Comprehensive criminal procedure / Ronald Jay Allen, John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law, Northwestern University ; William J. Stuntz, Henry J. Friendly Professor of Law, Harvard University ; Joseph L. Hoffmann, Harry Pratter Professor of Law, Indiana University Maurer School of Law ; Debra A. Livingston, United States Circuit Judge, Second Circuit, Paul J. Kellner Professor of Law, Columbia University ; Andrew D. Leipold, Edwin M. Adams Professor and Director, Program in Criminal Law & Procedure, University of Illinois ; Tracey L. Meares, Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law, Yale Law School.
2016
KF9619 .C62 2016 (Map It)
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Title
Comprehensive criminal procedure / Ronald Jay Allen, John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law, Northwestern University ; William J. Stuntz, Henry J. Friendly Professor of Law, Harvard University ; Joseph L. Hoffmann, Harry Pratter Professor of Law, Indiana University Maurer School of Law ; Debra A. Livingston, United States Circuit Judge, Second Circuit, Paul J. Kellner Professor of Law, Columbia University ; Andrew D. Leipold, Edwin M. Adams Professor and Director, Program in Criminal Law & Procedure, University of Illinois ; Tracey L. Meares, Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law, Yale Law School.
Published
New York : Wolters Kluwer, [2016]
Call Number
KF9619 .C62 2016
Edition
Fourth edition.
ISBN
9781454868293 hardcover
1454868295 hardcover
1454868295 hardcover
Description
xxx, 1,753 pages ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)934432768
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages xxix-xxx) and index.
Series
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Fisch Fund
Added Author
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Fisch Fund
Table of Contents
Preface
xxvii
Acknowledgments
xxix
Part One The Criminal Process
1
ch. 1
Introduction to the Criminal Justice "System"
3
A.
Introduction
3
B.
Readings on the Criminal Justice Process
9
1.
Perspectives on the System as a Whole
9
Packer, The Courts, the Police, and the Rest of Us
9
Whitman, Presumption of Innocence or Presumption of Mercy?: Weighing Two Western Modes of Justice
10
Garland, The Culture of Control
12
Muhammad, Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime and the Making of Modern Urban America
13
Grano, Ascertaining the Truth
14
Steiker, Counter-Revolution in Constitutional Criminal Procedure? Two Audiences, Two Answers
15
Amar, The Future of Constitutional Criminal Procedure
17
Stuntz, The Uneasy Relationship Between Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice
20
Tyler, Why People Obey the Law
22
2.
Distinction Between Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, and Substantive Criminal Law
23
Stuntz, Substance, Process, and the Civil-Criminal Line
23
3.
Plea Bargaining and Sentencing
25
Langbein, Torture and Plea Bargaining
25
Alschuler, Implementing the Criminal Defendant's Right to Trial: Alternatives to the Plea Bargaining System
26
Wright & Miller, The Screening/Bargaining Tradeoff
29
Bibas, The Myth of the Fully Informed Rational Actor
30
4.
Some Distributional Consequences of the Criminal Justice System
32
U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, The Ferguson Report
32
Fagan & Geller, Following the Script: Narratives of Suspicion in Terry Stops and Street Policing
33
Chacon, Overcriminalizing Immigration
34
5.
Police
36
Packer, The Limits of the Criminal Sanction
36
Harmon, The Problem of Policing
36
Skolnick & Bayley, Community Policing: Issues and Practices Around the World
37
Livingston, Police Discretion and the Quality of Life in Public Places: Courts, Communities, and the New Policing
40
6.
Lawyers and the Trial Courts
42
Wice, Chaos in the Courthouse: The Inner Workings of the Urban Criminal Courts
42
Blumberg, The Practice of Law as Confidence Game: Organizational Co-optation of a Profession
44
Uphoff, The Criminal Defense Lawyer as Effective Negotiator: A Systemic Approach
48
Natapoff, Gideon Skepticism
52
7.
Supreme Court
53
Amsterdam, The Supreme Court and the Rights of Suspects in Criminal Cases
53
8.
Role of State Constitutions and State Constitutional Law
59
Brennan, State Constitutions and the Protection of Individual Rights
59
Latzer, Toward the Decentralization of Criminal Procedure: State Constitutional Law and Selective Incorporation
61
ch. 2
Idea of Due Process
63
Brief History
64
A.
Defining Due Process
66
Hurtado v. California
66
Notes on the Meaning of "Due Process of Law" in Criminal Cases
69
B.
Incorporation
79
Duncan v. Louisiana
79
Notes on Duncan and the Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
83
C.
Residual Due Process Clause
86
Medina v. California
86
Notes and Questions
92
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld
95
Notes and Questions
109
Part Two The Right To Counsel[—]the Linchpin Of Constitutional Protection
113
ch. 3
Right to Counsel and Other Assistance
115
A.
Constitutional Requirements
115
1.
Right to the Assistance of Counsel at Trial
115
Gideon v. Wainwright
117
Notes and Questions
123
Notes on the Gideon Right to Counsel as Applied to Misdemeanors
124
Alabama v. Shelton
130
Notes and Questions
135
2.
Right to the Assistance of Counsel Before and After Trial
135
a.
When Does the Right to Counsel Begin?
136
Rothgery v. Gillespie County, Texas
136
Notes and Questions
138
Notes on the Right to Counsel at Lineups, Show-Ups, and Photo Arrays
138
b.
When Does the Right to Counsel End?
149
B.
Effective Assistance of Counsel
153
1.
Meaning of Effective Assistance
154
Strickland v. Washington
156
Notes and Questions
167
Notes and Questions on the Application of Strickland
176
Notes on Ineffective Assistance, Habeas Corpus, and the Death Penalty
179
Rompilla v. Beard
181
Notes and Questions
183
2.
Multiple Representation
187
Cuyler v. Sullivan
188
Notes and Questions
193
Mickens v. Taylor
195
Notes and Questions
198
3.
Effective Assistance of Counsel and Plea Bargaining
203
Missouri v. Frye
205
Lafler v. Cooper
213
Notes and Questions
224
4.
Right to Effective Counsel as a Basis for Systemic Reform Litigation
226
Hurrell-Harring v. State of New York
229
Notes and Questions
240
Notes on Fairness, Equality, and the Right to Effective Counsel
243
Westen, The Empty Idea of Equality
244
Burton, Comment on "Empty Ideas": Logical Positivist Analysis of Equality and Rules
246
C.
Autonomy, Choice, and the Right to Counsel
250
1.
Right to Proceed Pro Se
250
Notes on Competency and Waiver
255
Indiana v. Edwards
257
Notes and Questions
259
2.
Right to Counsel of One's Choice
260
United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez
260
Notes and Questions
267
Notes on Forfeiture Statutes and the Right to Counsel
268
Part Three The Right To Be Let Alone[—]an Examination Of The Fourth And Fifth Amendments And Related Areas
271
ch. 4
Rise, Fall, and Return of Boyd v. United States
273
Boyd v. United States
274
Notes and Questions
283
Schmerber v. California
287
Warden, Maryland Penitentiary v. Hayden
294
Berger v. New York
300
Notes and Questions
303
Notes and Questions on Doe, Braswell, and Hubbell
313
Conclusion: Notes on the Future of Boyd
319
ch. 5
Fourth Amendment
321
Text and History
322
Remedy and Right
323
A.
Remedies
324
1.
Exclusionary Rule
324
Mapp v. Ohio
324
Notes and Questions
331
2.
Other Remedies
336
a.
Damages
337
b.
Injunctions
339
c.
Criminal Prosecution
341
d.
Administrative and Political Remedies
344
B.
Scope of the Fourth Amendment
346
1.
Meaning of "Searches"
346
a.
Relationship Between Privacy and Property
346
Katz v. United States
346
Notes and Questions
352
Florida v. Riley
357
Notes and Questions
361
Florida v. Jardines
364
Notes and Questions
369
b.
"Knowingly Expose [d] to the Public"
370
United States v. White
371
Notes and Questions
375
California v. Greenwood
377
Notes and Questions
381
c.
Information, Privacy, and the Fourth Amendment
382
Kyllo v. United States
383
Notes and Questions
387
United States v. Jones
390
Notes and Questions
401
2.
Meaning of "Seizures"
404
United States v. Drayton
404
Notes and Questions
409
California v. Hodari D.
412
Notes and Questions
414
C.
Justifying Searches and Seizures
417
Text (Again)
418
1.
Investigative Warrants
420
Oath or Affirmation Requirement
422
Magistrate
423
Particularity Requirement
424
Execution of Warrants
425
Notes on Warrant Execution
426
2.
Probable Cause Standard
432
Illinois v. Gates
435
Notes and Questions
442
3.
Justifying Searches and Seizures Without Warrants
449
a.
Exigent Circumstances
449
Mincey v. Arizona
449
Notes on Exigent Circumstances
452
Kentucky v. King
454
Notes and Questions
461
Brigham City v. Stuart
462
Notes on Exigency and Community Caretaking
465
b.
Plain View
472
Arizona v. Hicks
473
Notes on "Plain View" Doctrine
477
c.
Automobiles
479
California v. Acevedo
482
Notes and Questions
490
Wyoming v. Houghton
492
Notes and Questions
497
d.
Arrests
498
Notes on the Scope of the Arrest Power
504
4.
Justifying Searches and Seizures Without Probable Cause or a Warrant: "Consent"
507
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte
507
Notes and Questions
512
Georgia v. Randolph
516
Notes and Questions
522
5.
Reasonableness and Its Relationship with the Probable Cause and Warrant Clause
525
a.
Administrative Warrants: A Case Study on the Meaning of Reasonableness"
526
Camara v. Municipal Court of the City & County of San Francisco
526
Notes and Questions
530
b.
Stops and Frisks
530
Terry v. Ohio
531
Notes and Questions
541
Notes on the Refinement of "Stop and Frisk"
546
Notes on the Meaning of Reasonable Suspicion
551
Florida v. J L.
551
Notes and Questions
553
Navarette v. California
554
Notes and Questions
558
Illinois v. Wardlow
558
Notes and Questions
564
c.
Police Discretion and Street Policing
565
Kennedy, Race, Crime and the Law
567
Tyler & Wakslak, Profiling and Police Legitimacy: Procedural Justice, Attributions of Motive, and the Acceptance of Social Authority
568
U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Guidance For Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Regarding the Use of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, National Origin, Religion, Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity
570
Whren v. United States
571
Notes and Questions
575
Atwater v. Lago Vista
579
Notes and Questions
589
Notes on Police Discretion and Substantive Criminal Law
590
Chicago v. Morales
593
Notes and Questions
602
6.
Evaluating Individualized Suspicion
604
a.
Searches Incident to Arrest
606
Chimel v. California
607
Notes and Questions
612
Arizona v. Gant
616
Notes and Questions
624
Riley v. California
626
Notes and Questions
642
b.
Checkpoints
643
Indianapolis v. Edmond
644
Notes and Questions
650
c.
"Special Needs," Regulatory, and Administrative Searches
655
Maryland v. King
659
Notes and Questions
671
City of Los Angeles v. Patel
674
Notes and Questions
681
D.
Reasonableness and Police Use of Force
682
Tennessee v. Garner
682
Notes and Questions
687
Graham v. Connor
690
Notes and Questions
693
E.
Scope of the Exclusionary Rule
694
1.
"Good Faith" Exception
694
United States v. Leon
694
Notes and Questions
700
Herring v. United States
702
Notes and Questions
706
Davis v. United States
707
Notes and Questions
714
2.
Standing
715
Minnesota v. Carter
717
Notes and Questions
725
3.
"Fruit of the Poisonous Tree" Doctrine
727
Wong Sun v. United States
727
Notes and Questions
732
Notes on "Fruit of the Poisonous Tree" Doctrine
733
Murray v. United States
736
Notes on the "Independent Source" and "Inevitable Discovery" Doctrines
739
Hudson v. Michigan
741
Notes and Questions
747
4.
Impeachment
748
United States v. Havens
748
Notes and Questions
750
ch. 6
Criminal Investigations in the Fourth Amendment's Shadow
753
A.
Electronic Surveillance and the Search of Digital Information
754
1.
Wiretapping and Related Electronic Surveillance
756
Title III Notes and Questions
758
2.
Search of Stored Electronic Communications and Other Digital Information
761
United States v. Warshak
763
Notes and Questions
772
United States v. Graham
775
Notes and Questions
786
B.
Undercover Agents and Entrapment
789
Jacobson v. United States
791
Notes and Questions
800
ch. 7
Fifth Amendment
805
Text and History
806
A.
Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination and Its Justifications
808
Counselman v. Hitchcock
809
Kastigar v. United States
817
Notes and Questions
821
B.
Contours of the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
825
1.
"No Person... Shall Be Compelled": The Meaning of Compulsion
825
2.
"In Any Criminal Case": The Meaning of Incrimination
826
United States v. Ward
826
Notes on the Meaning of Incrimination
829
3.
"To Be a Witness Against Himself": The Meaning of Testimony
831
4.
Rule that the Fifth Amendment Privilege Must Be Asserted
837
Salinas v. Texas
839
Notes and Questions
843
C.
Limiting, or Expanding, the Fifth Amendment Privilege?
848
Baltimore City Department of Social Services v. Bouknight
851
Notes and Questions
857
D.
Police Interrogation
861
1.
Miranda Revolution
861
Notes on the Due Process Voluntariness Test
863
Watts v. Indiana
865
Massiah v. United States
870
Escobedo v. Illinois
873
Miranda v. Arizona
875
Notes and Questions
887
2.
Scope of Miranda
891
a.
"Custody"
892
J.D.B. v. North Carolina
896
Notes and Questions
900
b.
"Interrogation"
901
Rhode Island v. Innis
901
Notes and Questions
906
Illinois v. Perkins
907
Notes and Questions
911
c.
Warnings
912
d.
Invocations
915
Michigan v. Mosley
915
Edwards v. Arizona
917
Notes and Questions
920
e.
Waivers
929
Moran v. Burbine
929
Notes and Questions
938
Berghuis v. Thompkins
943
Notes and Questions
954
Note on Miranda's Practical Effects
956
3.
Consequences of a Miranda Violation
959
Dickerson v. United States
961
Notes and Questions
965
Missouri v. Seibert
967
United States v. Patane
974
Notes and Questions
978
4.
Right to Counsel Reconsidered
978
Brewer v. Williams
979
Notes and Questions
987
Part Four The Adjudication Process
995
ch. 8
Bail and Pretrial Detention
997
A.
Bail Amounts
998
Stack v. Boyle
998
Notes and Questions
1000
B.
Preventive Detention
1003
United States v. Salerno
1005
Notes and Questions
1015
ch. 9
Charging Decision
1019
A.
Prosecutorial Discretion
1019
1.
Decision to Charge
1022
Inmates of Attica Correctional Facility v. Rockefeller
1022
Notes and Questions
1025
2.
Selecting the Charge
1027
United States v. Batchelder
1028
Notes and Questions
1032
B.
Limits on the Charging Power
1032
United States v. Armstrong
1034
Notes and Questions
1041
ch. 10
Pretrial Screening and the Grand Jury
1049
A.
Background and Current Practice
1049
B.
Grand Jury Secrecy
1053
1.
Scope of the Secrecy Rule
1053
In Re Sealed Case No. 99-3091
1054
Notes and Questions
1060
2.
Exceptions to the Secrecy Rule
1062
C.
Investigative Power
1064
1.
Subpoena Power
1066
United States v. Dionisio
1066
Notes and Questions
1071
United States v. R. Enterprises, Inc.
1072
Notes and Questions
1077
2.
Limits on the Investigative Powers
1078
a.
Immunizing Testimony
1080
Notes and Questions
1082
b.
Documents and the Act of Production
1084
United States v. Hubbell
1086
Notes and Questions
1093
D.
Screening Function
1095
1.
Preliminary Hearings
1095
2.
Grand Jury Review
1100
Costello v. United States
1100
Notes and Questions
1103
United States v. Williams
1105
Notes and Questions
1113
ch. 11
Scope of the Prosecution
1117
A.
Right to a Speedy Trial
1118
Barker v. Wingo
1118
Notes and Questions
1126
Doggett v. United States
1130
Notes and Questions
1138
B.
Venue
1139
1.
Location of the Crime
1139
United States v. Rodriguez-Moreno
1140
Notes and Questions
1144
2.
Changes of Venue
1148
Skilling v. United States
1149
Notes and Questions
1166
C.
Joinder and Severance
1168
United States v. Hawkins
1170
Notes and Questions
1177
Zafiro v. United States
1178
Notes and Questions
1181
ch. 12
Discovery and Disclosure
1185
A.
Disclosure by the Government
1187
1.
Prosecutor's General Discovery Obligations
1187
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: Rule 16
1187
Notes and Questions
1189
2.
Prosecutor's Constitutional Disclosure Obligations
1193
Kyles v. Whitley
1193
Notes and Questions
1206
United States v. Ruiz
1210
Notes and Questions
1213
B.
Disclosure by the Defense
1215
1.
Defense Disclosure and the Constitution
1215
Williams v. Florida
1215
Notes and Questions
1219
2.
Sanctions for Nondisclosure
1221
Taylor v. Illinois
1221
Notes and Questions
1229
ch. 13
Guilty Pleas and Plea Bargaining
1231
A.
Guilty Plea
1232
1.
Rule 11 and the Plea Process
1232
a.
Knowing
1233
Notes and Questions
1234
b.
Voluntary
1236
c.
Factual Basis
1237
North Carolina v. Alford
1238
Notes and Questions
1243
2.
Effect of a Guilty Plea
1247
United State v. Broce
1247
Notes and Questions
1250
B.
Plea Bargaining
1251
1.
History and Practice
1251
Langbein, Understanding the Short History of Plea Bargaining
1251
Notes and Questions
1254
Fisher, Plea Bargaining's Triumph
1254
Notes and Questions
1257
Heumann, Plea Bargaining: The Experiences of Prosecutors, Judges, and Defense Attorneys
1258
Notes and Questions
1263
2.
Inducements to Plead
1263
Brady v. United States
1264
Notes and Questions
1268
Bordenkircher v. Hayes
1271
Notes and Questions
1275
3.
Subject Matter of Plea Bargaining
1278
United States v. Hodge
1279
Notes and Questions
1284
Newton v. Rumery
1287
Notes and Questions
1294
4.
Plea Bargains as Contracts
1295
a.
Contract Formation
1295
Mabry v. Johnson
1295
Notes and Questions
1297
b.
Contract Interpretation
1299
Ricketts v. Adamson
1299
Notes and Questions
1305
c.
Remedies for Breach of Contract
1308
Santobello v. New York
1308
Notes and Questions
1311
C.
Role of Defense Counsel
1313
ch. 14
Jury and the Criminal Trial
1315
A.
Right to a Trial by Jury
1315
Ballew v. Georgia
1318
Notes and Questions
1324
B.
Jury Composition
1327
Notes and Questions on the Impartiality Requirement
1330
1.
Requirement of a Fair Cross Section
1334
Duren v. Missouri
1334
Notes and Questions
1340
2.
Equal Protection and the Peremptory Challenge
1341
Batson v. Kentucky
1341
Notes and Questions
1349
Miller-El v. Dretke
1356
C.
Defendant's Trial Rights
1375
1.
Right to Be Present, to Testify, to Obtain Evidence, to Confront His Accusers, and to Present a Defense
1375
2.
Confrontation Clause
1381
a.
Crawford Revolution
1381
Crawford v. Washington
1382
Davis v. Washington
1390
Notes and Questions
1402
Michigan v. Bryant
1410
Notes and Question
1425
b.
Bruton Rule
1430
Gray v. Maryland
1430
Notes and Questions
1438
D.
Influences Upon the Jury
1439
Darden v. Wainwright
1439
Notes and Questions
1449
E.
Proof and Verdict Issues
1451
1.
Burden of Proof
1452
2.
Unanimity of the Verdict
1454
3.
Consistency of the Verdict; General Verdicts
1455
4.
Impeachment of the Verdict
1456
5.
Post-Verdict Motions
1457
F.
Criminal Trials and Factual Accuracy
1458
Part Five Posttrial Proceedings
1461
ch. 15
Sentencing
1463
A.
Introduction to Sentencing
1463
1.
Sentencing Options
1463
2.
Sentencing Considerations
1468
3.
Substantive Limits on Sentencing[—]Eighth Amendment Proportionality
1469
Ewing v. California
1470
Notes and Questions
1481
Roper v. Simmons
1483
Notes and Questions
1496
B.
Discretion and Rules in Sentencing
1498
Frankel, Lawlessness in Sentencing
1498
U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Special Report: "Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons"
1499
Tacha, Serving This Time: Examining the Federal Sentencing Guidelines After a Decade of Experience
1500
C.
Do the Rules of Constitutional Criminal Procedure Apply to Sentencing?
1502
Williams v. New York
1502
Notes and Questions
1506
Notes on Determinate Sentencing and the Constitution
1509
Blakely v. Washington
1512
United States v. Booker
1515
Notes and Questions
1526
Gall v. United States
1530
Notes and Questions
1541
ch. 16
Double Jeopardy
1549
A.
"Twice Put in Jeopardy"
1550
1.
Acquittals
1550
Fong Foo v. United States
1550
Notes on the Special Status of Acquittals
1552
Ashe v. Swenson
1560
Notes and Questions
1561
2.
Mistrials
1563
Oregon v. Kennedy
1563
Notes and Questions
1566
B.
"For the Same Offence"
1568
Notes on the Rise, Fall, and Rise of the Blockburger Test
1569
United States v. Dixon
1579
Notes and Questions
1584
Notes on Sentencing and the Meaning of "the Same Offence"
1586
C.
Double Jeopardy and the "Dual Sovereignty" Doctrine
1588
Heath v. Alabama
1588
Notes and Questions
1595
D.
Double Jeopardy and the Criminal-Civil Divide
1597
United States v. Ursery
1600
Notes and Questions
1610
ch. 17
Appellate and Collateral Review
1615
A.
Appellate Review
1615
1.
Defendant's Right to Appeal
1615
2.
Prosecution's Right to Appeal
1615
3.
Interlocutory Appeals
1616
4.
What Law Applies?
1617
5.
Prejudice and Harmless Error
1618
Chapman v. California
1618
Notes and Questions
1621
B.
Collateral Review
1630
1.
"Great Writ" of Habeas Corpus
1631
2.
Nature and Purposes of Federal Habeas
1632
Terry Williams v. Taylor
1637
Notes and Questions
1652
3.
Procedural Issues in Federal Habeas
1653
a.
Timing
1653
b.
Exhaustion
1654
c.
Procedural Default
1654
Wainwright v. Sykes
1655
Notes and Questions
1656
d.
Successive Petitions and Abuse of the Writ
1658
e.
"Fundamental Miscarriage of Justice" Exception
1658
f.
Evidentiary Hearings
1659
4.
What Law Applies?
1660
Stone v. Powell
1660
Notes and Questions
1667
5.
Prejudice and Harmless Error
1668
Brecht v. Abrahamson
1668
Notes and Questions
1676
6.
Innocence and the Future of Federal Habeas
1676
United States Constitution (Selected Provisions)
1683
Table of Cases
1687
Table of Authorities
1701
Table of Statutes and Rules
1719
Index
1729