Map
Summary
Key Recommendations
Methodology
In Their Own Words: Tunisia: Wassim's Story
Uganda: Chloe's Story
Turkmenistan: Nyazik's story
I. Background: Implications for HIV Prevention
II. Forced Anal Testing: A Country by Country View: Cameroon
Egypt
Kenya
Lebanon
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Zambia
III. International Human Rights Standards and Medical Ethics: International Human Rights Standards
Medical Ethics
Lack of Evidentiary Value
VII. Recommendations: To all State Governments, notably the governments of Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, Lebanon, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda and Zambia
To the World Health Organization
To the World Medical Association and the Conférence Francophone des Ordres des médecins (Francophone Conference of Medical Councils)
To UNAIDS
To the Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR) and regional human rights bodies, including the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
To the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Forms of Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
To the Committee for the Prevention of Torture in Africa at the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
To the UN Human Rights Council and all member states
To donor countries that provide support, including finances and training, for law enforcement agencies in countries in which anal exams are conducted
Acknowledgments.