Acknowledgements

xi

Foreword / Fatou B. Bensouda

xiii

Preface / Richard H. Steinberg

xv

Contributors

xvii

Abbreviations

xxii

pt. 1

Jurisdiction: The 2008--2009 Gaza Issue

Introduction to Part 1 / Richard H. Steinberg

2

1.

No Jurisdictional Basis for an Investigation Pursuant to the Palestinian Declaration / George P. Fletcher

5

2.

Press Releases, Not Arrest Warrants: Interpreting the ICC Prosecutor's Moves in Relation to the Gaza Situation / Marlies Glasius

15

3.

Palestine and the International Criminal Court: Asking the Right Question / Michael Kearney

25

4.

Palestine is a State so the Consent Declaration is a Valid Basis for Investigation by the ICC / John Quigley

39

5.

ICC Should Not Accept the Palestinian Declaration as that of a State / Yael Ronen

51

pt. 2

Obligation to Arrest: The Darfur Issue

Introduction to Part 2 / Richard H. Steinberg

74

6.

Impact of the Genocide Convention on the Obligation to Implement ICC Arrest Warrants / Dapo Akande

77

7.

Head of State Immunity as a Bar to Arrest / Paola Gaeta

84

8.

Closing the "Impunity Gap" and the Role of State Support of the ICC / Makau W. Mutua

99

9.

State Obligations in Implementing Arrest Warrants / William Schabas

112

10.

State "Cooperation Issues" in Arresting Al Bashir / Goran Sluiter

124

pt. 3

Oversight Issue

Introduction to Part 3 / Richard H. Steinberg

140

11.

Proposed Independent Oversight Mechanism for the International Criminal Court / Jose E. Alvarez

143

12.

Independent Oversight Mechanism Does Not Have Authority to Investigate and Decide Alleged Misconduct by Staff in the Office of the Prosecutor / Nicholas Cowdery Am

154

13.

Role of the Assembly of States Parties for the ICC / Christopher Gevers

159

14.

Establishing a Transparent and Effective Oversight Machinery and the Need for Constructive Dialogue between the Assembly, Court Officials, and Civil Society / Akbar Khan

173

15.

Reasonable Request: Requiring Prosecutor Authorization Prior to Any Investigation by the Independent Oversight Mechanism / Harmen van der Wilt

178

pt. 4

Deterrence: The Prevention Issue

Introduction to Part 4 / Richard H. Steinberg

184

16.

ICC Would Increase Its Prevention Ability If the Prosecutor's Discretion were More Visibly Limited / Kenneth Anderson

187

17.

Court Should Avoid all Considerations of Deterrence and Instead Focus on Creating a Credible and Legitimate Normative Environment in Which Serious Crimes are Not Tolerated / Tomer Broude

194

18.

Maximizing the ICC's Crime Prevention Impact Through Positive Complementarity and Hard-Nosed Diplomacy / William W. Burke-White

202

19.

Crime Prevention Potential of the International Criminal Court Depends Upon its Credibility and the Support it Receives from Governments and Especially those of States Parties to the Rome Treaty / Richard Goldstone

213

20.

Maximizing Opportunities to Deter Further Atrocity Crimes / Ambassador David Scheffer

220

pt. 5

Reparations Issue

Introduction to to Part 5 / Richard H. Steinberg

230

21.

Victims' Rights and Participation in ICC Proceedings and in Emerging Customary International Law / M. Cherif Bassiouni

233

22.

ICC Should Avoid Paternalistic or Bureaucratic Approaches to Determining Victims' Needs and Wants and Should Award Reparations to Promote Victims' Dignity and Agency / Carla Ferstman

242

23.

Reparations in the Wake of Atrocities: A Plan for Encouraging Participation by Governments / Saul Levmore

249

24.

Reparations before the ICC: The Need for Pragmatism and Creativity / Frederic Megret

252

25.

Minimalist Reparations Regime for the International Criminal Court / Eric A. Posner

264

pt. 6

Proof: The Mass Rape Issue

Introduction to Part 6 / Richard H. Steinberg

272

26.

Can the ICC Sustain a Conviction for the Underlying Crime of Mass Rape without Testimony from Victims? / Kelly Dawn Askin

275

27.

Cases of Mass Sexual Violence Can Be Proven without Direct Victim Testimony / Anne-Marie de Brouwer

282

28.

Use of Sample Survey Interviews as Evidence of Mass Rape / John Hagan

295

29.

ICC Prosecution of Mass Rape Crimes Will Require some Evidence from Victims, but the Hardship of Testifying Can be Mitigated / Ruth Wedgwood

300

pt. 7

Bias? The Africa Issue

Introduction to Part 7 / Richard H. Steinberg

306

30.

Inevitable Practice of the Office of the Prosecutor / Douglass Hansen

309

31.

Why Africa? / Kamari Maxine Clarke

326

32.

Is the ICC Targeting Africa Inappropriately? A Moral, Legal, and Sociological Assessment / Margaret M. Deguzman

333

33.

International Politics and Policy Considerations for the Inappropriate Targeting of Africa by the ICC OTP / Charles Achalekc Taku

338

34.

Institutional Framework of the Office of the Prosecutor, Legitimacy, and Overcoming Bias Allegations / Jessica Peake

351

35.

Is the ICC's Exclusively African Case Docket a Legitimate and Appropriate Intervention or an Unfair Targeting of Africans? / Abdul Tejan-Cole

366

pt. 8

Arrest Issue

Introduction to Part 8 / Richard H. Steinberg

382

36.

ICC Fugitives: The Need for Bespoke Solutions / Beth Van Schaack

385

37.

Ramping Up Strategies for ICC Arrests: A Few Lessons Learned / Richard Dicker

429

38.

Some Reflections on Securing the Arrest of ICC Fugitives / Cedric Ryngaert

434

39.

Pollyannas Need Not Apply: International Justice is, to a Certain Extent, Political Justice / Tom Parker

445

40.

Integrative Model for the ICC's Enforcement of Arrest and Surrender Requests: Toward a More Political Court? / Nadia Banteka

453

Index

465