Details
Table of Contents
Early history until 1385. The origins of Poland ; The medieval era ; Integration into European civilization
The Jagiellon era, 1385-1572. The Polish-Lithuanian union ; The "golden age" of the sixteenth century
The noble republic, 1572-1795. The elective monarchy ; The deluge, 1648-67 ; Decay of the commonwealth ; The three partitions, 1764-95
Partitioned Poland. The Napoleonic period ; The impact of nationalism and Romanticism ; The era of national insurrections ; The time of "organic work" ; Social and political transformation
Independence won and lost, 1914-45. World War I ; Interwar Poland ; World War II ; The Polish People's Republic . Consolidation of communist power ; From Stalinism to the Polish October ; The gathering crisis of People's Poland, 1956-1980 ; The birth of solidarity ; The Jaruzelski interlude ; The 1989 elections and their aftermath
Physical setting. Topography ; Drainage ; Climate
Environment and pollution. Environmental conditions and crises ; Environmental groups ; Government environmental policy
Demography. Languages ; Population growth and structure ; Population density and distribution
The social order. Ethnic groups ; The intelligentsia ; The working classes ; Social relationships ; The role of women
Housing. Communist housing policy ; Polish housing in practice ; Housing after 1989
Religion. The Polish Catholic Church and the state ; The Polish Catholic Church and the people ; Other churches
Education. The education tradition ; Eras of repression ; The drive for education reform ; Structure of the education system
Health and welfare. Health conditions ; The health care system ; Health issues ; The welfare system
Natural resources. Minerals and fuels ; Agricultural resources ; Labor force
The economy under the communist system. System structure ; Development strategy
Development of the centrally planned economy. Establishing the planning formula ; Retrenchment and adjustment in the 1960s ; Reliance on technology in the 1970s ; Reform failure in the 1980s
After the fall of the communist system. Marketization and stabilization ; Macroeconomic indicators for 1990-91 ; The external balance of the economy ; The privatization process ; Economic policy making in the 1990s
Structure of the economy. Fuels and energy ; Extractive and manufacturing industries ; Agriculture ; Fishing and forestry ; Transportation and communications ; Banking and finance
Foreign trade. The foreign trade mechanism ; Postcommunist policy adjustments ; Foreign investment
Economic prospects
Political setting. The Round Table Agreement ; The Mazowiecki government ; Popular election of a president ; The Bielecki government ; The parliamentary elections of October 1991 ; The Olszewski government ; The Pawlak interlude ; The Suchocka government
The constitution. The constitution of 1952 ; Constitutional revisions after April 1989
Government structure. Presidency ; Sejm ; Senate ; Supreme Control Chamber ; Council of Ministers ; Regional and local government ; Judicial system
Political parties. Solidarity ; Center Alliance ; Democratic Union ; Liberal-Democratic Congress ; Beer-Lovers' Party ; Peasant Alliance ; Christian National Union ; Party of Christian Democrats ; Confederation for an Independent Poland ; PZPR and successor parties ; Polish Peasant Party
Politics and the media. The early opposition press ; Liberalization in the 1980s ; The end of press censorship ; Book publishing ; Radio and television
Foreign relations. Soviet Union and Russia ; Other former Soviet Republics ; Southern neighbors and the Visegrád triangle ; Germany ; The United States ; Other Western countries ; International organizations
Development of the armed forces. The medieval times to World War I ; The interwar years ; World War II ; The communist era
National security policy. Threat perception ; Military doctrine ; Strategy and tactics ; Military cooperation and exchanges
Defense organization. The communist tradition ; Evolution and restructuring ; National security agencies ; Armed services
Military manpower. The military and society ; Recruitment and service obligations ; Military training and education
Defense and the national economy. Military budget ; Arms procurement
Law and order. Internal security ; Crime ; Penal system ; Under communism
List of figures. Administrative division of Poland, 1992 ; Piast Poland, 966 to 1370 ; Jagiellon Poland-Lithuania, fifteenth century ; Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth from the Union of Lublin, 1569, to 1667 ; The first partition of Poland, 1772 ; The second partition of Poland, 1793 ; The third partition of Poland, 1795 ; Duchy of Warsaw, 1807-13, and Congress of Poland, 1815 ; Independent Poland, 1921-39 ; Occupied Poland in World War II ; Postwar territorial adjustments, 1945 ; Topography and drainage ; Population density by district, 1992 ; Distribution of heavy industry and mineral resources, 1992 ; Transportation system, 1992 ; Enlisted ranks and insignia, 1992 ; Officer ranks and insignia, 1992 ; Warrant officer ranks and insignia, 1992.
The Jagiellon era, 1385-1572. The Polish-Lithuanian union ; The "golden age" of the sixteenth century
The noble republic, 1572-1795. The elective monarchy ; The deluge, 1648-67 ; Decay of the commonwealth ; The three partitions, 1764-95
Partitioned Poland. The Napoleonic period ; The impact of nationalism and Romanticism ; The era of national insurrections ; The time of "organic work" ; Social and political transformation
Independence won and lost, 1914-45. World War I ; Interwar Poland ; World War II ; The Polish People's Republic . Consolidation of communist power ; From Stalinism to the Polish October ; The gathering crisis of People's Poland, 1956-1980 ; The birth of solidarity ; The Jaruzelski interlude ; The 1989 elections and their aftermath
Physical setting. Topography ; Drainage ; Climate
Environment and pollution. Environmental conditions and crises ; Environmental groups ; Government environmental policy
Demography. Languages ; Population growth and structure ; Population density and distribution
The social order. Ethnic groups ; The intelligentsia ; The working classes ; Social relationships ; The role of women
Housing. Communist housing policy ; Polish housing in practice ; Housing after 1989
Religion. The Polish Catholic Church and the state ; The Polish Catholic Church and the people ; Other churches
Education. The education tradition ; Eras of repression ; The drive for education reform ; Structure of the education system
Health and welfare. Health conditions ; The health care system ; Health issues ; The welfare system
Natural resources. Minerals and fuels ; Agricultural resources ; Labor force
The economy under the communist system. System structure ; Development strategy
Development of the centrally planned economy. Establishing the planning formula ; Retrenchment and adjustment in the 1960s ; Reliance on technology in the 1970s ; Reform failure in the 1980s
After the fall of the communist system. Marketization and stabilization ; Macroeconomic indicators for 1990-91 ; The external balance of the economy ; The privatization process ; Economic policy making in the 1990s
Structure of the economy. Fuels and energy ; Extractive and manufacturing industries ; Agriculture ; Fishing and forestry ; Transportation and communications ; Banking and finance
Foreign trade. The foreign trade mechanism ; Postcommunist policy adjustments ; Foreign investment
Economic prospects
Political setting. The Round Table Agreement ; The Mazowiecki government ; Popular election of a president ; The Bielecki government ; The parliamentary elections of October 1991 ; The Olszewski government ; The Pawlak interlude ; The Suchocka government
The constitution. The constitution of 1952 ; Constitutional revisions after April 1989
Government structure. Presidency ; Sejm ; Senate ; Supreme Control Chamber ; Council of Ministers ; Regional and local government ; Judicial system
Political parties. Solidarity ; Center Alliance ; Democratic Union ; Liberal-Democratic Congress ; Beer-Lovers' Party ; Peasant Alliance ; Christian National Union ; Party of Christian Democrats ; Confederation for an Independent Poland ; PZPR and successor parties ; Polish Peasant Party
Politics and the media. The early opposition press ; Liberalization in the 1980s ; The end of press censorship ; Book publishing ; Radio and television
Foreign relations. Soviet Union and Russia ; Other former Soviet Republics ; Southern neighbors and the Visegrád triangle ; Germany ; The United States ; Other Western countries ; International organizations
Development of the armed forces. The medieval times to World War I ; The interwar years ; World War II ; The communist era
National security policy. Threat perception ; Military doctrine ; Strategy and tactics ; Military cooperation and exchanges
Defense organization. The communist tradition ; Evolution and restructuring ; National security agencies ; Armed services
Military manpower. The military and society ; Recruitment and service obligations ; Military training and education
Defense and the national economy. Military budget ; Arms procurement
Law and order. Internal security ; Crime ; Penal system ; Under communism
List of figures. Administrative division of Poland, 1992 ; Piast Poland, 966 to 1370 ; Jagiellon Poland-Lithuania, fifteenth century ; Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth from the Union of Lublin, 1569, to 1667 ; The first partition of Poland, 1772 ; The second partition of Poland, 1793 ; The third partition of Poland, 1795 ; Duchy of Warsaw, 1807-13, and Congress of Poland, 1815 ; Independent Poland, 1921-39 ; Occupied Poland in World War II ; Postwar territorial adjustments, 1945 ; Topography and drainage ; Population density by district, 1992 ; Distribution of heavy industry and mineral resources, 1992 ; Transportation system, 1992 ; Enlisted ranks and insignia, 1992 ; Officer ranks and insignia, 1992 ; Warrant officer ranks and insignia, 1992.