Interpreting environmental offences : the need for certainty / Emma Lees.
2015
KD3372 .L44 2015 (Map It)
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Items
Details
Author
Title
Interpreting environmental offences : the need for certainty / Emma Lees.
Published
Oxford ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2015.
Copyright
©2015
Call Number
KD3372 .L44 2015
ISBN
9781849467377 (hardback)
1849467374 (hardback)
9781782259121 (e-book)
1782259120 (e-book)
9781782259114 (PDF)
1782259112 (PDF)
1849467374 (hardback)
9781782259121 (e-book)
1782259120 (e-book)
9781782259114 (PDF)
1782259112 (PDF)
Description
xx, 236 pages ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)898163032
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 209-230) and index.
Record Appears in
Variant Title
Interpreting environmental offenses
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
v
Table of Cases
xi
Table of Legislation and Conventions
xvii
1.
Introduction
1
I.
Structure
5
II.
Motivation, Scope and Methodology
8
A.
Motivation
8
B.
Scope
11
C.
Approach to Analysis
15
2.
Environmental Criminal Law in Context
18
I.
Property and Environmental Law
19
II.
Human Rights and the Environment
24
III.
Questions of Risk
27
IV.
Jurisdictional Overlap[—]National Law and EU Law
30
V.
Interpretation and Judicial Reasoning
33
VI.
Criminal Law and Environmental Law
34
VII.
Conclusion
38
3.
Legal Certainty
40
I.
Defining Legal Certainty
40
A.
Perfect Certainty
41
B.
Certainty and Predictability
41
C.
Certainty in Context
46
II.
Transparency and Accessibility in National and European Case Law
47
III.
Certainty in Environmental Law
51
A.
Perception of Immaturity
52
B.
Dissatisfaction Amongst Wider Legal and Business Community
54
C.
Interaction with Science
56
D.
Tackling the Problem of Administrative Complexity
57
IV.
Conclusions
58
4.
Waste, Nature Conservation and Contaminated Land: The Offences
60
I.
Waste
60
II.
Contaminated Land
63
III.
Nature Conservation
67
A.
National Law Designation
69
B.
EU Law Designation
70
5.
Uncertainty in Interpretation
75
I.
Uncertainty in Practice
75
A.
Waste
76
i.
Case-by-Case Decision-Making
76
ii.
Abdication of Responsibility for Providing Certainty
80
iii.
Reluctance to Articulate Reasons
81
iv.
Hard to Reconcile Outcomes
83
B.
Contaminated Land
85
i.
Case-by-Case Decision-Making
85
ii.
Abdication of Responsibility
86
iii.
Reluctance to State Reasons
87
iv.
Hard to Reconcile Outcomes
88
C.
Nature Conservation
89
i.
Case-by-Case Decision-Making
90
ii.
Abdication of Responsibility
91
iii.
Reluctance to Provide Reasons
91
iv.
Hard to Reconcile Outcomes
92
D.
Conclusions
93
II.
Teleological Approach in the Courts
93
A.
Waste
93
i.
Purposive Interpretation
93
ii.
Dissatisfaction with the Purposive Approach
95
B.
Contaminated Land
96
i.
Purposive Interpretation
96
ii.
Dissatisfaction with the Purposive Approach
97
C.
Nature Conservation
99
i.
Purposive Interpretation
99
ii.
Dissatisfaction with the Purposive Approach
101
D.
Conclusions
102
6.
Identification of the Cause of Uncertainty: The Regulatory Culture
103
I.
Approach of the ECJ
104
II.
Administrative Approach
110
A.
Waste
111
B.
Contaminated Land
115
C.
Nature Conservation
117
D.
Conclusions
120
III.
Ambiguous Role of the Courts
121
IV.
Academic Approaches
123
A.
Waste
124
B.
Contaminated Land
130
C.
Nature Conservation
134
V.
Conclusions
138
7.
Solution: A Change in Approach to Interpretation
139
I.
Linguistic Analysis
141
II.
Mischief
144
A.
Understanding Harmfulness in the Environmental Context
145
i.
Harm and Harmfulness
146
ii.
Harm in the Environmental Context
147
iii.
Property and Land
149
iv.
Interaction with Criminal Law
151
v.
Comparison with Existing Approaches to Environmental Harm
151
vi.
Relationship Between Nuisance and Regulation
161
vii.
Accounting for Uncertainty, Lack of Scientific Knowledge and Administrative Discretion
164
III.
Seeing the Rules as Part of a Framework
167
IV.
Explanatory and Pre-Legislative Materials
168
V.
Ambiguity[—]Aims as a Last Resort
170
VI.
Conclusions
170
8.
Practical Implementation of the Solution
172
I.
Environmental Principles
172
II.
Legal Barriers to Taking Such an Approach and Overcoming Them
177
A.
Jurisprudence of the ECJ
178
B.
Statutory Guidance
189
III.
Examples in Practice
189
A.
Interpretation of the Key Terms
190
i.
Waste Regime
190
ii.
Contaminated Land
194
iii.
Nature Conservation Provisions
196
B.
Increasing Certainty
197
9.
Conclusions
199
I.
Property/Environmental Law
200
II.
Human Rights and the Environment
201
III.
Question of Risk
201
IV.
Jurisdictional Overlap
202
V.
Interpretation and Legal Reasoning
203
VI.
Environmental/Criminal Law
204
VII.
Conclusion
206
Bibliography
209
Index
231