The human right to water : a legal comparative perspective at the international, regional and domestic level / Jimena Murillo Chávarro.
2015
K3260 .M87 2015 (Map It)
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Title
The human right to water : a legal comparative perspective at the international, regional and domestic level / Jimena Murillo Chávarro.
Published
Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland : Intersentia, [2015]
Copyright
©2015
Call Number
K3260 .M87 2015
ISBN
9781780682976
1780682972
1780682972
Description
xxviii, 381 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)905487192
Summary
"This book summarises the history of the human right to water and examines its main content and the obligations that derive from this right. The main purpose of the recognition of the human right to water is to guarantee to everyone access to sufficient, safe and affordable drinking water to satisfy personal and domestic uses. This book discusses whether the human right to water is recognised as a derivative right or as an independent right at three levels - at universal, regional and domestic - where human rights are recognised and enforced. At the domestic level a case study approach has been used with focus on Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Colombia. Freshwater resources are not static; they are constantly flowing and crossing international boundaries. This situation and the relative scarcity of water resources have a direct impact on a state's capacity to realise the human right to water. The human right to water is examined in a transboundary water context, where the use and management of an international watercourse in one riparian state can directly or indirectly affect the human right to water in another riparian state. For this reason, this book analyses whether the core principles of international water law can be used to contribute to the realisation of the extraterritorial application of the right to water"--Page 4 of cover.
Note
"This book summarises the history of the human right to water and examines its main content and the obligations that derive from this right. The main purpose of the recognition of the human right to water is to guarantee to everyone access to sufficient, safe and affordable drinking water to satisfy personal and domestic uses. This book discusses whether the human right to water is recognised as a derivative right or as an independent right at three levels - at universal, regional and domestic - where human rights are recognised and enforced. At the domestic level a case study approach has been used with focus on Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Colombia. Freshwater resources are not static; they are constantly flowing and crossing international boundaries. This situation and the relative scarcity of water resources have a direct impact on a state's capacity to realise the human right to water. The human right to water is examined in a transboundary water context, where the use and management of an international watercourse in one riparian state can directly or indirectly affect the human right to water in another riparian state. For this reason, this book analyses whether the core principles of international water law can be used to contribute to the realisation of the extraterritorial application of the right to water"--Page 4 of cover.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 355-376) and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations
xiii
Table of Cases and Other Materials
xv
Table of Treaties and Other Instruments
xxiii
ch. 1
General Introduction
1
1.1.
Research questions
3
1.2.
Methodology
4
1.3.
Structure of the study
6
ch. 2
Emergence, Definition and Core Content of the Human Right to Water
7
2.1.
Introduction
7
2.2.
Emergence of the human right to water
8
2.3.
Definition and core content of the human right to water
17
2.3.1.
Elements of the Right to Water
19
2.3.1.1.
Availability
19
2.3.1.2.
Quality and acceptability
22
2.3.1.3.
Accessibility
25
2.3.1.3.1.
Information accessibility
25
2.3.1.3.2.
Physical accessibility
25
2.3.1.3.3.
Affordability
27
2.4.
State's obligations concerning the human right to water
29
2.4.1.
Typology of human rights obligations at national level
29
2.4.1.1.
Obligation to respect
31
2.4.1.2.
Obligation to protect
32
2.4.1.3.
Obligation to fulfil
36
2.4.1.4.
Core obligations
38
2.5.
Conclusions
40
ch. 3
Recognition of the Human Right to Water at the International Level
43
3.1.
Introduction
43
3.2.
Recognition of the right to water
44
3.2.1.
Implicit recognition of the right to water
44
3.2.1.1.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
44
3.2.1.2.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
46
3.2.1.3.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
48
3.2.2.
Explicit recognition of the right to water
54
3.2.2.1.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979)
55
3.2.2.2.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)
58
3.2.2.3.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006)
60
3.2.2.4.
Reports, guidelines, and studies on the right to water within the UN bodies
65
3.2.2.5.
UN General Assembly Resolutions
69
3.2.3.
Interaction between soft law and hard law instruments
72
3.3.
Implementation of the right to water in international human rights law
73
3.3.1.
Reporting under universal human rights conventions
74
3.3.1.1.
Reporting under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
77
3.3.1.1.1.
Functioning
77
3.3.1.1.2.
Practice
78
3.3.1.2.
Reporting under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
84
3.3.1.2.1.
Functioning
84
3.3.1.2.2.
Practice
86
3.3.1.3.
Reporting under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
94
3.3.1.3.1.
Functioning
94
3.3.1.3.2.
Practice
94
3.3.1.4.
Reporting under the Convention on the Rights of the Child
99
3.3.1.4.1.
Functioning
99
3.3.1.4.2.
Practice
100
3.3.1.5.
Reporting under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
105
3.3.1.5.1.
Functioning
105
3.3.1.5.2.
Practice
105
3.3.2.
Contentious cases under universal human rights conventions
109
3.3.2.1.
Individual communications under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
111
3.3.2.2.
Individual communications under the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
113
3.3.2.3.
Individual communications under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
114
3.3.2.4.
Individual communications under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
114
3.4.
Independent right to water in customary international law?
115
3.5.
Conclusions
125
ch. 4
Recognition of the Human Right to Water at the Regional Level
127
4.1.
Introduction
127
4.2.
European human rights system and UNECE
130
4.2.1.
Recognition of the right to water at the European level in regional declarations, statements, resolutions and action plans
131
4.2.1.1.
Council of Europe
131
4.2.1.2.
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
134
4.2.2.
Recognition of the right to water in conventions adopted at the European level
136
4.2.2.1.
European Convention on Human Rights
137
4.2.2.2.
European Social Charter (Revised)
137
4.2.2.3.
European Convention on the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
139
4.2.2.4.
Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
140
4.3.
Inter-American human rights system
142
4.3.1.
Recognition of the right to water in regional declarations, statements, resolutions and action plans
146
4.3.2.
Recognition of the right to water in conventions adopted under the Inter-American system
148
4.4.
African human rights system
149
4.4.1.
Recognition of the right to water in regional declarations, statements, resolutions and action plans
151
4.4.2.
Recognition of the right to water in conventions adopted under the African system
152
4.4.2.1.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
153
4.4.2.2.
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
153
4.4.2.3.
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
153
4.5.
Implementation of the right to water in regional human rights law
154
4.5.1.
Contentious procedures under regional human rights instruments
155
4.5.1.1.
European human rights system
155
4.5.1.1.1.
Cruel inhumane or degrading treatment
155
4.5.1.1.2.
Right to respect for private and family life
158
4.5.1.1.3.
Right to fair trial (right to property)
163
4.5.1.1.4.
Right to housing
164
4.5.1.2.
Inter-American human rights system
168
4.5.1.2.1.
Cruel inhuman or degrading treatment
168
4.5.1.2.2.
Right to life
175
4.5.1.3.
African human rights system
182
4.5.1.3.1.
Right to dignity (cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)
183
4.5.1.3.2.
Right to health
184
4.5.1.3.3.
Right to a healthy environment
187
4.5.1.3.4.
Right to development
188
4.6.
Independent right to water in regional customary law?
190
4.7.
Conclusions
195
ch. 5
Recognition of the Human Right to Water at the Domestic Level: a Case Study Approach
199
5.1.
Introduction
199
5.2.
Recognition of the human right to water in national legal systems
201
5.2.1.
Argentina
201
5.2.1.1.
Recognition of the right to water
203
5.2.1.2.
Mechanisms to protect the right to water
206
5.2.2.
Chile
207
5.2.2.1.
Recognition of the right to water
213
5.2.2.2.
Mechanisms to protect the right to water
215
5.2.3.
Colombia
218
5.2.3.1.
Recognition of the right to water
220
5.2.3.2.
Mechanisms to protect the right to water
223
5.2.4.
Bolivia
226
5.2.4.1.
Cochabamba and the water war
230
5.2.4.2.
Recognition of the right to water
234
5.2.4.3.
Mechanisms to protect the right to water
236
5.3.
Implementation of the right to water at domestic level
239
5.3.1.
Contentious cases in domestic courts
240
5.3.1.1.
Argentina
241
5.3.1.1.1.
Access to water
241
5.3.1.1.2.
Availability and disconnection of water services
244
5.3.1.1.3.
Economic access
248
5.3.1.1.4.
Water quality
252
5.3.1.1.5.
Public participation
254
5.3.1.2.
Chile
255
5.3.1.2.1.
Access to water
255
5.3.1.2.2.
Availability and disconnection of water service
257
5.3.1.2.3.
Economic access
259
5.3.1.2.4.
Water quality
261
5.3.1.3.
Colombia
262
5.3.1.3.1.
Access to water
262
5.3.1.3.2.
Availability and disconnection of water services
263
5.3.1.3.3.
Economic access
266
5.3.1.3.4.
Water quality
269
5.3.1.4.
Bolivia
270
5.3.1.4.1.
Access to water
270
5.3.1.4.2.
Availability and disconnection of drinking water services
271
5.3.1.4.3.
Economic access
274
5.3.1.4.4.
Water quality
275
5.4.
Independent right at the domestic level?
275
5.5.
Conclusions
278
ch. 6
Extraterritorial Application of the Human Right to Water in a Transboundary Watercourse Context
283
6.1.
Introduction
283
6.2.
Typology of human rights obligations at the international level
284
6.2.1.
Legal basis for the international human rights obligations of the economic, social and cultural rights
285
6.2.1.1.
UN Charter
286
6.2.1.2.
Universal Declaration on Human Rights
288
6.2.1.3.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
289
6.2.2.
Authoritative interpretation of the CESCR concerning international obligations
293
6.2.2.1.
International obligation to respect
295
6.2.2.2.
International obligation to protect
296
6.2.2.3.
International obligation to fulfil
297
6.3.
human right to water in a transboundary watercourse context
299
6.3.1.
Extraterritorial causes that impact the human right to water
300
6.3.2.
International water law as the legal framework for cooperation in the management and use of transboundary watercourses
302
6.3.2.1.
Principle of equitable and reasonable utilisation of waters
302
6.3.2.2.
no significant harm rule
307
6.3.2.3.
obligation to cooperate
311
6.3.3.
Are international obligations on the human right to water conflicting with the principles of international water law?
312
6.3.4.
Remedies
323
6.3.4.1.
Mechanisms used by states
323
6.3.4.1.1.
Inter-state mechanisms in international water law
323
6.3.4.1.2.
Inter-state mechanisms in human rights law
325
6.3.4.2.
Actions initiated by individuals against foreign states
331
6.3.4.2.1.
Individual complaints under international water law
331
6.3.4.2.2.
Individual complaints under human rights law
335
6.4.
Conclusions
337
ch. 7
General Conclusions
341
7.1.
Recognition of the human right to water under human rights law
341
7.2.
Extraterritorial application of the human right to water and its relationship with international water law
348
7.3.
Overall conclusion
353
Bibliography
355
Index
377