Copyright beyond law : regulating creativity in the graffiti subculture / Marta Iljadica.
2016
K1460 .I45 2016 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Copyright beyond law : regulating creativity in the graffiti subculture / Marta Iljadica.
Published
Oxford, UK ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2016.
Call Number
K1460 .I45 2016
ISBN
9781849467773 hardback alkaline paper
1849467773 hardback alkaline paper
1849467773 hardback alkaline paper
Description
xiii, 310 pages ; 24 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)907118749
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Available in Other Form
Online version: Iljadica, Marta, author. Copyright beyond law. Oxford [UK] ; Portland, Oregon : Hart Publishing, 2016 9781509902026 (DLC) 2016029539
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Shout Outs
v
Note on Pictures
vii
Introduction
1
Commons, Creativity and Norms
1
Outline of Chapters
3
Panel I
Context
1.
Graffiti History and Development
9
Introduction
9
Historical Development
9
Defining Graffiti Writing (and Street Art)
10
Origins of Graffiti Writing
13
Transplanting the Subculture
17
London/UK Scene
19
Elements of the Subculture
21
Motivations and Identity
22
Fame and Hierarchy
23
Visibility, Placement and Style
27
Illegality and the Graffiti Rules
30
Conclusion
31
2.
Copyright, Creativity and Commons
32
Introduction
32
Justifications for Copyright
32
Creativity and Commons
39
Creativity as Process, Pleasure and Space
39
Copyright, Culture and the Public Domain
43
Graffiti and the `Bounded Commons'
49
Graffiti in the Physical and Intellectual Commons
49
Graffiti-Specific Commons
52
Alternative Frameworks
56
Norms and Rules, Customs and Practice
56
Regulating Creativity Without Copyright Law
58
Conclusion
61
3.
Methodology: Reflections on Fieldwork
63
Introduction
63
Empirical Research on Graffiti
64
Choice of Research Methodology
66
Data Gathering
67
Setting
68
Participants
70
Interviews
73
Supplementary Sources
77
Data Analysis
80
Conclusion
83
Panel II
Form
4.
Copyright---Subject Matter
87
Introduction
87
Qualification
88
Graffiti Writing as a `Work'
89
Graffiti Writing as an Artistic Work
91
Graffiti Writing as a Literary Work
95
Graffiti Writing as a Literary and an Artistic Work
97
Graffiti Writing as a `Work' and a Trade Mark
98
Fixation and Permanence
99
Fixation of Literary Works
100
Materiality of Artistic Works
100
Public Policy and Illegality
102
Conclusion
108
5.
Graffiti Rules---Write Letters, Choose Spots
109
Introduction
109
Writing Letters
110
Writing and Writers
110
Types of Writing
111
Ways of Writing
113
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Subject Matter
114
Appropriate Placement
118
Visibility and the Hierarchy of Placement
119
Public versus Private Property Placement
122
`Personal' Property and Respect/Morals
124
`Personal' Property, Commercial Property and Urban Aesthetics
125
Trains and Tracksides as Public/Private Property
127
Placement, Commons and Political Justifications
128
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Morality and Space
130
Placement, Permanence and (Im)materiality
133
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Materiality and Permanence
135
Conclusion
138
Panel III
Copying
6.
Copyright---Originality and Infringement
141
Introduction
141
Originality
142
Graffiti Writing as an Original Literary Work
143
Graffiti Writing as an Original Artistic Work
147
Authorship, Joint Authorship and Ownership
155
Infringement
157
Reproduction of Literary and Artistic Works
157
Reproduction of Graffiti as an Original Literary Work---Names
159
Reproduction of Graffiti as an Original Artistic Work---Style
159
Intellectual Creation, Reproduction and the Adaptation of Graffiti Style
166
Communication to the Public of Literary and Artistic Works
168
Distribution of Artistic Works
170
Defences to Infringement
170
Fair Dealing for Research or Private Study
171
Fair Dealing for Reporting Current Events
173
Conclusion
173
7.
Graffiti Rules---Be Original, Don't Bite
175
Introduction
175
Style and Originality
175
Novelty and Stylistic Heritage
179
Identifying Biting and Justifying Sanctions
183
Style and Skill (Can Control)
187
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Originality and Copying
189
Originality and the Name
194
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Marks Without Trade
198
Exceptions for Biting
199
Blackbooks
200
Tags, Commons and Territory
201
Shout outs
203
Copying Within Crews
204
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Exceptions and the Commons
205
Conclusion
207
Panel IV
Reputation
8.
Moral Rights
211
Introduction
211
Preconditions for Moral Rights
211
Public Exhibition
212
Communication to the Public and Commercial Publication
214
Attribution, False Attribution and Integrity
216
Moral Right of Attribution
218
Moral Right Against False Attribution
224
Moral Right of Integrity
225
Moral Rights and Communal Creativity
233
Conclusion
234
9.
Graffiti Rules---Don't Go Over
235
Introduction
235
Norm Against Interference
236
Style, Skill and Respect
238
Placement, Territory and Commons
242
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Spatialised Moral Rights
243
Sanctions and Subcultural Politics
247
Going Over and Other Sanctions
248
Going Over and Beef
251
Copyright Beyond Copyright---Damage and Damages
253
Conclusion
253
Panel V
Interactions
10.
Graffiti Rules and Copyright Law
257
Introduction
257
Copyright and Public Placement
258
Land, Chattels and Copyright
258
Public Exhibition
262
Section 62 Exception
263
Graffiti Writers' Rules for Non-writers
265
Approval (or Tolerance) of Sharing
265
Disapproval of Commercial Copying
270
Graffiti Rules for Copyright
272
Revising the Public Placement Exception
275
Introducing `Fair Use', Making Use of Quotation
277
Strengthening Moral Rights
284
Conclusion
284
Conclusion
287
Convergence and Divergence: Justifying Copyright?
289
Space, Pleasure, Resistance
293
Creativity, Space and Pleasure
293
Graffiti Rules as Resistance
295
Where Next?
299
Index
301