Illicitly obtained evidence at the International Criminal Court / Petra Viebig.
2016
KZ7422 .V54 2016 (Map It)
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Details
Author
Title
Illicitly obtained evidence at the International Criminal Court / Petra Viebig.
Published
The Hague, The Netherlands : T.M.C. Asser Press, [2016]
Distributed
Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag
Copyright
©2016
Call Number
KZ7422 .V54 2016
ISBN
9789462650923 (hardback)
9462650926 (hardback)
9462650926 (hardback)
Description
xi, 291 pages ; 25 cm.
Other Standard Identifiers
9789462650923
System Control No.
(OCoLC)932126380
Summary
"This work deals with the exclusion of illicitly obtained evidence at the International Criminal Court. At the level of domestic law, the so-called exclusionary rule has always been a very prominent topic. The reason for this is that the way a court of law deals with tainted evidence pertains to a key aspect of procedural fairness. It concerns the balancing of the right to a fair trial with the interest of society in effective law enforcement. At the international level, however, the subject has not yet been discussed in detail. The present research intends to fill this gap. It provides an overview of the approaches of a number of domestic legal systems as well as of the approaches of the UN ad hoc tribunals and the European Court of Human Rights and uses the different perspectives to develop a version of the exclusionary rule which fits the International Criminal Court"--Back cover.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 261-269) and index.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
Introduction
1
1.2.
Setting the Context
4
1.3.
Chapters Outline
6
References
8
2.
Legal Sources and Legal Methodology Under the ICC Statute
11
2.1.
Introduction
12
2.2.
The ICC Proper Law and Its Interpretation
13
2.2.1.
General Considerations
13
2.2.2.
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and Its Applicability to the ICC Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence
15
2.2.3.
The Purpose of the ICC
17
2.3.
The Use of External Sources and Models for Interpretation
22
2.3.1.
The Hierarchy of Norms in Article 21 of the ICC Statute
23
2.3.2.
References Under Article 21 of the ICC Statute
27
2.4.
Conclusion and Outlook
43
References
43
3.
Previous Approaches to the Exclusion of Illicitly Obtained Evidence
47
3.1.
The Approach of the Ad Hoc Tribunals
48
3.1.1.
Introduction
48
3.1.2.
The General Approach to the Law of Evidence
50
3.1.3.
The Ad Hoc Tribunals and the Exclusion of Illicitly Obtained Evidence
51
3.1.4.
Factors in the Balancing Exercise
55
3.1.5.
Potential of the Approach of the Ad Hoc Tribunals for the Construction of the ICC Exclusionary Rule
57
3.2.
The Approach of the European Court of Human Rights
58
3.2.1.
Introduction
58
3.2.2.
The General Approach to the Law of Evidence
59
3.2.3.
The ECtHR and the Exclusion of Illicitly Obtained Evidence
60
3.2.4.
Factors in the Balancing Exercise
61
3.2.5.
Criticism of the ECtHR's Approach
62
3.2.6.
Potential of the ECtHR's Approach for the Construction of the ICC Exclusionary Rule
63
3.3.
Examples of Domestic Approaches
65
3.3.1.
Germany
65
3.3.2.
United States
72
3.3.3.
England and Wales
79
3.3.4.
Canada
85
3.4.
Conclusion and Outlook
91
References
92
4.
Development of an Approach to the Exclusion of Evidence by the International Criminal Court
97
4.1.
Introduction
98
4.2.
The Collection of Evidence in Light of the ICC Cooperation Regime
99
4.3.
The Legal Framework for the Exclusion of Evidence
105
4.3.1.
The Admissibility of Evidence in General
105
4.3.2.
The Purpose of the ICC Exclusionary Rule
110
4.3.3.
The Relevant Violations
134
References
159
5.
Factors in the Balancing Exercise
163
5.1.
Introduction
164
5.2.
The Seriousness of the Crime
164
5.3.
The Importance of the Evidence
167
5.4.
The Seriousness and Character of the Offence
169
5.4.1.
The General Impact of the Seriousness of the Violation
169
5.4.2.
Technical Mistakes
171
5.4.3.
Automatic Exclusion for Particular Rights?---The Example of Tortue
172
5.5.
The Actors Involved in the Collection of Evidence
180
5.6.
Good Faith
184
References
187
6.
The Relation Between the Violation and the Evidence
189
6.1.
Causality and Normative Restriction
190
6.2.
An International `Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine'?
193
6.2.1.
Domestic Approaches
194
6.2.2.
The Approach of the European Court of Human Rights
199
6.2.3.
The International Level---the Scope of Article 69(7) of the ICC Statute
200
6.3.
Consecutive Statements
209
6.3.1.
Consecutive Statements in Domestic Proceedings
211
6.3.2.
The Case Law of the ICTY
218
6.3.3.
Approach Under Article 69(7) of the ICC Statute
219
6.4.
Hypothetical Course of Investigations
223
6.4.1.
The Validity of Hypothetical Considerations
224
6.4.2.
The Probability Standard
230
6.4.3.
Hypothetical Considerations and Judicial Warrants
233
References
237
7.
Procedural Aspects
239
7.1.
Introduction
240
7.2.
The Right to Challenge the Admissibility of Evidence
240
7.3.
The Duty to Rule on Admissibility
241
7.4.
The Procedural Scope of Application of the ICC Exclusionary Rule
242
7.5.
The Timing of a Motion
242
7.6.
The Burden and Standard of Proof
244
References
253
8.
Conclusion and Outlook
255
References
259
Erratum to: Illicitly Obtained Evidence at the International Criminal Court
1
Bibliography
261
Table of Cases
271
Legal Documents
283
Index
287