The first United Nations Mandate on minority issues / by Gay McDougall.
2016
K3242 .M345 2016 (Map It)
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Items
Details
Author
Title
The first United Nations Mandate on minority issues / by Gay McDougall.
Published
Leiden ; Boston : Brill/Nijhoff, [2016]
Copyright
©2016
Call Number
K3242 .M345 2016
ISBN
9789004288768 (hardback)
9004288767 (hardback)
9789004299776 (e-book)
9004288767 (hardback)
9789004299776 (e-book)
Description
xii, 373 pages ; 25 cm.
System Control No.
(OCoLC)934617226
Summary
"Across the world, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are subjected to hate crimes, systematic discrimination and marginalization. Religious minorities have recently faced particular threat in certain regions, while in other parts of the globe identity based on race or ethnicity has been used as a basis for exclusion. In this book, Gay McDougall curates a selection of reports she produced as UN Independent Expert on Minority Issues. The collection, with her introductory analysis, reveals the challenges and opportunities faced in her attempt to highlight the plight of these oppressed communities around the world and to shape an important new mechanism for the UN's protection of their rights"--Back cover.
Bibliography, etc. Note
Includes bibliographical references.
Record Appears in
Table of Contents
Foreword
xi
Acknowledgements
xiii
pt. I
Introduction
The First Mandate: Experiences and Lessons Learned
3
I.
Introduction
3
II.
The Legal Framework
5
III.
The Scope of the Mandate and Methods of Work
8
IV.
Issues Highlighted
11
A.
Expanding the Perception of Who May Claim Minority Rights Protections
11
B.
The Linkage between Discrimination and Poverty
14
C.
The Situation of Minority Women
15
D.
Extreme Measures of Exclusion
17
V.
The Voices of Minorities
19
VI.
Cooperation, Collaboration, and Implementation
20
A.
Cooperation with Member States
21
B.
Collaboration with Other Human Rights Mechanisms and Specialized Mechanisms
23
C.
Collaboration with the Special Advisor on Genocide
25
D.
The OHCHR Indigenous Peoples and Minorities Section
26
VII.
Assessing Potential for Influence
27
VIII.
Concluding Thoughts
33
pt. II
Country Visit Reports
Mission to Bulgaria (2011)
37
I.
Introduction
38
II.
Non-discrimination and Equality: Legal and Institutional Framework
39
III.
The Situation of the Roma Minority
40
A.
Education
44
B.
Employment
48
C.
Health
50
D.
Housing
51
IV.
Religious Minorities in Bulgaria
54
V.
Recognition and Rights of Macedonian and Pomak Communities
57
VI.
Conclusions and Recommendations
58
Mission to Colombia (2011)
65
I.
Introduction
66
II.
Overview
66
III.
Legal Framework and Enforcement Mechanisms
67
IV.
Discrimination and Poverty
70
A.
Discrimination and Racism
70
B.
Afro-Colombians' Disproportionate Experience of Poverty
71
C.
Responses of the Government to Discrimination and Poverty
73
V.
Violence and Displacement
74
A.
Disproportionate Displacement of Afro-Colombians
74
B.
Afro-Colombian Women's Experience of Violence and Displacement
77
C.
Responses of the Government to Violence and Displacement
79
D.
Responses of Security Forces
80
E.
The Office of the Ombudsman
80
F.
Transitional Justice, Reparations and Restitution
81
G.
Findings of the Constitutional Court
83
VI.
Dispossession of Afro-Colombian Lands
84
VII.
The Right to Consultation and Participation in Decisionmaking
85
A.
Political Participation
85
B.
Community Councils
86
C.
The Right to Free, Prior and Informed Consultation and Consent
87
VIII.
Conclusions and Recommendations
88
Mission to Dominican Republic (2007)
93
I.
General Background
96
A.
Historical Context
96
B.
Demographic and Ethnic Composition
97
C.
International Human Rights Instruments
97
II.
Methodology of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the Independent Expert on Minority Issues
98
III.
Racism and Racial Discrimination
99
A.
Political and Legal Strategy of the Public Authorities
99
B.
Views of Civil Society and Communities Concerned
103
IV.
Issues Relating to Documentation of Civil Status and Citizenship
108
A.
Documentation
108
B.
Implications of Denial or Deprivation of Civil Status or Citizenship
115
V.
Analyses and Conclusions of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the Independent Expert on Minority Issues
118
A.
Analysis of the Special Rapporteur
118
B.
Analysis of the Independent Expert
122
IV.
Joint Recommedations of the Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the Independent Expert on Minority Issues
125
Mission to Ethiopia (2006)
131
I.
Recognition of Minorities in Ethiopia
134
II.
Legal and Political Context
135
III.
Ensuring Group Survival
137
IV.
Language and Culture
145
V.
Non-Discrimination and Equality
148
VI.
Political Participation of Minorities
152
VII.
Poverty
156
VIII.
Conclusions
157
IX.
Recommendations
159
Mission to France (2008)
164
I.
Legal and Political Context
168
A.
Recognition of Minorities in France
168
B.
Domestic Legislation Relevant to Minority Issues
169
II.
Identity, Language, Culture and Religion
172
A.
Issues of Identity
172
B.
Language and Cultural Rights
173
C.
Rights of Religious Minorities
175
D.
Gypsies/Travellers in France
176
III.
Non-Discrimination and Equality
177
A.
Housing
179
B.
Employment
182
C.
Education
185
D.
Comparisons between Marseilles and Paris
186
IV.
Political Participation of Minorities
186
V.
Conclusions and Recommendations of the Independent Expert
188
Mission to Greece (2008)
193
I.
Introduction
194
II.
Legal Framework and Implementing Institutions
195
III.
Religion, Language, Culture and National Identity
197
A.
The Religious Minority: Muslims in Western Thrace
197
B.
Minority Religions
202
C.
Ethnic Identity in the Region of Florina
205
IV.
Discrimination against the Roma
208
A.
Housing and Employment
208
B.
Education
210
C.
Denial of Justice
212
D.
Integrated Action Plan Regarding Roma under the Ministries of Interior and Education
212
V.
Exceptional Issues Facing Minority Women
214
VI.
Political Participation of Minorities
215
VII.
Conclusions and Recommendations
216
Mission to Viet Nam (2010)
222
I.
Introduction
223
II.
Non-Discrimination and Equality
224
III.
Addressing the Poverty of Ethnic Minorities
227
A.
Land Rights and the Impact of Economic Development
231
B.
Access to Health Care
233
IV.
Language and Education
234
A.
Bilingual Education
237
B.
Action Research on Mother Tongue-Based Bilingual Education
237
V.
Religious Minorities
238
VI.
Political Participation of Minorities
241
VII.
Conclusions and Recommendations
243
A.
Poverty Alleviation and Development
244
B.
Language and Education
245
C.
Religious Minorities
247
D.
Political Participation
248
E.
Further Engagement with United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms
248
pt. III
Thematic Reports
Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for Minorities: A Review of MDG Country Reports and Poverty Reduction Strategies (2007)
253
I.
Minority Rights and the MDGs
259
II.
MDG Country Reports Review
265
III.
Global initiatives on Minorities and the MDGs
282
IV.
Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and Minorities
286
V.
Conclusions and Recommendations
297
Minorities and the Discriminatory Denial or Deprivation of Citizenship (2007)
307
I.
Introduction
308
A.
Country Visits
308
B.
Activities
309
II.
Minorities and the Discriminatory Denial or Deprivation of Citizenship
311
III.
Historical and Political Context
313
IV.
International Law Considerations
315
A.
Right to a Nationality
315
B.
Centrality of Non-Discrimination
317
C.
Citizenship and the Enjoyment of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
319
D.
Citizenship and the Enjoyment of Minority Rights
320
V.
Impact of Discriminatory Denial or Deprivation of Citizenship on Minorities
321
VI.
Regional Practices
323
A.
Africa
323
B.
Asia
325
C.
Europe
328
D.
Latin America and the Caribbean
329
VII.
Activities of International, Regional and National Organizations
330
VIII.
Conclusions and Recommendations
332
Minority Rights and Conflict Prevention (2010)
334
I.
Introduction
335
A.
The link between Minority Rights Violations and Violent Conflict
338
B.
Early Warning Indicators
341
II.
Protection of Minority Rights: A National Tool for Avoiding Violent Conflicts
343
A.
Effective Participation in Political Life and Decision-Making
344
B.
Protection of Cultural Identity
346
C.
Non-Discrimination and Equality
348
III.
A minority Rights Perspective at the International Level: A Tool for Conflict Prevention
351
A.
United Nations Institutional Framework
351
B.
Regional Organizations
355
IV.
Conclusions and Recommendations
357
pt. IV
Recommendations from the UN Forum on Minority Issues: The Right to Equal Access to Quality Education (2008)
Recommendations from the UN Forum on Minority Issues: The Right to Equal Access to Quality Education (2008)
363
I.
Education
363
II.
Core Principles
365
III.
Essential Requirements for an Effective Education Strategy
367
IV.
Equal Access to Quality Education for Minorities
368
V.
Learning Environment
370
VI.
Content and Delivery of the Curriculum
371