantees of Independence
184
D.
Particular Situation of the Prosecution. The National Anti-corruption Directorate
185
E.
High Court of Cassation and Justice
189
i.
Consistency of Jurisprudence
190
ii.
HCCJ and RCC: Dialogue or Conflict?
191
F.
Superior Council of Magistracy
193
III.
Conclusion
197
Further Reading
201
6.
Constitutional Protection Of Fundamental Rights
203
I.
National and International Foundations of the System of Fundamental Rights
203
A.
National Foundations
205
B.
International Foundations
207
II.
Constitutional Principles of Rights
209
A.
Equality
209
B.
Priority of International Law
211
C.
Proportionality and Limitation of Rights
214
III.
Content of Rights
216
A.
Access to Justice
217
B.
Pillars of Democracy: Rights to Free Speech, Association and Assembly
218
C.
Personal Protection: Rights to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
221
D.
Personal Freedoms: Rights to Liberty and Security of the Person, Respect for Private Life
222
E.
Minority Protection and the Right to Identity
223
F.
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
227
G.
Right to Property
228
H.
Fundamental Duties
230
IV.
Institutional Guarantees of Rights
231
A.
Fundamental Rights in Romanian Courts
231
B.
Ombudsman
233
V.
Conclusion
236
Further Reading
237
7.
Process Of Constitutional Change: Mechanisms, Limits And Future Developments
239
I.
Contextual Mechanisms and Dynamics of Constitutional Change
239
A.
Formal Changes
241
B.
Informal Changes
244
II.
Limits
246
A.
Formal Limits
246
B.
Substantive Limits and 'Eternity Clauses'
248
III.
Future Developments
249
A.
Major Themes of Debate in the Context of Post-Communist Constitutional Change
249
i.
Parliamentarism v Semi-presidentialism
250
ii.
Other Themes of Debate on Constitutional Change
252
iii.
Constitutional Models
254
B.
International Benchmarks of Constitutional Change
255
C.
Conclusion
257
Further Reading
259
Index
261