The contribution of international fisheries law to human development : an analysis of multilateral and ACP-EU fisheries instruments / by Nienke van der Burgt.
2013
K3895 .B87 2013 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
The contribution of international fisheries law to human development : an analysis of multilateral and ACP-EU fisheries instruments / by Nienke van der Burgt.
Published
Leiden : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2013.
Call Number
K3895 .B87 2013
ISBN
9789004196025 (hardback ; alk. paper)
9004196021 (hardback ; alk. paper)
9789004196032 (e-book)
9004196021 (hardback ; alk. paper)
9789004196032 (e-book)
Description
xxxix, 391 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)804145925
Note
Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2010.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages375-388) and index.
Record Appears in
Gift
Purchased from the income of the Beinecke Fund
Gift
The Arthur W. Diamond Law Library
Purchased from the income of the Beinecke Fund
Table of Contents
Series Editor's Preface
xv
Acknowledgements
xvii
List of Abbreviations
xix
List of Treaties and Other International Legal Instruments
xxiii
List of Bilateral ACP-EU Fisheries Agreements
xxxiii
ch. 1
Introduction
1
1.
Fisheries and Human Development
1
1.1.
Overarching Concept of Sustainable Development
1
1.2.
Human Development
2
1.3.
Fisheries and Concerns of Human Development
3
1.4.
Small-Scale Fisheries and Human Development
5
2.
Contribution of International Fisheries Law to Human Development
7
2.1.
Indicators of Human Development
7
2.2.
Contemporary International Fisheries Law: Review of Legal Fisheries Instruments
10
2.3.
Comparing Different Types of Legal Instruments
14
3.
Outline
15
pt. One
Contextual Framework of Sustainable Development and International Fisheries Law
17
ch. 2
Conceptualisation of Sustainable Development in Fisheries Law
19
1.
Introduction
19
2.
Legal Conceptualisation of Sustainable Development
20
2.1.
Defining Sustainable Development
21
2.2.
Status of Sustainable Development
22
2.3.
Pillars of Sustainable Development
24
2.4.
Scope of Sustainable Development
26
3.
International Conferences Setting the Standards
27
3.1.
From Stockholm to Rio
28
3.2.
1992 Rio Conference
29
3.3.
After the Rio Conference
33
4.
Formulation of Sustainable Development in Legal Fisheries Instruments
36
4.1.
Fisheries Treaties
36
4.2.
Other Legally Relevant Fisheries Instruments
42
5.
Conclusion: Sustainable Use as Part of Sustainable Development
45
ch. 3
Human Development Pillar of Sustainable Development
49
1.
Introduction
49
2.
Evolution of Development Thinking
50
2.1.
1950s and 1960s: The Emergence of the Third World
51
2.2.
1970s: From Income to Basic Needs
54
2.3.
1980s: The Right to Development
56
2.4.
Multidimensional Approach of the 1990s
58
2.5.
New Millennium: Prioritising Poverty Eradication
59
3.
Human Development and Human Rights
61
3.1.
Gradual Inclusion of Poverty in the Human Rights Discourse
62
3.2.
Centralisation of Human Rights in Development
64
4.
Exploring the Core Principles of Human Development
66
4.1.
Exploring the Human Developmental Pillar of Sustainable Development
67
4.2.
Principle of Equity
69
4.3.
Principles Aiming at Poverty Eradication
75
4.4.
Participatory Rights
83
5.
Conclusion: The Symbiosis between Human Development and Human Rights
89
ch. 4
Human Development and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector
93
1.
Introduction
93
2.
Understanding the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector
95
2.1.
Small-Scale Fisheries Sector in Developing Countries
95
2.2.
Challenge of Definition
97
2.3.
Relative Definition or Consensus?
105
3.
Relation between Poverty and Small-Scale Fisheries
107
3.1.
Underlying Assumptions in the Relation between Fisheries and Poverty
108
3.2.
Small-Scale Fisheries as a Transitional Phase
111
4.
Gradual Broadening of the Poverty Concept in Fisheries Law
113
5.
Conclusion: The Challenge of Integrating Small-Scale Fisheries in Legal Instruments
117
pt. Two
International Law Perspective on Human Development in Fisheries Law
121
ch. 5
Legal Framework of the Exclusive Economic Zone
123
1.
Introduction
123
2.
Early Codification of Fisheries Zones
125
2.1.
International Efforts prior to UNCLOS III
126
2.2.
Key Unilateral and Regional Policies Affecting the EEZ Concept
135
2.3.
Evolution of the EEZ Concept: The Impact of Developing Countries
139
3.
1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea as a Legal Framework
142
3.1.
Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea
142
3.2.
Article 56: Rights, Jurisdiction, and Duties of the Coastal State
144
3.3.
Articles 61 and 62: Optimum Utilisation without Under-Utilisation and Over-Exploitation
147
3.3.1.
Optimum Utilisation of Marine Living Resources
148
3.3.2.
Building Blocks of Optimum Utilisation
152
3.4.
Articles 69 and 70: Participation of Landlocked and Geographically Disadvantaged States
157
3.5.
EEZ Fisheries and Dispute Settlement
163
4.
Conclusion: The Contribution of the EEZ Regime to Human Development
164
ch. 6
Human Development in Multilateral Fisheries Instruments
167
1.
Introduction
167
2.
Principle of Equity
169
2.1.
Equity as Overarching Objective
170
2.2.
Equity among States: Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
175
2.2.1.
Taking into Account the Interests and Needs of Developing Countries
175
2.2.2.
Provide Assistance to Developing States
179
2.3.
Equity within States: Identification of Stakeholders
184
2.3.1.
Due Consideration to Local Fishing Communities in Developing Countries
185
2.4.
Optimum Utilisation of Marine Living Resources
190
3.
Principle of Poverty Eradication
194
3.1.
Food Security
194
3.2.
Safety at Sea
200
4.
Principle of Participation
207
4.1.
Participation as Access to Information
207
4.1.1.
Education and Awareness
208
4.1.2.
Participation in Decision Making and Access to Relevant Information
209
4.2.
Participation among States
211
4.3.
Participation within States
213
4.3.1.
Capacity Building within States
213
4.3.2.
Participation of Women
216
5.
Conclusion: A Gradual Inclusion of Human Development in Multilateral Fisheries Instruments
218
pt. Three
Integration of Human Development in European External Fisheries Policies
223
ch. 7
EU's External Fisheries Policy and the ACP-EU Relations
225
1.
Introduction
225
2.
CFPs Responsibility for Fishing Activities in ACP Waters
227
2.1.
Legal Basis and Competences
228
2.1.1.
Road towards a CFP: Developments until 1983
231
2.1.2.
Competence to Enter into International Fisheries Agreements
232
2.2.
External CFP until the 2002 Reform
234
2.2.1.
Establishment of a Comprehensive CFP: The 1983 Regulation
234
2.2.2.
Continued Policies through the 1992 Regulation
235
2.3.
2001 Green Paper: Discussing Past Shortcomings and Future Objectives
237
2.3.1.
Approach towards Developing Countries
239
2.3.2.
Requirements of Coherence
241
2.4.
External CFP after the 2002 Reform
243
2.5.
2012 CFP Reform
244
3.
Sustainable Development and the Principle of Coherence
250
3.1.
External Dimension of Sustainable Development
250
3.2.
Coherence between Environment and Development?
255
4.
2000 Cotonou Agreement
259
4.1.
Cotonou Agreement and Human Development
260
4.2.
Cotonou Agreement and Fisheries
262
5.
Generations of Bilateral Fisheries Agreements
263
5.1.
First and Second Generation Fisheries Agreements
264
5.2.
Increasing Criticism
265
5.3.
Third and Fourth Generation Fisheries Agreements
270
6.
Conclusion: The CFP as a Basis for Human Development?
270
ch. 8
Human Development in Bilateral ACP-EU Fisheries Instruments
273
1.
Introduction
273
2.
Equitable ACP-EU Relation
277
2.1.
Mutual Interest in the Fishing Activities
278
2.2.
Financial Compensation
281
2.3.
Rational Exploitation and Responsible Fishing
292
2.4.
New Consultations after Changing Stocks Situations
297
3.
Principle of Poverty Eradication
301
3.1.
Reference to Local Fishing Communities and Food Security
302
3.1.1.
Inclusion of the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector
303
3.1.2.
National and Local Food Security
307
3.1.3.
Duty to Land Catch
308
3.2.
Training of ACP Personnel
313
3.2.1.
ACP Observers on Board
313
3.2.2.
ACP Fishermen on Board
318
3.3.
Port Equipment and Use of Supplies and Services
323
4.
Principle of Participation
325
4.1.
Regional Cooperation and Capacity Building
325
4.2.
Joint Ventures
327
4.3.
Social Governance
330
4.3.1.
Policy Dialogue
330
4.3.2.
Transparency
331
4.3.3.
Participation of Women
332
5.
Conclusion: A Minimal Inclusion of Human Development in ACP-EU Fisheries Instruments
333
ch. 9
Conclusion: Normative Consensus on Human Development in Legal Fisheries Instruments
339
1.
Need to Strengthen Human Development in International Fisheries Law
339
2.
Cornerstones of Human Development
340
2.1.
Normative Consensus
340
2.1.1.
Intra-Generational Equity
340
2.1.2.
Optimum Utilisation of Marine Living Resources
342
2.2.
Normative Consensus on Poverty Eradication
343
2.2.1.
Food Security and Related Human Rights
344
2.2.2.
Safety at Sea
344
2.3.
Normative Consensus on Participation
345
2.3.1.
Access to Information
345
2.3.2.
Capacity Building and Empowerment
346
3.
Assessment of Normative Consensus
347
4.
Differentiation of Approaches in Fisheries Instruments
350
5.
Immature Human Development Pillar and the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector
352
5.1.
Reference to the Local Fishing Communities
352
5.2.
Absence of Definition
353
5.3.
Limited Poverty Perceptions
354
6.
Reformulating the Human Dimension of International Fisheries Law
355
Appendices
359
I.
2002 ILA New Delhi Declaration of Principles of International Law Relating to Sustainable Development
361
II.
Overview Fisheries Instruments Subject to Analysis in Chapters 6 and 8
368
Tables of the Multilateral Fisheries Instruments subject to Analysis in Chapter 6
368
Tables of the ACP-EU Bilateral Fisheries Agreements Subject to Analysis in Chapter 8
370
Bibliography
375
Index
389