Enforcement of patents on geographically divisible inventions : an inquiry into the standard of substantive patent law infringement in cross-border constellations / Agnieszka Kupzok.
2015
K1536 .K86 2015 (Map It)
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Details
Title
Enforcement of patents on geographically divisible inventions : an inquiry into the standard of substantive patent law infringement in cross-border constellations / Agnieszka Kupzok.
Published
Frankfurt am Main : PL Academic Research, Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH, [2015]
Call Number
K1536 .K86 2015
ISBN
9783631655573 (pbk.)
3631655576 (pbk.)
9783653047325 (online)
3653047323 (online)
3631655576 (pbk.)
9783653047325 (online)
3653047323 (online)
Description
442 pages ; 21 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)922662319
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references.
Series
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Table of Figures
19
1.
Introduction
21
Motivation
23
2.
Conceptual underpinnings
27
2.1.
Justifications of a system for patent protection
27
2.2.
Importance of patent enforcement within the patent law regime
37
2.3.
Changes in the socio-economic context
40
2.4.
Enforcement in transborder network constellations
48
Cross-border enforcement of patents in Europe
53
Transborder infringement of patents
59
2.5.
Outline of the legal problem: enforcement of territorially limited patents on geographically divisible inventions and global computer networks
60
3.
Research question and structure
65
Focus on formal enforcement mechanisms
67
Concept of infringement
69
Focus on German and United Kingdom law
70
Definitional aspect: software versus computer-implemented inventions
72
Differentiation from existing research
75
Research Structure
79
4.
Research Context
81
4.1.
Literature Review
81
4.2.
Enforcement of patent rights
88
4.2.1.
Territoriality principle and patent enforcement
94
4.3.
Patent Rights in the International Legal Order
102
International Agreements: Paris, PCT, and TRIPS
105
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS)
107
4.4.
Patent Rights at the regional, European level
114
4.4.1.
European Patent Convention
117
4.4.2.
Chronology of efforts to develop a patent system for the European Union
119
Community Patent Convention
122
4.4.3.
Unitary Patent Package
125
Unitary Patent Protection
125
Unified Patent Court
128
Objections raised by the Kingdom of Spain and the Republic of Italy
131
Objections raised by the Republic of Poland
132
Objections to Arts 6-8 being included in the text of the Regulation
136
Discussion
139
4.5.
Conditions for patent enforcement in the European Union
142
Harmonization of patent enforcement at the EU level - Directive 2004/48/EC
144
Patent enforcement by customs and border control measures at the EU level - Regulation 1383/2003
148
4.6.
Internet as a factor in the technological shift in paradigm
149
4.6.1.
Overview of the Internet development
149
4.6.2.
Internet as a technology
157
4.6.3.
Regulation in the cloud: legal and socio-economic aspects of cyberspace
160
Cyberspace and Sovereignty
162
4.6.4.
Internet as a factor in patent enforcement
170
4.6.5.
Geographically divisible inventions (GDIs)/Remotely integrated inventions
173
Characteristics
173
4.6.6.
Computer programs
176
4.6.7.
Conclusions on the Context of this Research
185
5.
Patent Infringement
187
5.1.
Determining patent infringement - a conceptual overview
188
5.1.1.
All elements rule
190
5.1.2.
Impact of the EPC on national patent infringement proceedings
190
5.2.
National Context - Germany
196
5.2.1.
Introduction
196
5.2.2.
Structure of the German Patent System
197
5.2.3.
Territorial nature of patents under German law
198
5.3.
National Context - United Kingdom
198
5.3.1.
Introduction
198
5.3.2.
Structure of United Kingdom Patent System
201
5.3.3.
Territorial nature of patents under UK law
203
5.4.
Direct Infringement of a Patent
203
5.4.1.
Direct Patent Infringement under German law([§]9 PatG)
203
Literal infringement
204
Infringement by Doctrine of Equivalents
204
Direct infringement of product patents
209
Direct infringement of product-by-process claim
217
Direct infringement of a process patent
222
All elements rule in German patent law
223
5.4.2.
Direct Infringement under UK law (Art. 60 (1) 1977 UK Patent Act)
224
Literal
224
By Purposive Construction
225
Direct infringement of a product patent
228
Direct infringement of a process patent
237
Direct infringement of a product by process patent
238
5.5.
Indirect Patent Infringement
238
5.5.1.
Indirect Infringement in Germany ([§]10 PatG)
238
5.5.2.
Indirect Infringement under UK law (Art. 60 (2) 1977 UK Patent Act)
253
5.6.
Other forms of liability for patent infringement
259
5.6.1.
Other forms of liability - Germany
259
Joint and vicarious liability
262
Criminal liability
263
5.6.2.
Other forms of liability - United Kingdom
263
Joint tortfeasorship
264
5.7.
Conclusions from comparative analysis of substantive patent infringement provisions in Germany and the United Kingdom
265
6.
Infringement of patents on geographically divisible inventions
269
6.1.
German jurisprudence: Prepaid Cards II
269
6.2.
UK jurisprudence: Menashe v. William Hill
274
6.3.
Discussion
278
6.4.
Geographically divisible inventions in the American jurisprudence
281
6.4.1.
NTP v. RIM
282
6.4.2.
Akamai Tech. v Limelight Netw
289
6.5.
Conclusions based on case law exploration
294
Infringement constellations for further consideration
294
Approaches developed by the Courts
294
7.
Policy implications
299
7.1.
Introduction
299
7.2.
Current Legislative Proposals
299
Unitary patent protection
300
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)
303
7.3.
Alternatives to patent-based protection of inventions
304
7.4.
Patent-based protection
308
7.4.1.
Assessment framework
308
7.4.2.
Criteria
314
Patent theory - theoretical underpinnings
314
Objectives of patent enforcement
317
International Obligations
320
Economic considerations
321
7.5.
Appraisal of solutions provided in the literature
323
Lemley et al. - divided infringement
323
Teter - perspective claims
326
Wasserman - extension of extraterritoriality
327
Robins - Institutional solution
328
Dreyfuss - full harmonization of substantive patent law
329
Haupt - key element test
330
7.6.
Discussion
332
7.7.
Recommendation
334
Amendment proposal
334
Amendment evaluation
338
7.8.
Final Considerations
342
8.
Conclusion
347
Zusammenfassung der Dissertation
353
Bibliography
371
Literature
371
Case law
408
Court of Justice of the European Union
408
Germany
410
Federal Supreme Court of Germany (Bundesgerichtshof)
410
German Federal Patent Court
413
Appeals Courts (Oberlandesgerichte)
413
District Courts (Landesgerichte)
414
United Kingdom
415
House of Lords/Supreme Court (since Oct. 2009)
415
Court of Appeals of England and Wales
415
High Court of Justice of England and Wales
416
United States
418
United States Court of Claims
418
Supreme Court of the United States
418
Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
419
United States International Trade Commission
419
Legal documents
419
International Agreements
419
European Union Documents
421
Directives
421
Regulations
422
National Legal Texts
423
Draft Legal Texts
423
Abbreviations
425
Annex 1 National patent laws
431
Annex 2 Unitary patent: infringement provisions
441