Comparative contract law : British and American perspectives / edited by Larry A. DiMatteo, Huber Hurst Professor of Contract Law and Legal Studies, University of Florida and Martin Hogg, Professor of the Law of Obligations, University of Edinburgh.
2016
KD1554 .C653 2016 (Map It)
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Title
Comparative contract law : British and American perspectives / edited by Larry A. DiMatteo, Huber Hurst Professor of Contract Law and Legal Studies, University of Florida and Martin Hogg, Professor of the Law of Obligations, University of Edinburgh.
Published
Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2016.
Copyright
©2016
Call Number
KD1554 .C653 2016
ISBN
9780198728733 (hardcover)
0198728735 (hardcover)
0198728735 (hardcover)
Description
xxxiii, 469 pages ; 26 cm
System Control No.
(OCoLC)920844310
Note
"This book comprises the collected and revised papers from a conference on comparative British and American contract law, held at the University of Edinburgh Law School in September 2013"--Preface.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Record Appears in
Added Author
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
xvii
Table of Legislation (Including Law Reform Proposals and Model Laws)
xxxi
Table of Frequently Cited Works
xxxv
List of Contributors
xxxvii
1.
Introduction: British and American Perspectives
1
Comparative law approach / Larry A DiMatteo Martin Hogg
1
Challenges to US-British comparative contract scholarship / Larry A DiMatteo Martin Hogg
4
Consent and standard terms / Martin Hogg Larry A DiMatteo
5
Structure of the book / Larry A DiMatteo Martin Hogg
7
Part I. Contract Theory And Structure / Larry A DiMatteo Martin Hogg
2.
Saying What We Mean: Fundamental Structural Language in Contract Law / Larry A DiMatteo Martin Hogg
13
Introduction / Martin Hogg
13
Why is fundamental structural terminology used in contract law? / Martin Hogg
14
Examples of fundamental structural contractual language / Martin Hogg
15
Obligation and liability / Martin Hogg
15
Conditional and contingent / Martin Hogg
20
Unilateral and bilateral / Martin Hogg
24
Conclusions / Martin Hogg
28
3.
Death of Consent? / Martin Hogg
30
Introduction / Peter A. Alces
30
Seminal cases / Peter A. Alces
33
Carnival Cruise v Shute / Peter A. Alces
34
Decisions of Judge Easterbrook / Peter A. Alces
38
Arbitration, unconscionability, and consent / Peter A. Alces
45
Constructing consent / Peter A. Alces
52
Normative sense of consent / Peter A. Alces
52
Inferring consent / Peter A. Alces
53
"There oughta be a law!" / Peter A. Alces
55
More heat than light / Peter A. Alces
58
Conclusion / Peter A. Alces
59
Reply to Martin Hogg, "Saying What We Mean: Fundamental Structural Language in Contract Law" / Peter A. Alces
61
Reply to Peter A Alces, 'The Death of Consent?' / Peter A. Alces
65
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 2 and 3 (Language and Structure of Contract Law) / Martin Hogg
71
Part II. Contract Formation / Martin Hogg
4.
Nature and Timing of Contract Formation / Martin Hogg
77
Introduction / Shawn J. Bayern
77
doctrinal distraction of "offer and acceptance" / Shawn J. Bayern
77
interpretive nature of formation analysis / Shawn J. Bayern
79
Implicit and explicit recognition of the interpretive nature of contract formation in modern legal systems / Shawn J. Bayern
80
Common law / Shawn J. Bayern
80
Other modern legal systems / Shawn J. Bayern
87
Moving beyond offer and acceptance: The timing of contract formation / Shawn J. Bayern
87
Conclusion / Shawn J. Bayern
89
5.
Contract Formation between Distant Parties: The Scottish Experience / Shawn J. Bayern
90
Contract formation in Scotland: Offer, acceptance, counterpart execution, and agreement / Hector L. MacQueen
90
Law reform: Scotland in Europe / Hector L. MacQueen
96
offer and acceptance model and contract as agreement / Hector L. MacQueen
97
Communication: Postal and other acceptances / Hector L. MacQueen
99
Protection against revocation of offers? / Hector L. MacQueen
104
When is an offer irrevocable? / Hector L. MacQueen
105
Withdrawal of irrevocable offer? / Hector L. MacQueen
105
Revoking or withdrawing acceptances? / Hector L. MacQueen
106
Conclusions / Hector L. MacQueen
106
Reply to Shawn J. Bayern, 'The Nature and Timing of Contract Formation' / Hector L. MacQueen
109
Reply to Hector L. MacQueen, "Contract Formation between Distant Parties: The Scottish Experience" / Hector L MacQueen
114
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 4 and 5 (Formation of Contract) / Shawn J. Bayern
118
6.
Defects of Consent in English Law: Protecting the Bargain? / Shawn J. Bayern
120
Introduction / Séverine Saintier
120
critical look at some defects of consent under English law / Séverine Saintier
121
Capacity / Séverine Saintier
121
(Economic) duress / Séverine Saintier
124
future for defects of consent: Unification? / Séverine Saintier
129
Merging the doctrines / Séverine Saintier
129
Statutory intervention? / Séverine Saintier
130
Conclusion / Séverine Saintier
131
7.
Quality of Consent and Distributive Fairness: A Comparative Perspective / Séverine Saintier
132
Introduction / Jeffrey L. Harrison
132
black letter law / Jeffrey L. Harrison
133
hypothesis and methodology / Jeffrey L. Harrison
134
Four doctrines of legitimacy / Jeffrey L. Harrison
135
Capacity / Jeffrey L. Harrison
135
Duress / Jeffrey L. Harrison
139
Undue influence / Jeffrey L. Harrison
142
Unconscionability / Jeffrey L. Harrison
145
Concluding remarks / Jeffrey L. Harrison
146
Reply to Séverine Saintier, "Defects of Consent in English Law: Protecting the Bargain?" / Jeffrey L. Harrison
147
Reply to Jeffrey L. Harrison, 'Quality of Consent and Distributive Fairness: A Comparative Perspective' / Jeffrey L. Harrison
149
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 6 and 7 (Defects of Consent) / Séverine Saintier
152
Part III. Policing Of Contracts / Séverine Saintier
8.
Inequality of Bargaining Power and 'Cure' by Information Requirement / Séverine Saintier
157
Introduction / Elizabeth MacDonald
157
Background / Elizabeth MacDonald
158
House of Lords, Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court / Elizabeth MacDonald
159
Kásler-the European Court of Justice weighs in / Elizabeth MacDonald
162
Limitations of 'plain intelligible language' / Elizabeth MacDonald
165
Conclusion / Elizabeth MacDonald
168
9.
Reassessing Assent-based Critiques of Adhesion Contracts / Elizabeth MacDonald
170
Introduction to particularized assent / Daniel D. Barnhizer
170
Roscoe Pound and the idealization of the horse / Daniel D. Barnhizer
170
Continuum from low-quality to high-quality assent / Daniel D. Barnhizer
172
Technological doppelgangers for assent-selective assent and à la carte contracting / Daniel D. Barnhizer
177
Selective assent and contracts of adhesion / Daniel D. Barnhizer
181
Reply to Elizabeth Macdonald, "Inequality of Bargaining Power and 'Cure' by Information Provision" / Daniel D. Barnhizer
184
Reply to Daniel D Barnhizer, 'Reassessing Assent-based Critiques of Adhesion Contracts' / Daniel D. Barnhizer
189
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 8 and 9 (Inequality of Bargaining Power and Adhesion Contracts) / Elizabeth MacDonald
193
10.
Good Faith in the Performance of a Contract in English Law / Elizabeth MacDonald
196
Introduction / Ewan McKendrick
196
Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corporation Ltd / Ewan McKendrick
196
facts / Ewan McKendrick
196
basis for the implication of a good faith term / Ewan McKendrick
197
influence of comparative law / Ewan McKendrick
198
Recognizing the current role of good faith in English contract law / Ewan McKendrick
199
arguments against the duty are overstated / Ewan McKendrick
202
scope and the content of the duty / Ewan McKendrick
202
reaction to Yam Seng / Ewan McKendrick
204
future / Ewan McKendrick
208
11.
History and Theory of Good Faith Performance in the United States / Ewan McKendrick
210
History of good faith performance / Steven J. Burton
210
Theories of good faith performance / Steven J. Burton
214
Good faith and bad faith distinguished / Steven J. Burton
217
Justifications / Steven J. Burton
218
Reply to Ewan McKendrick, "Good Faith in the Performance of a Contract in English Law" / Steven J. Burton
220
Reply to Steven J. Burton, 'History and Theory of Good Faith Performance in the United States' / Steven J. Burton
223
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 10 and 11 (Good Faith in the Performance of Contracts) / Ewan McKendrick
226
Part IV. Contractual Interpretation / Ewan McKendrick
12.
Interpreting Commercial Contracts: The Policing Role of Context in English Law / Ewan McKendrick
231
Introduction / Catherine Mitchell
231
Contextualism as an interpretation method and as a contract law movement / Catherine Mitchell
233
Contextual interpretation and the policing of contracts / Catherine Mitchell
235
Features of contextual interpretation that facilitate contract policing / Catherine Mitchell
237
Contextual interpretation: A single-stage or a two-stage process? / Catherine Mitchell
238
Choice of context / Catherine Mitchell
239
Commercial reasonableness and commercial common sense as interpretative criteria / Catherine Mitchell
241
Why interpretation? / Catherine Mitchell
245
13.
Contractual Interpretation in the Commercial Context / Catherine Mitchell
248
Introduction / Blake D. Morant
248
Context and the modern small business / Blake D. Morant
250
Small business in the United States / Blake D. Morant
250
Small business in the United Kingdom / Blake D. Morant
252
Common challenges: US and UK / Blake D. Morant
253
Contemporary contract theory and the salience of context / Blake D. Morant
255
Formalism, fairness, and the case for unconscionability / Blake D. Morant
259
Contractual formalism and small business contracting / Blake D. Morant
259
Unconscionability as a "remedy" for small business contractors / Blake D. Morant
261
Unconscionability's improved utility-lessons from US government contract law / Blake D. Morant
266
Rudiments of federal government contracts law / Blake D. Morant
266
Unconscionability in federal government contracts / Blake D. Morant
267
Lessons learned: Enhanced analysis of context in disputed contracts / Blake D. Morant
269
Conclusion / Blake D. Morant
270
14.
Can Judges Use Business Common Sense in Interpreting Contracts? / Blake D. Morant
272
Editors' preliminary note / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
272
Introduction / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
272
Developments in the judicial interpretation of contracts / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
273
basic rule of interpretation / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
274
Interpretation of contracts in the United States / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
275
Factors affecting the interpretative exercise / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
276
formality or informality of the process of formation / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
276
danger of an over-literal approach / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
277
effect upon third parties / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
277
long-term contractual relationship / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
277
purposive approach / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
278
Five propositions of interpretation / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
280
Controlling the cost of litigation / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
280
Convergence and divergence in English and Scottish approaches / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
282
Conclusion / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
282
Reply to Catherine Mitchell, "Interpreting Commercial Contracts: The Policing Role of Context in English Law" / The Rt Hon Lord Hodge
284
Reply to Blake D. Morant, 'Contractual Interpretation in the Commercial Context' / Blake D. Morant
286
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 12, 13, and 14 (Contract Interpretation) / Catherine Mitchell
290
Part V. Damages / Catherine Mitchell
15.
Market Damages and the Invisible Hand / Catherine Mitchell
297
Introduction: Why does the invisible hand work? / David Campbell
297
invisible hand and the principal remedy for breach of contract / David Campbell
298
Cover and market damages / David Campbell
302
justification of market damages (1): Vindication of rights / David Campbell
307
justification of market damages (2): Commodities trading / David Campbell
309
Conclusion: Self-interest and cooperation in the law of market damages / David Campbell
310
16.
Right to Perform after Repudiation and Recover the Contract Price in Anglo-American Law / David Campbell
313
How White & Carter would be decided under American law / Mark P. Gergen
314
duty to mitigate and the power to continue performance on repudiation / Mark P. Gergen
314
damage rule for repudiation of a contract to purchase advertising space / Mark P. Gergen
319
How English law handles the problem: In praise of the legitimate interest requirement and the wholly unreasonable standard / Mark P. Gergen
321
Legitimate interest: To avoid an uncompensated loss / Mark P. Gergen
321
Wholly unreasonable / Mark P. Gergen
325
Which approach is better? / Mark P. Gergen
328
Conclusion / Mark P. Gergen
330
Reply to David Campbell, "Market Damages and the Invisible Hand" / Mark P. Gergen
333
Reply to Mark P. Gergen, 'The Right to Perform after Repudiation and Recover the Contract Price in Anglo-American Law' / Mark P. Gergen
338
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 15 and 16 (Damages and Repudiation) / David Campbell
342
Part VI. Specialty Contracts / David Campbell
17.
Three Sales Laws and the Common Law of Contracts / David Campbell
347
Introduction / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
347
Legal landscape: UCC, SoGA, and Scottish sales law / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
348
Scottish law of sales / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
349
SoGA and UCC: Differences and influences / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
350
History, enactment, and revisions / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
351
Goals and purposes / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
351
Coverage and comprehensiveness / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
352
Divergence between UCC and American common law / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
353
Basic principles and transformation / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
354
Freedom of contract / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
354
Reasonableness standard / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
354
Regulatory principles: Duty of good faith and doctrine of unconscionability / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
355
Good faith in English law / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
356
Case studies / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
358
Contract formation / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
358
Transfer of title and transfer of risk / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
359
Right to reject / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
362
Unconscionability, inequality of bargaining power, and exploitation of weakness / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
362
Contextual interpretation / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
364
Warranty law / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
367
Impact of sales law on common law / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
376
Conclusion / Larry A DiMatteo Qi Zhou
377
Editors' Commentary on Chapter 17 (Sales Law) / Larry A DiMatteo Qi Zhou
379
18.
Defining Agency and Its Scope (I) / Qi Zhou Larry A DiMatteo
381
Introduction / Laura MacGregor
381
Context: The use of agency to solve problems in other areas of the law / Laura MacGregor
381
Nature of agency law in Scotland / Laura MacGregor
382
Historical development of agency in Scotland / Laura MacGregor
382
Formation of agency in Scots law / Laura MacGregor
383
Nature of agency in English law / Laura MacGregor
384
Problem for a contractual analysis: The agent's lack of contractual capacity / Laura MacGregor
385
conflict between the agency contract and the concept of fiduciary duties / Laura MacGregor
386
Nature and source of fiduciary duties / Laura MacGregor
386
Contracting-out of fiduciary duties / Laura MacGregor
387
Conflicts produced by the differing sources of agency law / Laura MacGregor
389
Scottish advocate / Laura MacGregor
389
Holding information on the principal's behalf / Laura MacGregor
390
Holding funds on the principal's behalf / Laura MacGregor
392
Conclusion / Laura MacGregor
394
19.
Defining Agency and Its Scope (II) / Laura MacGregor
396
Introduction / Deborah A. DeMott
396
Defining agency / Deborah A. DeMott
400
Definitional elements applied / Deborah A. DeMott
400
parties' own characterization / Deborah A. DeMott
401
scope of an agency relationship / Deborah A. DeMott
402
Inclusions and exclusions from scope of relationship / Deborah A. DeMott
403
Art auctions and agency relationships / Deborah A. DeMott
404
Broader theoretical implications / Deborah A. DeMott
406
Consent to conduct otherwise in breach / Deborah A. DeMott
407
Agents for multiple parties / Deborah A. DeMott
408
Terminal agreements: Releases of claims when an agency relationship is at an end / Deborah A. DeMott
410
Conclusion: Agreement and consent / Deborah A. DeMott
411
Reply to Laura MacGregor, "Defining Agency and Its Scope (I)" / Deborah A. DeMott
414
Reply to Deborah A DeMott, "Defining Agency and Its Scope (II)" / Deborah A. DeMott
418
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 18 and 19 (Agency Law) / Laura MacGregor
422
Part VII. Legal Reform / Laura MacGregor
20.
Standard Terms in Consumer Contracts: The Challenges of Law Reform in English Law / Laura MacGregor
427
Introduction / Christian Twigg-Flesner
427
Regulating standard terms in consumer contracts / Christian Twigg-Flesner
427
Regulating standard terms in English law-from common law to statute / Christian Twigg-Flesner
428
Common law / Christian Twigg-Flesner
428
Statutory law / Christian Twigg-Flesner
429
impact of EU law / Christian Twigg-Flesner
431
Reform of the law on standard terms in consumer contracts / Christian Twigg-Flesner
435
law reform process / Christian Twigg-Flesner
436
Conclusion / Christian Twigg-Flesner
438
21.
At the Limits of Adjudication: Standard Terms in Consumer Contracts / Christian Twigg-Flesner
439
Introduction / Aditi Bagchi
439
Legal status of standard terms in the United States / Aditi Bagchi
441
Theoretical treatment of standard terms / Aditi Bagchi
443
Consent / Aditi Bagchi
443
Cognitive error / Aditi Bagchi
444
Market failure / Aditi Bagchi
446
Substantive unfairness / Aditi Bagchi
447
Democratic degradation / Aditi Bagchi
448
Cumulative externalities / Aditi Bagchi
450
Conclusion: Reforming the legal framework / Aditi Bagchi
451
idea of contract: Integrated regulative strategy / Aditi Bagchi
451
Evidence / Aditi Bagchi
452
Substantive interpretive rules / Aditi Bagchi
453
Reply to Christian Twigg-Flesner, "Standard Terms in Consumer Contracts: The Challenges of Law Reform in English Law" / Aditi Bagchi
455
Reply to Aditi Bagchi, 'At the Limits of Adjudication: Standard Terms in Consumer Contracts' / Aditi Bagchi
459
Editors' Commentary on Chapters 20 and 21 (Law Reform) / Christian Twigg-Flesner
462
Index / Christian Twigg-Flesner
465