The World Trade Organization : law, practice, and policy / Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J. Schoenbaum, Petros C. Mavroidis, Michael Hahn.
2015
K4610.A31994 M38 2015 (Map It)
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Title
The World Trade Organization : law, practice, and policy / Mitsuo Matsushita, Thomas J. Schoenbaum, Petros C. Mavroidis, Michael Hahn.
Published
Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2015.
Call Number
K4610.A31994 M38 2015
Edition
Third edition.
ISBN
9780199571857
0199571856
0199571856
Description
xci, 849 pages ; 26 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)751124608
Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviated Dispute Names
xiii
Table of WTO and GATT Decisions
xlv
Table of Court and Administrative Decisions
lxiii
Table of WTO and GATT Documents
lxix
Table of Other Treaties
lxxv
List of Abbreviations
lxxxix
Pt1. The World Trade Organization
1
1.
Bretton Woods and the failure of the International Trade Organization
1
2.
GATT becomes an international organization
2
3.
summary of GATT obligations
3
4.
historical context of the GATT
4
5.
need for an international organization concerned with trade
6
6.
GATT tariff negotiating rounds
9
7.
creation of the WTO
9
8.
WTO: functions and structure
11
9.
Ongoing work and activities
16
10.
Principal accomplishments of the GATT/WTO
18
11.
Major challenges confronting the WTO
19
12.
Doha Development Agenda
26
13.
'Bali Package'
27
14.
future of the WTO
27
Pt2. WTO Law and Domestic Law
31
1.
Introduction
31
2.
European Union
33
3.
Japan
41
4.
United States
43
5.
Conclusion
46
Pt3. Sources of Law and Principles of Interpretation
47
1.
Introduction
47
2.
Sources of law applicable in WTO adjudication
50
3.
Interpretative elements (of the WTO sources of law)
63
4.
'self-contained regime' problem
79
5.
Concluding remarks
81
Pt4. Dispute Settlement
83
1.
Introduction
83
2.
Dispute settlement in the GATT
84
3.
WTO dispute settlement
86
Pt5. Enforcement of WTO Obligations: Remedies and Compliance
111
1.
Overview: implementing the DSB's 'recommendations and rulings'
111
2.
Remedies in cases of successful non-violation and situation complaints
113
3.
starting point: rulings and recommendations based on recommendations and suggestions pursuant to DSU Article 19
114
4.
Lex specialis remedies
119
5.
Prompt compliance and the reasonable period of time (RPT)
120
6.
Compliance review pursuant to DSU Article 21.5
127
7.
Enforcement measures pursuant to DSU Article 22
132
8.
Compliance following the adoption of countermeasures
147
9.
sequencing issue: DSU Article 21.5 vs 22.2
148
10.
Conclusions
152
Pt6. Most Favoured Nation Treatment
155
1.
most favoured nation obligation as a manifestation of the principle of non-discrimination
155
2.
GATT Article I
158
3.
MFN in the GATS: preliminary remarks
173
4.
Exceptions to MFN
173
5.
Conclusions
177
Pt7. National Treatment
179
1.
National treatment-a recurring theme in all WTO agreements
179
2.
National treatment pursuant to GATT Article III
182
3.
Article III:2-internal taxation
193
4.
Article III:4-internal laws and regulations
204
5.
Application of Article III to state-trading monopolies
211
6.
Application of Article III national treatment obligations to sub-national units of WTO members
211
7.
relationship between GATT Article III and Article XI
212
8.
Exceptions to the national treatment principle
212
Pt8. Tariffs, Quotas, and Other Barriers to Market Access for Goods
215
1.
Introduction
215
2.
Tariffs and customs rules
216
3.
Non-tariff barriers I: customs-related measures
233
4.
Non-tariff barriers II: quantitative restrictions
239
5.
Non-tariff barriers III: other measures restricting market access
244
Pt9. Agricultural Trade
251
1.
Introduction
251
2.
Historical context
253
3.
Non-trade concerns in agricultural trade ('multifunctionality')
256
4.
Agreement on Agriculture: an overview
258
5.
Agreement on Agriculture's market access provisions
261
6.
Agreement on Agriculture's domestic support provisions
269
7.
Agreement on Agriculture's export competition provisions
274
8.
Review and remedies
287
9.
Special treatment of developing countries
289
10.
changing interests in agriculture and the Doha Round negotiations
289
Pt10. Subsidies and Countervailing Duties
299
1.
power of the purse
299
2.
scope of the SCM Agreement: specific subsidies
304
3.
Prohibited subsidies ('red light subsidies')
329
4.
Actionable subsidies ('yellow light subsidies')
337
5.
Counteracting subsidies: the multilateral track
354
6.
Counteracting subsidies: countervailing duties as a unilateral option
359
7.
Special and differential treatment
372
8.
Institutional set-up
372
Pt11. Antidumping
375
1.
What is dumping?
375
2.
regulation of antidumping duties
379
3.
Criminal penalties and private remedies
401
4.
Conclusions
405
Pt12. Safeguards
409
1.
Introduction
409
2.
legal and policy framework for safeguards in the GATT/WTO regime
410
3.
GATT Article XIX and the Agreement on Safeguards
410
4.
Safeguard measures for balance of payment reasons
426
5.
Safeguard measures in textile and clothing trade
430
6.
Prohibition on voluntary export restraints
430
Pt13. Technical Regulations, Standards, and Health Measures
433
1.
role of the TBT and SPS Agreements
433
2.
legal relationship between the GATT, TBT, and SPS
434
3.
TBT Agreement
436
4.
SPS Agreement
464
5.
Conclusions
503
Pt14. Preferential Trade Agreements
507
1.
Disciplining preferential trade agreements
507
2.
negotiating history of GATT Article XXIV
508
3.
view from the world of economics
509
4.
test for compliance
513
5.
PTAs in WTO dispute settlement
527
Pt15. Export Measures and Controls
535
1.
Introduction
535
2.
Cases
537
3.
WTO Rules on export measures
541
4.
Export tariffs
542
5.
Natural resources
543
6.
Agricultural commodities
547
7.
Security exceptions
548
8.
Preferential trade agreements and export restrictions
553
9.
Conclusions
554
Pt16. Trade in Services
555
1.
Introduction to the GATS and trade in services
555
2.
relationship between the GATT and the GATS
559
3.
scope of the GATS: liberalization of trade in services
560
4.
General obligations
567
5.
Specific commitments
585
6.
General exceptions
613
7.
Overview: specific rules for telecommunications and financial services
621
8.
Conclusions
632
Pt17. Intellectual Property
633
1.
Introduction
634
2.
Types of intellectual property rights addressed in the TRIPs Agreement
636
3.
Overview of the TRIPs Agreement
640
4.
Institutional arrangements
641
5.
Provisions relating to developing countries
642
6.
Public policy criticisms
643
7.
general principles of the TRIPs Agreement
659
8.
Minimum substantive standards
661
9.
Enforcement of intellectual property rights under the TRIPs Agreement
668
10.
Exhaustion of intellectual property rights
671
11.
Restrictive business practices
671
12.
Conclusions
673
Pt18. Government Procurement
675
1.
Government Procurement Agreement as a plurilateral agreement
675
2.
background of the Government Procurement Agreement
677
3.
2012 Government Procurement Agreement
679
4.
Domestic implementation
684
5.
Dispute settlement in relation to the Government Procurement Agreement
687
Pt19. Developing Countries
695
1.
Bifurcating the GATT obligations
695
2.
Part IV and the Enabling Clause
698
3.
Enabling Clause in practice: the GSP schemes
701
4.
Other provisions on special and differential treatment
708
5.
Institutional provisions
709
6.
limits of WTO involvement
713
Pt20. Environmental Protection and Trade
715
1.
Introduction
716
2.
Environmentalist trade demands: a critical analysis
719
3.
environmental impact of trade
719
4.
Tuna Dolphin cases: a false start
722
5.
WTO approach under the GATT 1994
724
6.
Multilateral and bilateral environmental agreements
731
7.
Unilateral measures
733
8.
Energy
734
9.
Protection of natural resources
739
10.
Environmental standards and process and production methods
745
11.
Recycling and packaging
752
12.
Eco-labelling
753
13.
export of hazardous substances and wastes
755
14.
Environmental taxes
759
15.
Border tax adjustment in support of climate change legislation
763
16.
Conclusions
768
Pt21. Trade and Investment
769
1.
Trade and investment in the GATT/WTO: from high hopes to modest steps
769
2.
Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs)
774
3.
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
780
4.
Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM)
784
5.
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs)
784
6.
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)
785
7.
Outlook
785
Pt22. Competition Policy and Trade
787
1.
Introduction
787
2.
Anti-competitive conduct that adversely affects international trade
788
3.
Provisions on competition policy in the WTO agreements
790
4.
Extraterritorial application of domestic competition law
795
5.
Trade policy/laws and competition policy
800
6.
Competition policy and international cooperation in the WTO
815
7.
Concluding remarks
821
Index
823